Khazaria in the Ninth and Tenth CenturiesIn Khazaria in the Ninth and the Tenth Centuries Boris Zhivkov offers a new view on Khazaria by scrutinizing the different visions offered by recent scholarship. The paucity of written sources has made it necessary to turn to additional information about the steppe states in this period, and to analyze exceptional cases not directly related to the Khazars. In re-examining the Khazars, he thus uses not only the known documentary sources and archaeological finds but also what we know from history of religions (comparative mythology), history of art, structural anthropology and folklore studies. In this way the book draws together a synthesis of conclusions, information and theory. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
Maps | 8 |
The Difficult Reconciliation of Steppe Traditions with Judaic Monotheism | 17 |
The Late Ninth and Tenth Centuries | 127 |
Chapter 3 Khazaria and International Trade in Eastern Europe in the Late Ninth and Tenth Centuries | 147 |
Economic Integration or Disintegration? | 171 |
Chapter 5 The Internal Ethnic Communities in Khazaria | 221 |
Conclusion | 268 |
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| 317 | |
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Common terms and phrases
According agricultural Alanian Alans archaeological Artamonov Artamonov 1962 Ashina assumes Baranov Bulgars burial Byzantine Byzantium Cambridge Document Caspian Caucasus coins Constantine Porphyrogenitus Crimea cult Dagestan Danube Bulgaria deity dirhams Dnieper Don Region Dunlop dynasty Dzhetyasar Eastern Europe eighth century ethnic groups Flerova fortresses goddess Golden Gumilev hillfort Huns inhabited Iranian Itil Judaism Judaization Kangju khaganate’s Khazanov Khazar dual kingship Khazar Khaganate Khazar ruler Joseph Khazaria Khwarezm Kievan Rus king Kliashtornyi and Sultanov Kradin lands lower reaches Magomedov Magyars Maiko Middle Asia migration monuments ninth nomadic Noonan Northern Black Sea notion Novosel’tsev 1990 Oghuz Pechenegs Petrukhin Pletneva population Pritsak Rashev regarding river Romashov sacral Saltovo culture Sarkel Sarmatian Scythian sedentary settlements seventh century Severski Donets similar steppe steppe empires steppe zone stock-breeding Stoianov Syr Darya tarkhan tenth century territory theory tion Togarmah Tortika trade tradition tribes Turkic Turks Vainberg Volga Bulgaria Zakhoder