Ideality is found large the nose will not only be broad at the tip, but it will be relatively high. No feature of the face so marks the presence of mentality of the finer sort as a nose developed in its lower third. Particularly is this shown by height and width, together with that peculiar configuration which shows that the signs for Mental Imitation, Analysis, Hope, Sublimity, and Constructiveness are large. Some ideal noses present a square-cut appearance, while others that have Sublimity large in combination exhibit a

FIG. 72.-REV. PHILLIPS BROOKS, D.D. (LEC

TURER, PREACHER, WRITER.)

Conspicuous facial sign, Ideality, shown by the

width of the tip of the nose. The law of straight

line and curve governs the face. Economy, Con

scientiousness, Modesty, Love of Young and Country, Friendship, Perseverance, Love of Time, Order, Memory of Events, Intuition, Pneumativeness, Benevolence, Amativeness, Analysis, Hope are all strongly developed. All who heard or have read the life of Phillips Brooks have felt an inspiration from the qualities of this man which give so much for such apparent small returns and his life work,

rounded appearance at the sides of the tip. This is more particularly the form of the tip of the noses of those artists whose sublime works of art, invention, and discovery have immortalized them. The reader is referred to the portraits of the masterminds in all these fields of labor.

A secondary base of Ideality is to be found in that peculiar, fine quality of the muscular system which gives fineness, flexibility, and sensitiveness to its motions, and also that degree of flexibility of joints as well as of muscles which allows a free and easy movement of all parts, and which has the muscular sense so developed as to aid the automatic motions

however, has had far reaching effect, although he which the musician, painter, singer, dancer, linguist,

actor, elocutionist, orator, and inventor must have to carry forward their work. In each of these classes the muscles must be so responsive as to become spontaneously automatic, and respond intuitively and involuntarily, as it were (after a certain number of repetitions), to the sensations which call them forth.

Another secondary base is found in the high development of the sexual instinct, which in its refined state creates love of the beautiful of the opposite sex and a desire to reproduce it physically,

or mentally, by pen, brush, or chisel, as in poetry, paintings, or statuary, or to enact beautiful ideal characters upon the stage. The fundamental desire of Ideality is reproduction or duplication of ideal types or images of beautiful men, women, birds, beasts, or characters. In this way Ideality is very closely related to the constructive, creative powers of the sexual system.

Ideality, like all other human faculties, is adapted to the recognition and enjoyment of the beautiful here in this world, and by imagination the mind

is able to roam to other spheres and sing in tones of sweetest melody of the glories and splendors of the life hereafter. In fact, this faculty is adapted to perfection, and who can doubt that ultimate perfection is the aim of a progressive evolution? The teachings of science point to this, and show us by myriad lessons that this is the destiny of the human mind and body; for both rise or fall together, as I have shown in these pages, and as all the sciences which treat of human existence prove, if rightly interpreted. The aim and office of Ideality is to refine and exalt all the faculties in combination, hence it is a faculty of high quality. Ideality can be best expressed by those who are keenly sensitive

FIG. 73.-MR. H. RIDER HAGGARD. (NOVELIST.)

Born in England. Conspicuous facial sign, Ideality, shown by width of the tip of the nose. The law of the straight line and curve governs this face. The basis of this gentleman's talent, the vegetative system, is well developed. Conscience, Firmness, Love of Home, of Country, and of Young are marked. So, also, are Benevolence, Economy, Alimentiveness, Modesty, Approbativeness, Friendship, Self-esteem, Hospitality, Pneumativeness, and Color are manifest. In the nose the signs for Ideality, Sublimity, Mental Imitation, Analysis, and Construction are large. Acquisition, Veneration, Executiveness, Reason, and Self-will are most apparent; while Form, Size, Observation, Locality, Calculation, Time, Order, Memory of Events, and Language are conspicuous. Prescience is noticeable, and a good degree of Intuition. It is the presence of so large a development of the faculties of Prescience, Credenings their peculiarly weird and strange character. Language is most fluent, and, combined with the faculties of Form, Size, and Locality in excess, gives the writer power to visualize the singular beings which he portrays by his pen.

civeness, and Ideality that gives to this author's writ

and able by virtue of their sensations to receive and reproduce by voice, pen, pencil, brush, and chisel the impressions derived from Nature and character. All great poets depend upon the power of this trait, assisted by Language and Constructiveness, to enable them to write the songs which arouse the heart of a nation to patriotic endeavor; to raise the mind to loftier aspirations for a higher life; to create the most ecstatic enjoyment of the beautiful scenes of Nature which the poet paints with his pen when he brings up

before our mental vision the loveliness of glen and grove, the grandeur of the lofty mountain, the beauty of the star-decked sky, the sweet serenity of the moonlit vale, or the solemn hush of the early dawn when the "lark at Heaven's gate sings." All these the poet, who is touched with true Parnassian fire, spreads before those who are responsive, and with such vividness and reality as to bring these scenes out before their enchanted gaze in boldest relief. Those who are capable of appreciating these ideal beauties are lost in admiration of the skill and genius which, by a few strokes of the pen, can impart that supernal enjoyment which is derived from the works of Tennyson, Bryant, Whittier, Milton, Wordsworth, Shelley, and other great poet-painters.

