passage by steam to India, in coming a above the highest high water-mark, according same advertisement with exactly the same

North of Wellington Street, Strand
North of Essex Street, Strand
West of Coventry Street
South of St. James's Street
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North of Drury Lanewozib
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South of Orchard Street, you
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For Dick was a bard, and his wife was a drab.
North side of Aqueduct crossing Re-1 T
gent's Canal
1029640
Bon-mot.-The Chevalier d'Eon was one
Opposite south end of King Street,aolos sis
day asked by his late majesty, whether M.
Great George Street uafit enlig bs51960 Chauvelier, a military man, who succeeded
The whole of Westminster, except the Ab-him in the embassy from France, had ever
bey and part of Horseferry Road, is below taken any places? None, sire, except
the level of the highest tide.
mine,' was the reply.

Pigeon Flying-On Monday, four pigeons Three per Cent. Consols.-This stock was were let off from the vicinity of Stamford, at the highest in June, 1737, viz., 107; and for London, where one arrived in two hours at the lowest in June, 1797, 474 in 1792, and thirteen minutes, and another in three it was 96; in April, 1824, 96; and is now hours, the remaining two did not return un-883. til next morning. The distance is 84 miles, When Bonaparte and the Archduke Charles

of Austria were about to meet for the negoWorks just published.-Life of Paul Jones, 7s. 6d-Parvo,' without suspicion, even in the House of Peers tiation of peace in a private garden which 8vo. 18s-Boys' Key to the Psalms, 8vo. 8s. 6d-Le Chandler's Travels in Asia Minor, by Revett, two vols, Literary Gazette. No. 436. had been declared neutral ground, the first Tresor de l'Ecolier Francais, 3-Hansard's Debates, difficulty was the Emperor of Germany's foot's Works, thirteen vols. 74. 16s-Swinburne on Vol 12th, February to April 1825, IZ 11s. 6d-Light claim of precedency. This Bonaparte at Descents. 10, 6d -Fashionable Letter-Writer, 24 6d. once conceded: 'The republic,' said he, 'I-Doblado's Letters from Spain, 14s. represent, is too great to contend for a vain ceremony.'

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informing the Nobility, Gentry, and the Public,

and last letters, and left it espice fine (fine sale. The most celebrated voed and instrumental Day. By Geo G Catey, Esq. Editor of The Artisan."

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Jast published, by R. Ackermann, 101, Strand,

A PICTURESQUE and DESCRIPTIVE they ass, better adapted eiland on any publication of

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RENEES: comprising twenty-four coloured Views of
the most interesting Scenes, from original Drawings,
taken on the Spot; with some Account of the Bathing
Establishments in that Department of France. By J.
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The Author attends private Pupils in English Grammar and Composition, and in the Latin, Greek, of Anecdotes, Satires, smart Sayings, &c. relating to French, and Spanish Languages; if either of the modern acquired during a residence on the Continent) be not tongues (the true pronunciation of which has been fully taught in one hundred lessons, every additional New Bond Street, ito at 24 Ply Street, Booker's, Ol.

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Forming an Analysis and General Repository of Literature, Philosophy, Science, Arts, History, Biography, Antiquities, Morals, Manners, the Drama, and Amusements.

Brief Index to the present Number :-Reviews: Life of Paul Joues, 609; Descriptive Tour in the High Pyrenees, 612; The Slave Trade-Additional Papers, 613; The Broken Heart, with other Poems, G14; Public Education, G15; D. Junii Juvenalis Satiri, 616; An Essay addressed to the Navy, 616; Complete Angler, 616, The Linguist, 616; The Mighty Reviewers, 617; Rules for discovering who was Junius, 617.-Original: Observations ou Fairs: Immorality in Low and High Life, G18; Depated Skeletons, Departing Merriment, &c. 619; Negro Crimes and Negro Punishments, 620; Description of Salem, 620-Biography: Mr. Ravenhill, 621.-Original Poetry: The Pleasures of Poetry, 622.-The Drama, 623.-Literature and Science, 022-The Bee, 623.

No. 332.

LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1825.

REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS.

the American Congress resolved to proceed The Life of Paul Jones, from Original Do- to reprisal, for the maritime aggressions of cuments in the Possession of JouN HENRY Great Britain, a naval force was prepared, SHERBURNE, Esq., Register of the Navy and Jones, who had just completed his twenof the United States. Post 8vo. pp. 320.ty-eighth year, was appointed a first lieuteLondon, 1825. Murray. nant in the American navy. The first proIT would, we think, be quite as easy for Paul ceedings of the American squadron were not Jones to justify his rebellion and piracy, as successful: it failed in an attack on one of for the rulers of France, Russia, and the the Bahama isles, and the American seamen United States, to vindicate the purity of their were panic struck at a few broadsides from motives, in honouring him with their especial the Glasgow man-of-war.. On account of favour and friendship. Paul Jones was, the latter rencontre, public discontent caused however, no ordinary man; to a desperate two court-martials to be held, the result of courage, he added considerable attainments, which was the promotion of Jones to the and, though a rebel and a pirate, he some-command of the Providence. Jones felt a times displayed a chivalric honour worthy of deep interest in advancing the American a better cause. Five-and-twenty years, as navy, but the officers, as our author candidly the author of the volume before us observes, acknowledges, were not only inefficient in in his preface, 'have not elapsed since the their professional conduct, but unskilful in nurses of Scotland hushed their crying in- the general encouragement.' In the letters fants by the whisper of his name, and chap- of Jones, extracts from which are published books are even now to be purchased, in in the work before us, he offers much earnest which he is depicted in all the plenitude of and useful advice on the formation of the terrific glory, the rival of Blackbeard, and navy. To what cause we are to attribute his the worthy successor of the Buccaneers. enmity we know not, but he displayed throughout a most rancorous hatred of this country. Jones was y active and very successful :--

The life of this extraordinary adventurer is compiled from some documents which were formerly in the possession of the late Robert Hyslop, Esq. of New York, on whose death they were obtained by Mr. George A. Ward, who parted with them to John Henry Sherburne, Esq. the register of the United States Navy. Of their authenticity there seems no doubt; we do, however, think a better use might have been made of them, and of the other facilities the author possessed, than has been done in the volume before us, which, though highly interesting, might have been rendered more so, by a better arrangement, and more attention to the style of the narra

tive.

Price 6.

ten at this time, with a statement of his debts and debtors, he gives a striking proof of his filial affection. As I hope,' says he, in a letter written in 1777, my dear mother is still alive, I must inform you, that I wish my property in Tobago, or in England, after paying my just debts, to be applied for her support.'

While the British troops occupied a great portion of America, Paul Jones formed a plan for attacking the coast of England. He sailed for France, aad had the honour of the first salute the American flag had received; he then determined to make a descent on Whitehaven :-

'The harbour of Whitehaven was one of the most important in Great Britain, containing generally four hundred sail, and some of a very considerable size. The town itself contained near 60,000 inhabitants, and was strongly fortified. When night came on, the wind became so light, that the Ranger could not approach as near the shore as its commander had originally intended. At midnight, therefore, he left the ship, with two boats and thirty-one men, who volunteered to accompany him. As they reached the outpier, the day began to dawn: in spite, howAt the end of the year 1776, he was im-ever, of this circumstance, Jones determined mediately appointed to the command of a not to abandon the enterprise, but, despatch squadron in thode Island. The chief pointing one boat with Lieutenant Wallingford of this expedition was Isle Royal. In his with the necessary combustibles to the north way to this place, Jones fell in with the Mel- side of the harbour, he proceeded with the lish, an armed vessel from Liverpool; this other party to the southern side. There was ship he captured, and he found that it con- a dead silence when Jones, at the head of his tained 10,000 suits of uniform, which were party, scaled the walls. He succeeded in intended for the army of General Burgoyne. spiking all the cannon of the first fort; and It so happened, that at this moment the troops the sentinels, being shut up in the guardof Washington were almost destitute of cloth-house, were fairly surprised. Having sucing. The capture of the Mellish was, there- ceeded thus far, Jones, with only one man, fore, most opportune, and tended, in no slight spiked up all the cannon on the southern degree, to increase the reputation of Jones. fort, distant from the other a quarter of a After capturing many prizes, the commander mile. of the little squadron arrived at Isle Royal. All the buildings appropriated to the whale and cod fisheries were destroyed, together with a very valuable transport; but the chief object of the expedition, which was to release the Americans who were confined in the coal mines there, was not effected. Jones complained strongly to Mr. Hewes of the conduct of the officers under him-" it completely overset the expedition."

