adored, and their Government eulogized. They acknowledged that it was to the English they were indebted for being made sensible of the danger which surrounded them, and that it was by the English they were urged to think of defending themselves against the enemy. The Arsenal was quite empty, and they wanted arms, as the French had taken away all they had possessed. There was not a single cannon left, and, as soon as they took some from the French, they painted them, according to the custom of the country, and horses were taken in requisition, in order to convey the cannon to the army.

The inhabitants of Berlin said that it was owing more to General Walmoden that the French did not enter Berlin, under Marshal Ney, in August, 1813, than to the Crown Prince of Sweden.

The present monarch is adored, and the loss of the late Queen greatly regretted, particularly as grief was the cause of her death, she having humbled herself to kneel to the usurper of the French Crown, to obtain Silesia for the Prussian Monarch, to which the tyrant answered, "On ne peut rien faire refuser à votre Majesté." Her loss will for ever be felt as a deep wound to that nation. The King, to show his gratitude towards the English and England, ordered that English officers should be exempt from having their passports visited [visés, examined] at the police, which, at that time, was rigidly required of all travellers. Every mark of attention and respect was shown to the several English noblemen and gentlemen who rode out to the head-quarters of Bernadotte, and they were cheered all along the road. "God save the King," was played in every street, at every hotel.

The general opinion at that period was that, though a national feeling existed against Austria, the Prussian Ministry viewed with a more jealous eye the power of Russia; and the recent events have proved the justness of such an impression, more particularly should the proposition for an alliance between

the Imperial Family and the House of Orange be met by the two Courts.

From Berlin, the route was through Bohemia and Moravia to Vienna, visiting Hungary and Gratz. On arriving at Vienna, the melancholy but invariable attendants upon a country which distrusts its Government, were exemplified in the depreciation of public credit. The Einlösungs-scheine, which were 230 florins in paper for 100 in cash, fell to 430 to 460 florins for 100 florins cash. Money and patriotism were equally scarce; and, though the country was poor, there were some wealthy inhabitants at Vienna, yet none of them came forward voluntarily to assist their country in its distress. Advantage was taken of the state of affairs; the greatest personages used to speculate largely in the national funds.

The army was intrinsically good, but the officers, upon whom the conducting of it depended, were men of little education, and the want of proper national feeling, added to their miserable state of equipment, rendered them open to the disgraceful influence of mercenary recompense, though in opposition to the good of their country and the preservation of their honour and character. The cavalry is good. The Hungarians are patriots and good soldiers: they like their Sovereign; but the general opinion throughout Austria is, that there are too many French and Italians in Government offices.

It was said in Vienna, that there was a strong French party in the Government, which consisted of the last Prince de Ligne, the Prince de Trautmansdorf (Grand Master of the Ceremonies), the Prince d'Aremberg, &c. Vienna contained many French spies; and many houses were kept by ladies of Polish nobility, which formed a rendezvous for those characters; and the conduct of the late French Government was there openly praised. It was believed by them that their Prime Minister was a deep politician, and, like a certain French actor, cried with one eye and laughed with the other. The Emperor is much liked, because he is affable and

friendly to the inhabitants. He hates luxury. He is more liked in the Tyrol than anywhere else. When he intended lately to raise a levy there, the people sent a deputation to Vienna, to tell his Majesty that he must not execute his plan, for two reasons: 1, the country being very hilly, it wants more men to cultivate it; 2, they were all willing to rise when his Majesty wished it, in defence of himself and their country. The Emperor received them graciously, and immediately granted their request. The only fault of which his Majesty is accused is, that he is too good and too easily guided, particularly by his Prime Minister.

The Prince Stahremberg, formerly Minister to Great Britain, is ruined, because he will not yield to the Metternich party, as he told me himself. The old Prince Esterhazy was of the Anti-Anglo party, as they called it. The Empress is much admired, and cheered wherever she publicly appears. The Archdukes must exert themselves to be again in favour.

