Universities, Academics and the Great SchismThe election of both Urban VI and Clement VII to the papacy in 1378, by the same body of cardinals, presented the church with an apparently insoluble constitutional difficulty. Dr Swanson examines the reaction to this situation from a hitherto unconsidered perspective: that of the universities to whom Europe turned to formulate the theories which would solve the problem. He examines the attempts by the academics to gain support for their various schemes and shows how these produced conflict at various levels: locally, between factions within individual universities; nationally, between rival universities, and between universities and their ecclesiastical and secular superiors; and internationally, as the universities adopted mutually exclusive attitudes and sometimnes clashed with their own popes. The concluding chapters show how the academics finally devised the conciliarist formula which led to the convocation of the Council of Pisa in 1409. |
Contents
THE CONTEXT | 5 |
A MATTER OF LOYALTY | 22 |
DE SCHISMATE EXTINGUENDO | 45 |
A BREATHING SPACE | 70 |
DE SUBTRACTIONE OBEDIENTIE I | 90 |
DE SUBTRACTIONE OBEDIENTIE II | 114 |
DE RESTITUTIONE OBEDIENTIE | 135 |
DE MATERIA CONCILII GENERALIS | 148 |
HAEC SANCTA SYNODUS | 175 |
CONCLUSION | 202 |
Notes on some academic personalities | 209 |
University foundation 13781418 | 216 |
Notes on manuscripts cited | 218 |
225 | |
239 | |
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Common terms and phrases
abdication academics accepted Acta activities allegiance Ancharano Anec Antonius de Butrio appears arguments assembly attack Auct Avignon Avignonese Baldus de Ubaldis Benedict Benedict XIII Benedictine Bliemetzrieder Bologna Boniface Bulaeus Butrio cardinals cessionis Charles Chron church Clement VII Clementist Cologne conciliarism conciliarist concilii Council of Constance Council of Pisa debates declaration discussions dispute ecclesiae ecclesiastical constitution Ehrle election end the schism envoys Epistola facti favour France French Glorieux Gregory XII Heidelberg ibid involvement issue Jean Gerson Johannes king Langenstein letter Martin Orléans Oxford papacy papal Parisian masters Pierre d'Ailly political pope Prague princes problem produced programme quod recognised rejected resign reunification rival Roman rotulus royal schism schismate sent Simon de Cramaud sities statement subtraction of obedience summons theory tion Toulouse tract Tractatus Ullmann univer University of Cologne University of Paris university's Urban Urban VI Urbanist Valois Vienna Vincke withdrawal of obedience Wyclif