The State: Its History and Development Viewed Sociologically |
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The State: Its History and Development Viewed Sociologically Franz Oppenheimer No preview available - 2018 |
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amalgamation ancient arms barter become capital cattle Celts central power chieftains clan class-state colonies common freemen conquest contest coöperative developed feudal differentiation district division of labor dominion economic means Empire equal estates example exchange existing exploitation feudal system fight force foreign Fulbe genesis German German Empire heaval Henceforth herds hordes human huntsmen Hyksos increase interests Karl Marx king landed nobility landed property landlord loot lords Ludwig Gumplowicz maritime mass master class master group ment merchants military mobile tribe modern Mommsen nobility nobles nomads nomic officials Oppenheimer organization original ovum payments in kind peace peaceable peasantry peasants piracy plebs political means primitive feudal protection race Ratzel reason robbery rulers sea nomads serfs slavery slaves social sociological stage subjects subjugated territorial magnate theory Thurnwald tion trade tribe of herdsmen tribute universal history velopment warlike wealth whereby
Popular passages
Page 13 - Since land could not have acquired "natural scarcity," the scarcity must have been "legal." This means that the land has been preempted by a ruling class against its subject class, and settlement prevented. Therefore the State, as a class-state, can have originated in no other way than through conquest and subjugation.
Page 15 - The State, completely In its genesis, essentially and almost completely during the first stages of Its existence, is a social institution, forced by a victorious group of men on a defeated group, with the sole purpose of regulating the dominion of the victorious group over the vanquished, and securing itself against revolt from within and attacks from abroad. Teleologically, this dominion had no other purpose than the economic exploitation of the vanquished by the victors.
Page 5 - Every state in history," says Oppenheimer, "was or is a state of classes, a polity of superior and inferior groups, based upon distinctions of rank or of property. This phenomenon must then be called the state.
Page 16 - Tartars, Turks; on the Nile, Hyksos, Nubians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Turks; in Greece, the Doric States are typical examples; in Italy, Romans, Ostrogoths, Lombards, Franks, Germans; in Spain, Carthaginians, Visigoths, Arabs; in Gaul, Romans, Franks, Burgundians, Normans; in Britain, Saxons, Normans.
Page 20 - The State grew from the subjugation of one group of men by another. Its basic justification, its raison d'etre, was and is the economic exploitation of those subjugated.
Page 167 - ... impersonal feature leaves little room for suspiciousness which relates chiefly to persons. The city mind if it can be classified at all in contrast to the rural is, roughly speaking, critically intellectual. Franz Oppenheimer in The State has succinctly contrasted the two types in the following : The psychology of the townsman, and especially of the dweller in the maritime commercial city, is radically different from that of the countryman. His point of view is freer and more inclusive. Even...
Page 96 - ... formulated it for the general relation of conquered to conqueror, " In consequence, therefore, of a simple logical inversion, the exploited or subject group is regarded as an essentially inferior race, as unruly, tricky, lazy, cowardly and utterly incapable of selfrule or self-defence, so that any uprising against the imposed dominion must necessarily appear as a revolt against God Himself and against His moral ordinances.
Page 290 - From war to peace, from the hostile splitting up of the hordes to the peaceful unity of mankind, from brutality to humanity, from the exploiting state of robbery to the Freeman's citizenship...
Page 27 - The State is an organization of the political means. No State, therefore, can come into being until the economic means has created a definite number of objects for the satisfaction of needs, which objects may be taken away or appropriated by warlike robbery.
Page 27 - Oppenheimer, all world history, from primitive times up to our own civilization, presents a single phase, a contest between the economic and the political means; and it can present only this phase until we have achieved free citizenship. The peculiar legal forms and social alignments are governed likewise by economic and political institutions and forces interacting upon one another.