John Paul Jones was born in July, 1747, at Arbegland, in the stewartry of Kirkubright, in Scotland; his father, John Paul, was a gardener, and young Paul received the rudiments of his education at the parochial school of Kirkbean. He had an early predilection for a seafaring life, and, at the age of twelve, he was bound apprentice to a merchant in the American trade, of the name of Younger. Freed from the trammels of apprenticeship, he made several voyages to various parts of Europe and America. In 1773, we find him in Virginia, arranging the The next year, Jones was appointed to the affairs of a brother, who died intestate; and command of the Ranger, with unlimited init is supposed that Paul was under some pe- structions. We shall not,' said the Concuniary difficulties, for he had adopted the gress, limit you to any particular cruising name of Jones. In a letter, written three station, but leave you at large, to search for years afterwards, he alludes to a great mis-yourself where the greatest chance of success fortune which had befallen him, but the na-presents.' Thus honoured, Jones did not ture of which is not known. When in the forget his former situation, when he lived early part of the dispute with our colonies, twenty months on £50, and in a letter writ

VOL. VI.

'These daring exploits being all performed without disturbing a single being, Jones anxiously looked for the expected blaze on the north side of the harbour. His anxiety was further increased, as all the combustibles had been intrusted to the northern party, they, after performing their task, having to join him to fire the shipping on the south side. The anxiously-expected blaze did not, however, appear; Jones hastened to Lieutenant Wallingford, and found the whole party in confusion, their light having burnt out at the instant when it became necessary. By a sad fatality his own division were in the same plight, for, in hurrying to the southern party, their candles had also burnt out. The day was breaking apace, and the failure of the expedition seemed complete. Any other commander but Jones would, in this pre

30

dicament, have thought himself fortunate in making his retreat good; but Jones would not retreat. He had the boldness to send a man to a house detached from the town to ask for a light; the request was successful, and fire was kindled in the steerage of a large ship, which was surrounded by at least one hundred and fifty others, chiefly from two to four hundred tons burden. There was not time to fire any more than one place, and Jones's care was to prevent that one from being easily extinguished. After some search a barrel of tar was found, and poured into the flames, which now burnt up from all the hatchways. "The inhabitants," says Jones in his letter to the American commissioners, "began to appear in thousands, and individuals ran hastily towards us; I stood between them and the ship on fire, with a pistol in my hand, and ordered them to retire, which they did with precipitation. The flames had already caught the rigging, and began to ascend the mainmast; the sun was a full hour's march above the horizon, and as sleep no longer ruled the world, it was time to retire; we reembarked without opposition. After all my people had embarked, I stood upon the pier for a considerable time, yet no persons advanced; I saw all the eminences around the town covered with the enraged inhabitants.

"When we had rowed to a considerable distance from the shore, the English began to run in vast numbers to their forts. Their disappointment may be easily imagined, when they found at least thirty cannon, the instruments of their vengeance, rendered useless. At length, however, they began to fire; having, as I apprehend, either brought down ship-guns, or used one or two cannon which lay on the beach at the foot of the walls, dismantled, and which had not been spiked. They fired with no direction, and the shot falling short of the boats, instead of doing any damage, afforded us some diversion, which my people could not help showing by firing their pistols, &c. in return of the salute. Had it been possible to have landed a few hours sooner, my success would have been complete; not a single ship out of more than two hundred could possibly have escaped, and all the world would not have been able to have saved the town."

"The Serapis, forty-four guns, was one of the finest frigates in his majesty's navy, and had been off the stocks only a few months. Her crew were picked men, and she was commanded by Captain Richard Pearson, an officer celebrated, even in the British navy, for his undaunted courage and exemplary conduct. The Bon Homme Richard was an old ship with decayed timbers, and had made four voyages to the East Indies. Many of her guns were useless, and all were an cient. Her crew consisted partly of Americans, partly of French, partly of English, and partly of Maltese, Portuguese, and Malays; and this crew was weak also in numbers, for two boats' crews had been lost on the coast of Ireland; and, to add to accumulated misfortunes, Jones's first lieutenant, and eighteen men in the pilot-boat, did not join the Bon Homine Richard in time for battle.

wind on the enemy's sails forced her stern close to the Bon Homme's bow," so that the ships lay square alongside of each other, the yards being all entangled, and the canuon of each ship touching the opponent's side." This was a bold way of saving a sinking ship, and preventing the effect of eighteen pounders under water!

