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HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY

GIFT OF

MRS. THOMAS WENTWORTH HIGGINSON
MRS. MARGARET HIGGINSON BARNEY

OCT 9 1940

The receipts of this volume are for the Catholic Poor Schools

conducted by the Christian brothers.

CHAPTER I.

Avenue to the Catholic Church by a sense of the importance and necessity of go-

vernment, 107. Signals on this way, by observing that Catholicity best supplies

this want, 108; the extent of the difficulty involved in government, 109; that

Protestantism and rationalism undermine it by diminishing respect, 110; that

Catholicism creates respect for authority, 112; that it accepts all forms of go-

vernment, 115; that it has preferences for monarchy, 116; republics and their

evils, 116; that Catholicity supplies the means of satisfying the wants, correct-

ing the evils, and removing the dangers of all governments, 123; that it en-

ables them to confer freedom, liberty, and order, 123; that it yields security and

wisdom to legislative and administrative assemblies, 124; that governments

under all forms can be oppressive of liberty, 129; the evils of monarchy without

faith, 132; the evils of all government without it, in regard to God-persecu-

tion of the Church, 136; the hatred against the Holy See, 137; the encroach-

ments on the spiritual power, 146; the patience of the Church compared to

that of Griseldis, 149; the injustice of such governments in regard to the tem-

poral interests of subjects, 151; the infirmity of such governments in regard to

themselves, 154; the evils in the system of their diplomacy, 157; their muta-

bility, 164; avenue to the Catholic Church by observing governments under its

influence, 166; signals by observing the Catholic theory of government, 168;

its subjection to the will and rule of God, 169; that it gives liberty to the

Church, 171; the ancient charters, 173; the realization of the theory; that rulers

were holy, 178; the general Christian tone of their government, 180; their co-

operation with the clergy, 182; the religious character of political measures,

armorials, customs of courts, formulas for the reception of princes, 183; that

kings honoured and protected the Church, 186; restrained the propagators of

error, 187; defended churches, 188; protected manners by example and laws,

189; respected the clergy, 191; employed them in the government, 192; that

Compítum.

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BOOK IV.

CHAPTER I.

+

THE ROAD OF MAGISTRATES.

ITHIN forests there are other pictures besides those which are exclusively of pure nature; and it is not merely analogies and symbols, recalling the pursuits and destinies of mankind, that we find between the trees; for sometimes the very men whose spiritual wanderings we are endeavouring to trace out, present themselves to us unexpectedly, actually playing their part before our astonished eyes in this wild theatre. An instance was witnessed by the stranger, on a summer's morning, in the beautiful woods that skirt the village of Montmorency. By the side of the path, sloping down to the edge of the forest, there was a grassy mound which an immense chestnut-tree overshadowed. There, seated on the greensward, he found some peasants listening with great attention to a person who seemed by his tone of voice to be of some authority, though sitting in a friendly way in the midst of them, separated however at a little distance from the others; and, after passing the picturesque group, he learned that this was nothing less than a kind of rural court, held by the judge of the peace, to settle some dispute which had arisen within the limits of his jurisdiction. The oak in the forest of Vincennes used to witness indeed in the olden time a more august spectacle of this kind, but the sweet chestnuttree of Montmorency could thus attest, even at the present day, that woods are not left without some vestiges of moral scenery appropriate to the title of the road which now presents itself as that of magistrates, which will lead to the Catholic Church no less directly than the other tracks that we have hitherto followed, if we only observe and duly appreciate the benefits

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VOL. IV.

B

resulting to the science and practice of law from the influence of divine faith.

The beginning of this road cannot be generally inviting. The service-tree which delights in cold places, terrible, as Pliny says, from the rods of magistrates *, grows here on each side, along ⚫ with stunted oaks indigenous in northern regions, though the wasps and hornets of a sultry season buzz in our ears, and threaten greatly to molest the wayfarer. Some however will take this road from choice, though the whole tract through which it leads may deter others; being characterized by a certain frigid aspect, every thing seeming to be dry as withered roots and husks wherein the acorn cradled. The Roman poet and his brother differed in respect to their estimate of this path; for he says,—

"Frater ad eloquium viridi tendebat ab ævo,

Fortia verbosi natus ad arma fori,

At mihi jam puero celestia sacra placebant+."

So it may be with the reader and the stranger, who, as Cicero says, wants all forensic light, and therefore here he should invoke some guide, versed in the special matter for observation, to lead the way; and, indeed, generally as we advance through this forest, we ought to have for companion on each of the roads some one who can interpret the signs found upon it, by referring to his own individual studies and personal experience, and by reasoning on the moral decay or development of the social position in which he is especially placed, according as it is less or more influenced by Catholicity. On this road we should leave it to some man of law to speak, who is better qualified to recognize the signals and detect the openings; for at the commencement, it must be confessed, to inexperienced feet the underwood seems to be impassable, and we might think that not even light can pierce through it. The figures that precede us on this path, gliding into the gloomy wood, are dark too and disagreeable. The character of the legist from the earliest times has never been considered as presenting a soil favourable to the seeds of that divine philosophy which, in Christian ages, is only another term for Catholicism. Its opposition to the people of God can be witnessed in the letter of Artaxerxes, ordaining the destruction of the Jews. "Whereas," says the king, "I reigned over many nations, and had brought all the world under my dominion, I was not willing to abuse the greatness of my power, but to govern my subjects with clemency and lenity, that they might live quietly without any terror, and might enjoy peace, which is desired by all men. But when I asked my counsellors

⚫ xvi. 30.

Trist. iv. 10.

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