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In concluding this part of our subject we cannot but express our admiration of those talents which have overcome difficulties in the construction of machinery, as great as any ever conquered by human skill and perseverance. The embroidering machine is not the only invention which Mr. Heilmann has given to the world; for we find, by referring to the records of the "Société Industrielle de Mulhausen," accounts of several other inventions of his in different branches of manufactures, particularly in power loom weaving; and among many interesting papers furnished by this gentleman and published in the "Bulletin" of the "Société," there is a memoir entitled "Observations Microscopiques sur la forme, la finesse, et la force des filamens de Coton," containing much valuable information.* Indeed, we may say of Mr. Heilmann what Lord Jeffrey

* We extract the following

* morceau from page 543 of a book

entitled, "Baines's History of the Cotton Manufacture."

"NOTE

Relative to the Form of the Fibres of Cotton. By JAMES THOMSON, F.R.S.

In the first volume of the Bulletin de la Société Industrielle de Mulhausen,' published in 1828, is a memoir, by Mr. Josue Heilmann, entitled 'Observations Microscopiques sur la forme, la finesse, et la force des filamens de Coton,' in which he ascribes to the fibres of Cotton the same form precisely given to them in the drawing of Mr. Bauer, dated Feb. 11, 1822, which accompanies my paper 'On Mummy Cloth.'

Mr. Heilmann's 'Observations' are accompanied by a drawing of Mr. Edward Koechlin, of the fibres of cotton. Whoever will take the trouble to compare the two drawings, will detect internal evidence of the one being derived from the other. Mr. Heilmann's paper being published in 1828, and mine in 1834, renders some explanation necessary.

In 1822 or 1823, Mr. Edward Koechlin was in England, and during a visit he paid to me at Primrose, he saw Mr. Bauer's drawing, and requested permission to copy it, which was readily granted. It is from this drawing and Mr. Koechlin's communication, that Mr. Heilmann's 'Observations Microscopiques' are derived.

The paltry fraud of appropriating to himself the observations of others, without acknowledgment, might have passed unnoticed by me for ever, had not the friends of Mr. Bauer considered this explanation necessary."

We have the pleasure of being well acquainted with Mr. Heilmann, and know that he is not only an extremely ingenious man, but also a man of sterling honour and strict integrity, and altogether incapable of any thing of this sort.

said of James Watt :-"Independently of his great attainments in mechanics, he is an extraordinary, and, in many respects a wonderful man;-possessing infinite quickness of apprehension, a prodigious memory, and a certain rectifying and methodizing power of digesting and arranging in its proper place, that which is really valuable in practice, and of casting aside and rejecting, as it were instinctively, whatever is worthless or immaterial."

SECTION NINTH.

SPOOLING, WARPING AND SIZING, BY POWER.

THE processes of spooling, warping and sizing having been already thoroughly investigated, as applicable to looms worked by hand (see Section First,) it only remains to show how these various processes may be facilitated, by the application of power instead of manual labour: this subject we shall now endeavour to elucidate. Were we ambitious of confusing the wits of the rabble with very learned dissertations on spooling, warping and sizing, we would call in the aid of that mysterious art, known to patent agents and quack doctors by the cognomen of "saw-dusting ;"* but our object is to diffuse light and not darkness.

Fig. 148 represents a common cylindrical shaft, containing 16 drums A, with four spools BBB B, which roll against the drum, by friction of contact; CC represent cast iron arches fixed between each pair of drums, and serving to keep the spools in their places

* A villainous system of trickery or deception, by which a lie is garnished over and made to appear as truth: it is commonly practised by men of no real inventive talent or capacity; but whose impudence is their grand substitute for genius. Such characters often apply to some dishonest patent-agent, or petty lawyer, whose business it is to assist them in their difficulties; which he does by drawing out a long windy rigmarole specification of some 5,000 odd words, purposely to work up the invention or inventions of some ingenious man, under pretence of making improvements thereon; and then gilding the pill over so skilfully in the summing up of the claim, as to be swallowed by the public without a shrug!

(see DD, Fig. 149.) Each spool has suitable iron gudgeons at its ends, serving as an axis on which it revolves (see Fig. 148.) EE are the bobbins from the spinning frame: F F are cylindrical pieces of iron covered with cloth, lying on the moveable rails G G. Pieces Fig. 148.

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of cloth are also fastened on the rails beneath the cleaners F F, so that the thread passes through between the two plies of cloth, which partly smooth down the fibres, and clean it from any loose specks that may adhere to it; II are guide pins fastened on the rails G G (Fig. 149.) The pulley J, driven by a band from the cylinder shaft, is connected with a heart motion, which moves the rails G G alternately in a horizontal direction the full length of the spools, and by means of the guide-pins II, causes the yarn to wind on equally from end to end of the spools. Each of the drums A is covered with cloth or leather, and requires to be perfectly true, as otherwise it would give a vibratory motion to the spools while the yarn is winding on.

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