"The battle," to use Jones's own words, "was fought with unremitting fury" The rammers were run into the respective ships to enable the men to load. The Serapis now fought with the actual view of sinking the enemy, and her broadsides were incessant. The battery of twelve pounders, on which Jones had placed his chief dependance, which was commanded by his only lieutenant, and manned by Americans, was entirely silenced and abandoned; of the six old eighteen pounders that formed the batBefore the engagement commenced, there tery of the lower gun deck, most burst, and was not a man in the Bon Homme Richard killed almost all the men who were stationed who was ignorant of the superiority of the to manage them. At the same time, Colonel Serapis, both in metal and in men. The Chamillard, who commanded a party of Portuguese and the other foreigners could twenty French volunteers on the poop, abanspeak neither French nor English, and, chat-doned his station, after having lost nearly all tering in their native tongues, without ceas- his band. There were only two nine pounders ing, added not a little to the difficulties which on the quarter deck, that were not silenced. presented themselves. The American com- The purser, who commanded the party that mander had nothing to trust to but his own worked these guns, was shot through the undaunted courage and extraordinary skill. head; and Jones, in this critical moment, when he almost required the faculty of ubiquity, was obliged to fill the parser's place. With great difficulty he rallied a few men, and shifted over one of the lee quarter deck guns; these three nine pounders played well, but not one of the heavier cannon of the Bon Homme was fired during the rest of the actin

"The position of the Bon Homme being to windward of the Serapis, the Bon Homme passed ahead of her, and the Serapis came up on the larboard quarter of the American.

The action commenced abreast of each other, and the broadsides were almost simultaneous. The Serapis, however, passed ahead of the Bon Homme with the intention of gaining distance sufficient to rake; but this manœuvre failed, from want of distance; and, to avoid being boarded by the Bon Homme, Captain Pearson sent his helm a-lee. This movement brought the two ships in a line, and the Bon Homme ran her bows into the stern of the Serapis. The English now hailed the Bon Homme, to know whether they had struck. Jones himself answered, "that he had not yet begun to fight." But the truth was, that the broadsides of the Serapis had already produced an effect. The Bon Homme, before eight o'clock, had received several eighteen-pounders under water, and leaked Jones carried off three prisoners, as a very much. Jones received no assistance sample,' as he brutally expresses it. We are from his squadron: the Pallas was engaged amused at his biographer, praising Jones's with the Countess of Scarborough, the Ven zeal for his cause, forgetting that Great Bri-geance held off at a distance, and the Allitain was his country, and that, in adopting ance declined interfering altogether. The America, he became a rebel and a renegade. position in which the two contending frigates Jones afterwards descended on St. Mary's, were now placed was most favourable to and his men (for he refused to join in it) car-Jones, for not a gun could take effect on eiried off the family plate of the Earl of Selkirk; he afterwards captured the Drake, and without denying him great courage, yet his desperate heroism was that of a pirate, who knew capture would be followed by an ignominious death. Jones entered into an elaborate and affected correspondence with the Countess of Selkirk, offering to return the plate, which renders his character somewhat mysterious. After various adventures, we find him again on the English coast, fighting one of the most desperate battles on record:

ther side, and he thus gained some moments
for consideration, which the American com-
mander stood much in need of. Besides her
superior force, he had already perceived that
the English was the much more manageable
ship of the two. The Bon Homme now
backed her top-sails, and those of the Sera-
pis being filled, the ships separated. The
bowsprit of the Serapis now came over the
Bon Homme's poop by the mizen-mast.
Jones darted like a cat upon his prey, and
immediately grappled. The action of the

· Du ing this hot work the American commanuer was fully convinced that sooner or later his ship must sink, yet Commodore Dale, one of the most eminent of the American officers now living, and who was Jones's first lieutenant during the engagement, says, that Jones never once flinched daring the whole conflict; and that even during the greater horrors which are to follow, “nothing could depress his ardour, or change his determination."