Combe very correctly expresses the true use and function of Ideality when he writes:

It is a faculty purely of enjoyment,-one whose sole use is to refine and exalt and extend the range of our other powers; to confer on us higher susceptibilities of improvement and a keener relish for all that is great and glorious in the universe.*

Ideality, like all the higher traits, is not confined to nobles or kings, but finds its home in the peasant's cot and humble dwelling as well. It tells not only that its possessor is refined, but shows that some of his ancestors belonged to the "nobility," for traits of quality are not formed in a generation; and so one not only announces his own character by what he says and does, but at the same time discloses the prominent tastes of his ancestors, near or remote, for like produces like, and our deeds do follow us to even the tenth generation and beyond.

Great diversities of degree of this faculty are exhibited by different nations. It is not so large in the English as in the French, nor so general; the dress and manners of the two races prove this. It is more universally characteristic of the Americans than of the English, for education, money, and opportunities for travel are more accessible to the masses of the former country, and these are all potent factors in the culture of æsthetics. Then, too, the great admixture of high races in America gives more flexible muscles, and these lead to and assist adaptability to new conditions, while the strong bones combined with the sturdy, unyielding muscles of the English tell directly against that flexibility so essential to ideal improvement. It is these staunch elements which make the English so enduring, hardy, loyal, overbearing, and immovable, and produce the set, rigid, brusque, rude manner and conversation which Emerson so aptly portrays in his "English Traits." These quali

*Combe's Lectures on Phrenology, p. 219.

ties which make the glory of England prevent the people from being as tasteful, polite, amiable, and art-loving_as the French. The national peculiarity of the structure of the English he thus describes:

It is the fault of their forms that they grow stocky, and the women have that disadvantage,—few tall, slender figures of flowing shape, but stunted and thick-set persons. The French say that Englishmen have two left hands. They are round, ruddy, and handsome, at least, the whole bust is well formed, and there is a tendency to stout and powerful frames.*

Of their immovability he observes:—

He has stamina; he has that aplomb which results from a good adjustment of the moral and physical nature, and the obedience of all the powers to the will, as if the axes of his eyes were united to his backbone and only moved with the trunk.†

This description discloses to us that the peculiar staunchness, tenacity, integrity, and lack of Ideality of the English is the result of their peculiar conformation, possessing short, square bones and round muscles, with a good development of the vegetative system; they lack the flexibility which long, round bones and round muscles. produce, together with the creative and imaginative powers which accompany the latter and which are peculiarly the endowment of the French and Italian, as well as common to all the Celtic race. Yet the English have their compensation for this lack of imagination; they have the sturdy qualities which make a progressive civilization rapid and thorough, viz., veracity, honor, mutual confidence, loyalty to principle, and all the sterner traits which belong to an advanced race. Emerson quotes Madame De Stael as saying that

The English irritated Napoleon mainly because they have found out how to unite success with honesty.‡

The French show by their structure that the possession of the finer and more ornate qualities is at the expense of the more sterling and responsible ones. They possess a sensitive nervous system; long, round bones and long, round muscles-the combination which shows the right construction for the fine arts, for poetry, acting, painting, and a passion for war, which is led on by one of the dominant traits of their structure, viz., Approbativeness, and, this trait being a natural one, the glory of France is the true Frenchman's highest ambition. Of course, honesty is found among the French and poetic imagination among the English, but these traits are relative, taste, politeness, love of ornamentation, and

* English Traits, R. W. Emerson, p. 71.
† 1bid., p. 108.

Ibid., p. 122.

imagination being more universally exhibited by the French, and veracity, honor, principle, conservatism, rudeness, bluntness, and practicality by the English masses.

The faculty of Ideality, strange as it may seem to some, is a great aid to scientists and scientific research, for the mind that would soar to Parnassian heights in poetry, or to celestial space in astronomy, must be able with the mental vision to see "apparent pictures of unapparent natures." This is the faculty which has aided in the discovery of many great natural laws, and the physiognomies of most of the master-minds in invention and science exhibit the sign for Ideality large. Applicable to this topic Emerson tells us that

Plato had signified the same sense when he said: "All the great arts require a subtle and speculative research into the law of Nature, since loftiness of thought and perfect mastery over every subject seem to be derived from some such source as this."*

All the great scientists recognize this truth, and it is often noted by them in their writings, and the result of German imagination is given us in the works of their great scientific discoverers, who are the grandest generalizers in scientific research. The capacity for generalizing is, as Emerson very justly observes, "a poetic sense. It is indebted to Sublimity for the vastness of conception, and of this trait the insular English have very little. Of their science Emerson remarks:

But, for the most part, the natural science in England is as void of imagination and free play of thought as conveyancing. It stands in strong contrast with the genius of the Germans, those semi-Greeks who love analogy, and by means of that height of view preserve their enthusiasm and think for Europe.†

The following extract from the writings of Johannes Müller, one of Germany's most gifted naturalists and scientific discoverers, elucidates the faculty which is being discussed. He observes thus:

The Imagination is an indispensable faculty, for it is that which by forming new combinations occasions important discoveries. The naturalist needs both the discriminating powers of abstract reason and the generalizing power of the imagination, and that the two should be harmoniously inter-related. If the proper balance of these faculties is destroyed the naturalist is hurried into chimerical fancies by his imagination, while the same gift leads the gifted naturalist of sufficient strength of reason to the most important discoveries.‡

* English Traits, R. W. Emerson, p. 240,

Ibid., p. 253.

Quoted from the Evolution of Man, Ernst Haeckel, vol. ii, p. 107.