which surrounds the village, we soon entered a wild and hilly district, and, while passing over the spur of a rocky eminence on our left, observed, close to the brink of the cliffs overhanging our heads, the huts of the pagan village Búggela, and heard the voices of the natives, while at some distance on our right detached hills, all of which seemed to consist of granite, rose from the rugged and thickly-wooded plain. The rugged nature of this country increases the importance of Badanijo in a strategetical point of view. The country became continually more rocky and rugged, and there was scarcely a narrow path leading through the thick underwood, so that my friend, the pilgrim from Mélle, who rode his tall camel, had the greatest possible trouble to make his way through; however, I had reason to admire his dexterity. All through Negroland, where so many extensive tracts are covered with forest, traveling on camel's back is very troublesome. It was certainly very lucky for us that, for the last five days, scarcely any rain had fallen, otherwise the path would have been extremely difficult.

However, when we reached the village Kurúlu, the country improved, spreading out into wide pastures and cultivated fields, although it remained hilly and rather rugged; even close to the village a lower range appeared, and granite masses projected every where. A short distance farther on I sketched Mount Kurúlu and the heights near it.

seems to prevail almost exclusively; but it was at the time new to me, and I found it extremely nauseous. The paste of white durra, "fári n dáwa," or "báiri dhannéri," is generally so well cooked in A'damáwa, being formed into large rolls of four inches in length, and from two to three inches thick in the middle, that even when cold it is quite eatable, and in this state generally formed my breakfast on the road; for my palatable chébchebé from Kúkawa, like all nice things in the world, were soon gone.

Gradually we entered another rugged wilderness, from which we did not emerge till a quarter before ten o'clock, when a máriná, or dyeing place, indicated the neighborhood of a centre of civilization unusual in this country. A few minutes more, and we reached the northern village of Saráwu, which is inhabited almost exclusively by Bórnu people, and is therefore called Saráwu Beréberé. On the side from which we arrived the village is open, and does not seem to be thickly inhabited, but farther to the south the population is denser. Having halted some time on a small open space in the middle of the village, in the shade of a small terebinth, we were conducted into very excellent quarters, which seem to deserve a short description.

It was a group of three huts, situated in the midst of a very spacious outer yard, which was surrounded by a light fence of corn-stalks. The huts consisted of clay walls, with a thatched roof of very finished workmanship, and were joined together by clay walls. The most spacious of these huts (a), of about twelve feet in diameter, formed the entrance-hall and the parlor, being furnished with two doors or openings, one on the side of the outer, and the other on the side of the inner court-yard, from which the two other huts ( and c), destined for the women, had their only access. The outer opening or door of the chief hut (a), although rather small according to our ideas, was very large considering the general custom of the country, measuring three feet and a half in height, and sixteen inches in the widest part, its form being that of an egg.

CONSTRUCTION OF HUTS.

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In this hut there was only one very large couch, measuring seven feet and a half in length by five in width, and raised three feet above the floor, made of clay over a frame of wood, on the right side of the door, where the landlord used to receive his guests, the remaining part of the hut being empty, and capable of receiving a good many people. Between the couch and the door there was a fire-place, or fúgodí, or fúgo kánnurám in Kanúri, "hobbunírde" in Fulfulde, formed by three stones of the same size. Of this airy room I myself took possession, spreading my carpet upon the raised platform, while the m'allem, my servants, and whosoever paid me a visit, found a place on the floor. The wall, which was rather thicker than usual, was all colored with a reddish-brown tint, and upon this ground several objects had been so unartistically delineated that, with the exception of wooden tablets, "alló," such as the boys here use in learning to write, it was impossible to tell what they were intended for.

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The hut opposite the parlor (b), which was smaller than (a), but larger than (c), seemed intended for the ordinary dwelling of the landlady, being ornamented in the background with the gángar," as it is called in Kanúri, "nanne" in Fulfúlde, a raised platform or sideboard for the cooking utensils; here four large-sized new jars were placed, as in battle array, surmounted by smaller ones. With regard to the other arrangements the two huts were of similar construction, having on each side a couch, one for the man and the other for his wife. In both the woman's couch was the better one, being formed of clay on a wooden frame, and well protected from prying eyes by a thin clay wall about five feet high, and handsomely ornamented in the following way: running not only along the side of the door, but inclosing also half of the other side, it excluded all impertinent curiosity, while the man's couch, which was less regular and comfortable, reached to the very border of the door, and on this side had the protection only of a thin clay wall without ornaments. With the privacy thus attained, the size of the doors was in entire harmony, being of an oval shape, and very small, particularly in (c), measuring only about two feet in height and

ten inches in width, a size which I am afraid would refuse a passage to many a European lady; indeed, it might seem rather intended to keep a married lady within doors after she had first contrived to get in.

Notwithstanding the scanty light falling into the interior of the hut through the narrow doorway, it was also painted, (c) in this respect surpassing its sister hut in the harmony of its colors, which formed broad alternate bands of white and brown, and gave the whole a very stately and finished character. The whole arrangement of these two huts bore distinct testimony to a greatly developed sense of domestic comfort.

In the wall of the court-yard, between (b) and (c), there was a small back door, raised above the ground, and of diminutive size (f), apparently intended for admitting female visitors without obliging them to pass through the parlor, and at the same time showing much confidence in the discretion of the female department. In the court-yard were two large-sized jars, (g) the larger one being the bázam or corn-jar, and the smaller (d) the gébam or water-jar. In the corner, formed between the hut (a) and the wall of the court-yard, was the "fúgodi," or kitchen, on a small scale.

The house belonged to a private man, who was absent at the time. From the outer court-yard, which, as I have observed, was spacious, and fenced only with corn-stalks, there was an interesting panorama over a great extent to the south, and I was enabled to take a great many angles. From this place, also, I made the following sketch of a cone which seemed to me very picturesque, but the exact name of which I could not learn.

Sarawu is the most elevated place on the latter part of this

route, although the highest point of the water-partition, between the basin of the Tsád and that of the so-called Niger, as I stated before, seems to be at the pass north of U'ba. The difference

between the state of the corn here and in Múbi and thereabout was very remarkable. The crop stood here scarcely a few inches above the ground.* The soil, also, around the place is not rich, the mould being thin upon the surface of the granite, which in many places lies bare. The situation of Saráwu is very important on account of its being the point where the road from Logón and all the northeastern part of A'damáwa, which includes some very considerable centres of industry and commerce -particularly Fátawel, the entrepôt of all the ivory trade in these quarters-joins the direct road from Kúkawa to the capital.

Cotton is cultivated here to some extent. A'damáwa is a promising country of colonies.

Sarawu, too, was suffering from dearth from the same reason which I have explained above; the second crop, which is destined to provide for the last and most pressing period, while the new crop is ripening, not having been sown at all last year on account of the expedition, so that we had great difficulty in obtaining the necessary corn for our five horses. It would, however, have been very easy for me to obtain a sufficient supply if I had demanded a small fee for my medical assistance, as I had a good many patients who came to me for remedies; but this I refrained from doing. I had here some very singular cases, which rather exceeded my skill; and, among others, there was a woman who had gone with child full two years, without any effort on the part of her imaginary offspring to come forth,

* I made some observations with the boiling-water instrument on this road, but, unfortunately, my thermometers for this purpose were entirely out of order.