'Jones, however, had well lined his tops, and these seconded the exertions of his little battery. He directed the fire of one of the three cannons against the mainmast of the Serapis with double-headed shot, while the two other were equally well served with grape and canister to silence the enemy's musketry and clear her decks. The fire from the tops of the Bon Homme was conducted with such skill and effect, that, ultimately, every man who appeared on the deck of the Serapis was immediately disposed of. Captain Pearson then ordered the survivors to keep below. Here they were not more secure. The pow der monkies of the Serapis finding no officer to receive the eighteen pound cartridges, which it was their duty to supply, threw them on the main deck and then went off for more. These cartridges being scattered along the deck, and many of them being broken, it so happened, that some of the hand gre nades thrown from the fore-yard of the Bon Homme, which was directly over the main

let loose all the prisoners, amounting to near-hundred sail of large ships, at Whitehaven,
ly five hundred, telling them, "to save them- would have been laid in ashes.
selves, as the ship was going to sink."

'He finished by saying, "I have not drawn my sword in our glorious cause for hire; but in the support of the dignity of hu man nature, and in obedience to the genuine divine feelings of philanthropy: I hoisted, with my own hands, the flag of Freedom, the first time it was displayed on the Delaware; I have attended it ever since with veneration on the ocean. I claimed and obtained its first salute from that of France, before our independence was otherwise announced in that kingdom; and no man can wish more ardently to support its rising glory than myself."

hatch of the Serapis, fell upon this powder and produced a most awful explosion. The effect was terrific; more than twenty of the English were blown to pieces. Pearson, as This last misfortune seemed to be decihe afterwards acknowledged, was now on the sive. One prisoner jumped over to the point of surrendering, when the cowardice enemy, and told them, that if they held out a of three of the under officers of the Bon moment longer the enemy must strike "Our Homme induced them to call out "quarter!" rudder," says Jones, in his letter to FrankThe English commander personally demand-lin, "was entirely off; the stern-frame and ed of Jones whether he surrendered; the transoms were almost entirely cut away; the American commander personally answered timbers by the lower deck, especially from in the most decided negative. the mainmast to the stern, being greatly decayed by age, were mangled beyond every power of description; and a person must have been an eye-witness, to have formed a just idea of the tremendous scene of carnage, wreck, and ruin that everywhere appeared." In gaining an order for the dismissal of Yet, notwithstanding this state, notwith-Jones from the Texel, the English ambassastanding that the prisoners were loose, that dor had conceived that his grand object was the ship was on fire in many places, and that obtained; for so completely did the Amerithere was five feet of water in the hold, Jones can frigate appear to be blockaded, that esdetermined to fight on. He observed what cape seemed utterly impossible. One morn his affrighted crew had overlooked-he sawing, however, Jones, with a favouring breeze, the mainmast of the Serapis shake, and his suddenly dashed from his retreat, and, "in practised ear told him, that their firing de- spite of all their cruising-ships and squacreased." He took care that his own should drons," fairly made his escape. I am, my immediately increase; and at half-past ten, dear philosopher," he writes to M. Dumas, in the sight of thousands, the flag of England, "this moment arrived here. We have made which had been nailed to the mast of the Se- our way good through the Channet, in spite rapis, was struck by Captain Pearson's own of the utmost efforts of Britain to prevent it. hands. Her mainmast at the same time went I had the pleasure of laughing, at their exoverboard. pense, as we passed the Downs, in spite of their ships of war, and along the coast, in full view of the Isle of Wight."

"The action now commenced with redoubled fury; Jones still succeeded in keeping the enemy's deck clear; but the fire of their cannon, especially of the lower battery, which was formed of eighteen pounders, was incessant. Both ships were now on fire in several places. The Bon Homme was several times under the necessity of suspending the combat to extinguish the flames, which were often within a few inches of the magazine. The water also gained upon them. "I had two enemies to contend with," said Jones, "besides the English,-fire and water!"

