Employee Representation: Alternatives and Future Directions

AFL-CIO agreement American capital CFL question changes codetermination collective bargaining collective voice committees company unions competitive contract cooperation council David Lewin decision decline demand for union direct participation economic effective efficiency elected employee involvement employee representation employee voice employment force Freeman grievance human resource individual industrial relations innovation institutional interest groups issues joint governance labor law Labor Relations labor-management legislation local union ment module advisors negotiations nonunion workers operation organization organizational parties partnership percent performance plans plant policies political procedures productivity profitability programs quality circles representatives response role sample Saturn Saturn Corporation sector senior executives stakeholders strategic structure survey Table tion trade union traditional U.S. firms union density union leaders union members union membership union representation United variables vote wage Wagner Act worker representation workplace workplace democracy