laws on the statute-books were swept out of existence. Yet this class owe to their ancestors a developed mental and moral nature, who, by the laws of evolution and natural selection have first built up and then transmitted to their offspring uncommon integrity, reason, and veneration.

EXECUTIVENESS.

Definition.-Capacity for governing; love of domination; decision, mental force; ability to perform, consummate, and achieve plans, purposes, and duties; sense of thoroughness; mental courage, resolution. The jurist, commander, presiding officer, captain, and superintendent all rely upon this faculty for their ability to execute and enforce law. It is the base of enterprise, reform, and vigorous action, and makes the natural leader.

An excess causes despotism, undue harshness, and severity in executing laws; and makes the parent, teacher, and superintendent too exacting and overbearing.

A deficiency creates weakness of character, with no ability for self-control, and no power to fill executive positions. When quite marked, the character will be noted for inertia, feebleness of mind, lack of energy and enterprise.

Facial and Bodily Signs.-The sign for Executiveness is found in the bridge of the nose just above Veneration. It is known by height and breadth of the nasal bones and development of the pyramidalis nasi muscle. The most executive noses are long and broad as well as high, with large nostrils, large mouth, and large eyes (not projecting).

Secondary signs are strong: plentiful supply of hair, luxuriant beard, squareness of the bones; strong, large hands and feet; bushy eyebrows and hair.

Lack of Executiveness is shown by a small nose depressed at this point, or by a small, straight nose and small mouth, small hands and feet, deficient muscles, feeble digestion, and small lungs.

DESCRIPTION OF EXECUTIVENESS.-The physiological base of Executiveness is traced to the osseous and muscular systems. The location of its local sign in the bony ridge of the nose is one proof. Its curved shape where it is prominent is evidence of its muscular origin. Observation of the forms of the most executive persons in every department of action reveals the fact that in them there is such a combination of bone and muscle as to facilitate the operation of this faculty. Again, other evidence is afforded by the large size of the mouth and nostrils. These two signs show visceral vigor, and strength of the lungs, stomach, and heart gives force and power to all the mental operations. Most particularly is

this assistance needed by those who take command of perilous and arduous enterprises and vast and immense plans for warfare, commerce, and government, or in engineering, architecture, etc.

The principal facial sign for Executiveness adjoins the sign for the stomach, and hence shows its near relationship to that organ, while it forms the highest point of the nose and thus discloses its relationship to the function of breathing and to the devel

Conspicuous facial sign, Executiveness. The law of the straight line, angle, and curve governs this countenance. The signs for Conscientiousness, Firmness, Benevolence, Patriotism, Love of Home, Love of Young, Amativeness, Economy, Sanativeness, Selfesteem, and Friendship are well developed. In the nose the signs for Human Nature, Veneration, Executiveness, and Self-will are most decided. Language is large;

opment of the thorax. Now, the stomach and heart are muscular organs, and to the high development of these organs and the integrity of the bony system the executive individual is indebted

for his physical power. A man with a large, high, and broad nose shows that all of these organs are strong and powerful. He therefore gets his activity and energy from the development of these muscular organs as well as from the entire muscular system, and he gets his stability from large and strong bones, while his directive power and intelligence are derived from a brain that is the

so also are Order, Form, Size, Reason, Memory of Events, manifesting organ of this

and Intuition. The life-work of this benevolent woman has an international fame. Her principal work in time of war was on the battle-field, caring for the wounded soldiers. Miss Barton has proved that women citizens will not shirk the duties of citizenship on the battle

field. She is an ardent champion of woman's rights, and

lives up to her professions in this direction as far as the law permits. The wide, straight mouth and bright eyes

indicate eloquence. The face as a whole denotes Integ. rity, Benevolence, Sympathy, Energy, Ability to Command, Logic, and Practicality.

This analysis simplifies very materially the process of reading character. Formerly

peculiar structure.

the method was to ascribe all power to the brain, but the largest and most powerful brain in the world, unsupported by powerful muscles and a good bony framework, could not take command of a steamship in a hurricane nor quell a dangerous mob, nor perform any act requiring prompt and heroic conduct or longsustained mental and physical efforts. A strong visceral organization is also essential to supply the force, resolution, and courage which commanders require. Accordingly, we find that men who hold important positions, where courage, decision and authority

are required, are broad-chested, broad-shouldered, and have a capacious abdominal system. The head is broad, and they are altogether built upon the broad plan. A large-brained man with. narrow shoulders, flat abdomen, small, spindling limbs and small hands and feet could not command a steamship nor put down a riot, nor sit for months in a crowded court-room passing upon the judicial questions involved in important lawsuits. Neither could such a one lead a vast

pioneering scheme nor command an army in the field, nor pass hours in the laboratory experimenting. No, my readers, brain alone is not competent for any of these mighty works; and when the eminent metaphysician, Sir W. Hamilton, wrote

"On Earth there is nothing great but man,

In man there is nothing great but mind,"

FIG. 84.-WILLIAM H. SEWARD. (TEACHER,
AUTHOR, LAWYER, STATESMAN, AND ORATOR.)