At this moment, the Alliance appeared, and Jones now thought the battle was at an end; but, to his utter astonishment, Landais discharged a broadside full into the stern of the Bon Homme. The crew cried to him, For God's sake to forbear firing into the Bon Homme Richard," but Landais passed along the offside of the ship, and continued his firing. There was no possibility of his mistaking the Bon Homme for the Serapis, for there was the most essential difference in their appearance and construction; it was full moonlight, too, and the sides of the American were all black, and of the Serapis yellow. For greater security, Jones gave the signal of reconnoissance, but nothing availed: the Alliance passed round, firing into her commodore's ship's head, stern, and broadside, and, by one of her volleys, killed several men and wounded a valuable officer. My situation," says Jones, was now really deplorable."

'The Alliance at last sailed off; not, how ever, without giving the Bon Homme several shots under water. This was perfect destruction. The leak gained ground on the pumps, and the fire increased so much on board both ships, that some officers advised Jones to strike," of whose courage and good sense he entertained the highest opinion.'

'It was a grand scene that the Charmel witnessed that night. A numerous fleet had taken refuge under the walls of Scarborough Castle; the Bon Homine and Serapis, joined in an encounter almost unparalleled for its fierceness and duration, finely contrasted with the picturesque and shattered appear

ance of the Pallas and the Countess of Scarborough, now both silenced; and the moon, which was extremely bright and full, lighted up, not only this magnificent scene, but Flamborough Head, and the surrounding heights covered with the inhabitants of all the neighbouring towns.

While the American commodore appeared to be hesitating, whether he should follow the advice of his officers, his master at arms, who was frightened out of his wits, suddenly

Had Napoleon commanded the British frigate, he would hate said, that he "ought to have won." Very probably the brave English captain thought the same.

Before anything, except the wounded, could be removed, the Bon Homme Richard sank. The Countess of Scarborough had previously struck to the Pallas.'

Jones afterwards endeavoured to stir up the Dutch government against us, and his fleet was allowed shelter in the Texel, until, through the interference of our ambassador, an order for his dismissal was obtained :

'As, therefore, in a very short time, the American commander was, in all probability, to close his brief but splendid career, he felt it a duty to draw up a short memoir of his public life, and to transmit it to the American Congress. After a long statement, by which he shows that it has never been his fortune to have possession of means equal to his conceptions, he says of his European exploits, that the first object of fis life" was to secure an exchange of American prisoners in Europe; and my second, to put an end to burnings in America, by nraking one good fire of the English shipping. I succeeded in the first, in a manner far more glorious than my most flattering ideas had expected, when I left France.

In the second, I endeavoured to deserve success; but a wise officer of mine observed, that it was a "rash thing," and that nothing could be got by burning poor people's property. I must, however, do the gentleman the justice to mention his acknowledginent, that he had no turn for enterprise;" and I must also do equal justice to my former officers in the Providence and the Alfred, by declaring, that had they then been with me in the Ranger, two hundred and fifty or three

'But while we admire the admirable skill with which the American commander eluded the snares of his persecutors, with what other feelings shall we view the conduct of that man, who, in a situation of such imminent and extraordinary peril, was calmly employed in scribbling some complimentary stanzas to an absent fair one! Yet such was the fact. The daughter of M. Dumas, like all other fair dames, had made an early impression on the sensitive heart of Paul Jones. The lady wrote very pretty verses to a man pre-eminent for his chivalric gallantry. The neglect which he had been guilty of, in not answering her last verses from the Ifague, appears to have weighed more upon his mind than all the squadrons and remonsrtances of his enemy. The bad condition of the Alliance had prevented Jones's favourite wish of cruising for some time against the enemy before his return to France. Next to not being captured, he was extremely desirous of returning with a capture. He was obliged, however, from the cause we have just stated, to put in at Corogne, from which place he immediately despatched the letter to M. Dumas, from which we have already quoted. "To show you," he continues, "that I am entirely disposed to obey you, I have enclosed un pelit badinage for the virgin muse, but, if I do not find critical mercy, you shall not take me in so a second time."

'As verses composed under such circumstances may perhaps, like a more celebrated effusion, "be considered as a psycological curiosity," the reader will most probably not be displeased with their appearance. Perses written on board the Alliance, off Ushant, the 1st day of January, 1781, immediately