Natural History Transactions of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Volume 2F. & W. Dodsworth, 1868 - Natural history |
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Common terms and phrases
Alien Allendale Allenheads Alnwick altitude Alwinton Area ascending in Teesdale ascending to 550 Backhouse basalt beds British type Burn Castle Eden Dene Cheviot Cheviot-land coast Colonist Common in grassy Coquet Coquetdale Crag cultivated fields damp Darlington Derwent Dike ditches Durham East Allendale Embleton England English type Everywhere common Falcon Clints feet Flora Frequent Frosterley grassy places Gunnerton Hartlepool Harwood Dale hedge-banks Hexham High Force Highland type Holy Island Howick Hulne Kilhope Lough low country Magnesian Limestone Maritime miles Moor Mountain Limestone Native North Tynedale Northumberland plants ponds porphyritic Prestwick Carr Professor Oliver Range ravine ridge road-sides rocks Rookhope Rothbury sandstone Scottish type Seaton Carew shale side species stream stream-sides Sunderland Tees Teesdale tract Tynedale unfrequent vulgaris W. H. Brown Wansbeck waste ground Wear district Weardale Welhope Widdy Bank Wooler Water Xerophilous yards in East yards in Harwood yards in Teesdale yards on Cheviot yards on Highfield
Popular passages
Page 63 - This may be ascribed, in some measure, to the presence of cold easterly winds during the spring months, destroying the blossoms ; to the low temperature of our autumns, which prevents the young wood from hardening and maturing the buds enveloping the flowers in embryo ; but more especially to the want of a continuance of sufficient heat, during the summer, to bring the fruit which is occasionally formed to perfection, for all these trees withstand the winter frost tolerably well in sheltered situations.
Page 102 - ... sheep far away amongst these lonely hills, the stream breaks a gorge through the great sweep of basalt, forming in doing so a series of broken rapids, leap after leap in tumultuous succession, the brown stream dashed by the first into an angry white foaming torrent rushing from ledge to ledge down a winding rocky channel, till at last it frees itself from the gorge and spreads out, like a ray of light as it issues from a prism, over a back-ground of broken sharp-edged basaltic columns. The total...
Page 5 - Sandstone. Their relations are best seen in the section from Siccar Point to the northern extremity of Berwickshire, where they distinctly rest on the upturned edges of the Greywacke or Cambro-Silurian strata, and are conformably overlaid by beds of the Tuedian age, the line between the two being marked by the occurrence of Holoptychius nobilissimus in the red conglomerate, and of Stigmaria ficoides in the Tuedian beds.
Page 307 - H g agency than to be genuine aborigines, but it is of course impossible to draw the line between the two classes with any precision. In this eighty-nine we include sixty-three well-established weeds of cultivated ground, and twenty-six which are either trees or plants likely to have been introduced through garden cultivation. 3. — Classing the plants of the two counties according to the types of distribution of the Cybele Britannica, we obtain the following result : — 4. — If we arrange the...
Page 5 - Sandstone conglomerates, of considerable thickness, but occupying an inconsiderable area, appear on the flanks of the Cheviots at Roddam and Biddlestone, in Northumberland, at elevations from 500 to 700 feet above the sea level. In the deep, narrow dene of Roddam, they are exposed for upwards of a mile, consisting principally of conglomerates formed of rounded pebbles of Cheviot porphyry, from the size of a pea to that of the human head, scattered through a flesh and brick-red clay and sand, loosely...
Page 31 - ... Kyloe church, where it has a direction of S. 80° "W., and is from 20 to 60 feet wide, increasing in width as it descends ; and in one part it is covered by sandstones and shales. It cuts through the Lowick coal field and is traceable westward to Leitham, the whole ascertained course being about 14 miles. The Beadnell Dike is well exposed on the coast, rising like a Cyclopean wall through sandstone, limestone, shale, and coal beds, whose relative position is but slightly altered, but whose structural...
Page 10 - Lower or Carbonaceous group : — From the base of the Dun Limestone to the top of the Tuedian group.
Page 54 - England which has the decided advantage in this respect is the southwest, and oven on the coast the extremes are much smaller on the west than on the east. If we compare an extreme summer with an extreme winter, the result will usually be something like the following : — MAXIMUM A.ND MINIMUM TEMPERATURES IN THE SHADE. Maximum in the month of July, 1859. Minimum on the night of Dec. 25, 26, 1860. Difference between the two. LOCALITY. Helston 90 32 58 Ventnor 79 24 55 Greenwich 93 8 85 Derby 83 2...
Page 111 - The boreal flora in a more intense degree. Species which have their head-quarters amongst the Scotch Highlands, and are only found southward in the vicinity of elevated mountains. 5. Germanic type. — Species which have their head-quarters in the south-east of England, and run out northward and westward. 6. Atlantic type. — Species which have their head-quarters in the south-west of England, and run out northward and eastward. 7. Intermediate type. — Species which have their head-quarters in...
Page 10 - Coal, about 40 feet below the Dun Limestone, is from 18 inches to 3 feet 4 inches thick; the Scremerston Main Coal is from 2 feet to 4 feet; the Stoney Coal from 1 foot to 3 feet 6 inches, but of poor quality; the Main or Cancer Coal from 2 feet to 7 feet; the Three-quarter Coal, of inferior quality, from 2 feet to 4 feet; the Cooper or Cowper Eye Coal, one of the best for domestic use, from 17 inches to 3 feet; and the Wester Coal from 3 feet to 4 feet 6 inches in thickness. There are a few limestones...