An Ambassador at that Court must be aware that all the ladies in the first circles are disguised spies, and he must know that great information can be obtained through them. As I visited all the first circles, I may say that, of the whole diplomatic corps at that time, it was only the Russian Minister, Count Stackelberg, who was aware of it. The Prince Razumowski got, through the old Princess Esterhazy, many interesting hints.

We went from Vienna, viá Triest, to Corfu. When we arrived, the French were yet in possession of the island, and felt sorry to quit it. The French Government had given to every French soldier an acre of land to cultivate, and many of those military farmers did not like to quit their small tenements, and they spoke violently against the Bourbon Government. The island was in a dreadful situation, and it is not surprising that they had some partisans, having been so long a time there. As some hold lands and have not emigrated,

they ought to be closely watched, for they are the military of the revolutionary school. Governor Campbell appeared to fulfil the duties of his station most judiciously.

When I visited the island again in November, 1814, the change was very considerable. The town was cleaner, the houses whitewashed, the streets well paved, and the country generally well cultivated. Arts were reviving: the character of the inhabitants is greatly ameliorated, and they are now attached to the English Government. The bad character of the Zanteotes was proverbial. Under the French and Russian Government, there were always frequent assassinations; and the perpetrators, immediately after the commission of the crime, went over to the Morea, where they bought the protection of the Bey of Patras for a trifling sum of money. Governor Campbell put a stop to this villanous system. When the last assassination was committed, he pursued the villains to the Morea, and, through the aid of the British Consul at Patras, Mr. Stranie, had two arrested and sent to Zante. The chief of them was put to death, and his head stuck up on a pole at Zante, and placed on a hill, that the people of the island might see the recompense those barbarians are to expect: and it had a good effect.

They are now constructing a fine harbour at Zante, which was much wanted, as the port was very unsafe in winter. M. Foresti, now at Corfu, and Colonel Moore, Governor of Zante, contributed much to improve the mind of the people, and to bring them to industry, and to inspire them with a taste for the arts.

We sailed from Zante to Alexandria, and were well received by Mr. Lee, Consul at that port. It is generally observed in the Levant, that the French Consuls have an advantage over the British: they are more cunning, and in many cases possess better information, as Napoleon left there many engineer officers; and they have all a decided influence, not only over the Pachas, but also over the Beys of the districts. I found

this report partly confirmed at the ports I visited in Egypt and in Palestine.

Mr. Lee is considered as a good merchant and clever man ; but M. Drouetti, formerly French Consul, (lately recalled) has considerably the advantage over him. M. Drouetti, a military officer, speaks the oriental languages, is accustomed to intrigues, and told me that many disasters suffered by the British army in Egypt arose from his intimacy with the Pacha of Alexandria and with all the Beys; he prevailed on them not only to send no provisions to the English army, but to stop all that was bought and sent by their agents. M. Drouetti's opinion was that, had the English, at their first landing, taken possession of Rosetta, which could not long defend itself, before they marched into the interior of the country, they would have never suffered want of provisions, and could have obtained as great a supply as they wished. He showed me a letter from General Frazer, thanking him for his attention towards the British prisoners in the hands of the Pacha of Alexandria. He even opened for several English officers credits in Constantinople, whither the Pacha sent them.

The Turks and inhabitants of this port were very friendly to the English, and spoke of them with great respect. Most of the ships in the harbour were under the English flag; and, although France was then at peace with all the Powers of Europe-in July, 1814-there were only two French ships in that port.

We went from Alexandria to Cairo, and were well received by Colonel Misset and Major Taberna, both gentlemen of great merit the former is in a bad state of health. I endeavoured to ascertain from physicians or others who visited the French hospitals, how far the report was correct, of Napoleon having poisoned in the hospitals many thousand soldiers, which was believed at Alexandria; but all the information I could obtain on the spot was, that the French soldiers were