Born in New York, 1801. Conspicuous facial sign,
Executiveness. The law of the straight line and curve
governs this face. The dominant expression of the face
Energy. The signs for Firmness, Conscientiousness,

Patriotism, Love of Home, and of Young are well defignitude. The sign for Human Nature is most

The nose announces a mind of the first

he spoke from the old metaphysical stand-point, and not from a scientific understanding of man. Man's mind is truly great only when he has a grand body to sustain it. The men of action in the world,-those who have advanced the interests of humanity,-who have assisted most in the attainment of a high civilization, have possessed good feeding and breathing powers, large bones, and strong muscles. Look, for example, at the fine bodily structures of Hippocrates, Aristotle, Socrates, Agricola, Francis Bacon, Baron Cuvier, Baron Humboldt, Count Rumford, Sir Moses Montifiore, Father Mathew, John Howard, Abraham Lincoln, Farragut, George Washington, Daniel Webster, John Bright, D'Alembert, Dr. William Harvey, Martin Luther, John Bunyan, and Theodore Roosevelt, and observe in each case that the signs for good breathing and sound digestion are prominent. Men of action must first be good animals, and then, with the assistance of the brain and nerves, may arrive at distinction.

extraordinarily apparent, while Mental Imitation, Hope, Analysis, Sublimity, Ideality, Constructiveness, Acquisitiveness, Veneration, Executiveness, Self-will, and Observation are very prominent. Language, Reason, Order, Time, and Practicality are also well developed, forming altogether the face of a great man, whose power has been acknowledged in the four quarters of the globe.

In all departments of life's activities the power and ability to command and control is required, and, as in civilized countries law and order are the most desirable conditions, the ability to execute law and maintain order must be considered one of the most useful as well as one of the most eminent traits in the human character. In the savage races force or fear is the means by which compliance to rule or law is obtained, and very little, if any, pure intellect enters into the actions of those who govern; hence, we know that Executiveness is a faculty of highly-developed character. All of the signs of character found upon the ridge of the nose are the signs of perfected evolution, and he who is able to govern a state, command an army, direct a large body of workers, or lead a great enterprise must possess the faculty of self-control in a large measure, and this enables him to control others. The local sign for Executiveness lies adjacent to the sign for Veneration, and its upper side joins the local facial sign for Self-will,—a faculty which assists in commanding.

Where the sign for Executiveness is large it forms the sort of nose denominated the "Roman nose," from its resemblance to those noses observed in the portraits of many Roman generals, statesmen, and orators. There are many different degrees of this form. Some present a scarcely noticeable rise above the straight outline of the ridge of the nose. Where this slight rise in its outline is present the disposition is inclined more to self-control than to command others, and gives to the character nobility and high aspiration, and shows it to be above low and vulgar methods of thought and action. Where the rise is still higher and broad the governing ability is quite apparent, and exhibits the power of command required by the leader, teacher, foreman, superintendent, judge, or general. The ability to execute law and to command men makes one bold, resolute, daring, prompt, decisive, and cool in time of danger. It often assumes the aggressive form, especially when found in the physiognomies of military leaders and of discoverers. We see this sign most conspicuously displayed in the portraits and busts of Hannibal, Julius Cæsar, Charlemagne, the Duke of Wellington, John Sobieski, Amerigo Vespucci, De Soto, Henry Hudson, Sir John Franklin, and in the faces of all who have become known to history for their ability to lead large bodies of men in aggressive movements or in difficult and dangerous enterprises. Many great naval commanders exhibit this sign of character and possess its accompanying characteristics. In natural superintendents, foremen, and managers this trait will manifest its presence by some modification of this sign, either small or large. Men whose noses present the opposite appearance, and are low

and depressed in the centre, will never succeed in positions of authority. The physiognomy of Admiral Sir Charles Napier is an admirable illustration of Executiveness, and is most suggestive of a lion in its expression. All of the courageous and powerful animals of the carnivora have a strong visceral structure and their wide noses and broad, open nostrils announce great breathing power, while their wide mouths tell us of fine digestive capacity and the large joints betoken strong bones and compact muscles.

The more timid animals are less powerfully organized in these departments of their natures. Comparing the form of the bull-dog with that of the greyhound and their relative courage and endurance, we observe that in the case of the bull-dog a physiology suited to his disposition is the cause of his aggressive spirit, and that a lack of the same power in the greyhound is the cause of his timidity and peaceful character. In one, the width of the body and nose reveals power, endurance, courage, and force; in the other, the long, slim body and long, narrow nose announce a peaceful, timid disposition, without aggressive force of any kind.

A popular error ascribes to the brain nearly all of the powers of the body and mind, and conveys the idea that if one possess a large head with a high forehead he will be capable of almost any mental effort. The truth is that a person with a large brain, small lungs, weak stomach, small abdomen, and small hands and feet is about as useful as a "last year's butterfly," and heavily weighted in life's struggle for existence. I do not care how large the brain is or how high its quality, a much smaller brain with a good physiological structure will show a far more useful character. It takes a good digestion, a strong heart, active lungs, and a fair quality of bone and muscle to make a large brain effective, otherwise it is a positive detriment when great decision, valor, energy, and intrepidity are required. A large brain is less useful than a large body with a small brain. I do not mean a fat body, but a strong-boned, well-knit, muscular one, with sufficient adipose tissue to give warmth and heat, and this assists in producing force. Steam cannot be created without fire, and carbon in the human body creates force and energy. The forms of nearly all steamship commanders are characterized by a large bony system, powerful muscles, a round and solid body of medium weight, and a medium-sized, broad brain. The engineers of steamships are nearly all short, broad men, with broad heads; short, thick necks; large, high, and broad noses, with broad chins; and here we have the build for coolness, intrepidity, courage, instant decision, and constancy, the best form to stay a panic or put down a mutiny. Men of this formation of body are unflinching in the discharge of