rent year, fhall be confidered as renewed and confirmed by the prefent convention, in all their points, articles, and clauses, and fhall have the fame force, as if they were inferted here word for word.

II. This article is the fame with the 1ft article of the preceding treaty.

III. This article is the fame with the 2d article of the preceding treaty.

IV. This article is the fame with the 3d article of the preceding treaty.

V. This article is the fame with the 4th article of the preceding treaty.

In witness whereof, &c.

Done at London, the 7th of December, 1758.

(L. S.) ROBERT HENLEY, C. S.

(L. S.) GRANVILLE, P.

(L. S.) HOLLES NEWCASTLE (L. S.) HOLDERNESSE.

(L. S.) HARDWICKE.

(L. S.) WILLIAM PITT.

Convention between his Majefty and the King of Pruffia, 9th November, 1759.

TH

HIS treaty is the fame with the preceding, except the alteration of the date; and is figned by the fame Ministers.

Convention between his Majesty King George III. and the King of Pruffia, 12th December, 1760.

THE

HIS treaty is also the fame with the preceding, except the alteration of the date; and is likewise figned by the fame Ministers.

[To avoid repetition, we have given only one copy and one tranflation, where the treaties were the fame.]

HISTORICAL MEMORIAL of the Negotiation of France and England, from the 26th of March, 176, to the 20th of September of the fame Year, with the Vouchers. Tranflated from the French Original, published at Paris by Authority.

HIS

IS Majefty [the French King] thinks it confiftent with his goodness and justice to inform his fubjects of the endeavours he has ufed, and the facrifices he refolved to make, in order to reftore peace to his kingdom.

France, and the whole univerfe, will judge from a plain and faithful detail of the negotiation, which has been carried on between the Courts of Verfailles and London, which of the two Courts have been averse to the re-establifhment of public tranquillity, and have facrificed the common peace and welfare to their own ambition.

In order to form a clear and juft opinion with regard to the Negotiation which has lately broken off between France and England, it is neceffary to recollect the motives which occafioned the rupture between the two Crowns, and the particular circumftances, which have involved a confiderable part of Europe in a war, which had at first America only for its object.

The limits of Acadia and Canada, which, by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, were left to the difcuffion of commiffaries to be named by the two Potentates, have ferved England as a pretence for commencing hoftilities, and for taking two French fhips, the Alcide and the Lys; while, in the midst of peace, and under the fanction of the law of nations, the Duke of Mirepoix, the French Ambaffador, was treating at London in order to prevent a rupture, and to terminate thofe differences, which might have been eafily accommodated at Aix-la-Chapelle, and which, while the peace fubfifted, had met with the most unreafonable and extravagant opposition on the part of the Englith Commiffaries.

The unexpected violence offered on the part of the English neceffarily brought on the war: his Majefty found himself obliged, though with regret, to repel by force the indignity offered to France, and to prefer the honour of the nation to the tranquillity, it enjoyed. N

VOL. II.

If the court of London had no other defign than to establish the respective poffeffions of the two Crowns in North America upon a firm footing, fhe would have endeavoured to obviate, as France has done, every incident which might engage the powers of the Continent of Europe to take part in a war which is abfolutely foreign to them, and which in fact, having no other object but what re lates to the limits of Acadia and Canada, could not laft long, and did not require the interpofition of any other power. But England had more extenfive views: the endeavoured to raise a general war against France, and hoped to renew the famous league which was formed against Lewis XIV. upon the acceffion of Philip V. to the throne of Spain; and to perfuade all the Courts of Europe, that they were as much interefted in the limits of Acadia, as in the fucceffion of Charles II.

The conduct of France, in confequence of the first hoftilities in 1755, was very different from that of England : his Majefty pacified his neighbours, reftrained his allies, refufed the advantageous profpect of a war, which was propofed to him on the Continent, and gave all the powers to understand, that his fole ambition was to reftrain his enemies, the English, within due limits, and to maintain peace and justice among the powers, who ought to regard the differences respecting America with the most impartial neutrality.

The Court of London, to accomplish their ends, took advantage of his Majefty's equitable and pacific condu&. She knew that one of the allies of France might prove a lively obstacle to the establishment of peace and tranquil lity, and made no doubt, but, in fecuring that ally, the fhould be able to make that Houfe, which was confidered as the antient rival of France, enter into all her views: but the Empress Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, animated by the fame principles of equity of which his Majefty gave fuch laudable proofs, refuted the propofals of England, and rather chofe to run the risk of an unjust war, which was the natural and forefeen confequence of the treaty figned at Whitehall between the Kings of England and Pruffia, than to engage in one contrary to the good faith of her Imperial Majefty.

His Majefty and the Emprefs-Queen, previous to the King of Pruffia's invafion of Saxony, entered into an alliance on the 1ft of May 1756, which was purely defenfive. Their Majefties hoped, that their alliance would check the fire which was ready to kindle in Gerniany, and that it would prevent a war on the Continent of Europe. They were deceived in their expectations: the Court of London had armed the King of Pruffia: nothing could restrain a Prince whofe paffion for war was unhappily violent and he began it at the end of the year 1756, by the invafion of Saxony and the attack of Bohemia. From that time two diftinct wars fubfifted; one of France with England, and which at the beginning had nothing in common with the war in Germany; and the other which the King of Pruffia waged against the EmprefsQueen, and in which the King of England was interested as an ally of the King of Pruffia, and his Majefty, as gaurantee of the treaty of Weftphalia, and, after his defenfive treaty of the 1ft of May, as an ally of the Court of Vienna.

France was cautious, in the engagements fhe was conftrained to make with the confederate powers, not to blend the differences which disturbed the peace of America, with thofe which raifed a commotion in Europe. In truth, his Majefty having always made it his principal object to recal each potentate to terms of reconciliation, and to restore public tranquillity, he judged it improper to blend interefts of fo diftant and complicated a nature as thofe of Europe and America would prove, were they to have been jointly treated of in a negociation for a general and final peace. His Majefty proceeded farther, and with an intent to prevent a direct land war in Europe, he propofed the neutrality of Hanover in the year 1757; the King of England, Elector of Hanover, refufed the propofition, and fent his fon the duke of Cumberland, into his hereditary dominions in Germany, who, at the head of an army entirely compofed of Germans, was ordered to oppofe the march of thofe forces, which his Majefty, in pursuance of his engagements, fent to the affiftance of his Allies who were attacked in their dominions.

The electoral army of Hanover finifhed the campaign of 1757, with the capitulation of Clofter-feven. The Court of London thought proper to break that capitulation, a few months after it had been concluded by the confent of the King of England's fon; the chief pretence alledged was, that the army which had capitulated belonged to the Elector, and that the fame army which, contrary to the right of nations and all military laws, re-entered into action, was from that time to be confidered as a British army. From that moment, (and it is neceffary to attend to this circumftance) the army commanded by Prince Ferdinand of Brunfwick, is become an English army: The Elector of Hanover, the Duke of Brunfwick, the the Landgrave of Heffe, their forces and their countries, have been blended together in the caufe of England; fo that the hoftilities in Weftphalia and Lower Saxony have had and still have the fame object as the hoftilities in America, Afia, and Africa; that is to fay, the disputes fubfifting between the two crowns concerning the limits of Acadia and Canada.

His Majefty confequently from that time being obliged to support a war both by fea and land against England his profeffed enemy, has afforded no farther fuccour of troops to his Allies to enable them to carry on their war in particular, but has only undertaken to preferve the places on the Lower Rhine for the Emprefs Queen, which were acquired by conqueft from the King of Pruffia, in the name of her Imperial Majefty. It would therefore betray ignorance of the most pofitive facts, to fuppofe that the war which is actually carried on in Weftphalia, is for the interest of his Majefty's Allies; that war is purely English, which is carried on only because the army of England, in that part, defends the poffeffions of the King of Great Britain and his Allies.

We must conclude from what has been faid with regard to the state of the two belligerant Crowns, that the war of France with England is in fact, and in its origin, very diftinct from that of the Emprefs against the King of Pruffia: nevertheless there is a connection between the two wars, which confifts in the common engagement between the King and the Empress Queen, not to make a

I

separate