-screen a common sized fire-place. The plant may stand abroad till the flowers begin to open; and, being then placed in a room where it is shaded from the sun and rain, the flowers will continue long in beauty. If it be removed into the air at night, where it is not exposed to heavy rains, the flowers will be handsomer, and will last longer. This species is a native of Savoy, and makes a magnificent appearance among the rocks on the coast of Ithaca, where it grows plentifully. Few plants, especially of so hardy a kind, have such an abundance of beautiful flowers, and altogether so elegant an appearance as this. It is, however, rather more delicate than those before mentioned; and when raised from seeds, which is the best mode, requires a hotbed to bring it forward. It should therefore be procured in a pot, and should be one that has been raised from seed. This species is in every part filled with a kind of milky juice, which issues forth on the plucking of the smallest leaf or flower; this is, in some degree, common to Campanulas in general; but the pyramidal sort has it in greater abundance than most of them. Most of the Campanulas close their flowers at night. They will grow in common garden earth.

There is a beautiful little Campanula, common on heaths and commons all over England, and which is, doubtless, an old friend and favourite with the reader. It is called the Round-leaved Bell-flower, [Campanula rotundifolia]; the leaves from which it is named grow near to the root, and as they soon dry away, and fall off, are seldom observed; but the little blue-bell flower, nodding upon its long and slender stem, is an object of admiration to all who see it. The stem is sometimes branched, but perhaps more frequently simple; when branched, each branch has, like the stem, a single flower at the summit. The flower itself is a miniature likeness of the Pyramidal Campanula.

This elegant wild-flower is familiarly called the Heathbell; some have confused it with the Harebell, or English hyacinth, which is a very different flower; and some say that the name of harebell properly belongs to the Little Campanula. Sir Walter Scott speaks of it by that title: "What though no rule of courtly grace

To measured mood had trained her pace ?
A foot more light, a step more true,

Ne'er from the heath-flower dashed the dew:
E'en the slight hare-bell raised its head
Elastic from her airy tread."

LADY OF THE LAKE.

CANDY-TUFT.

IBERIS.

CRUCIFERÆ.

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.

Candy-Tuft takes its English name from Candia, one of the many countries of which it is a native; and its Latin name from Iberia, now Spain.-French, Grin de lin; Italian, Iberide.

THE evergreen kinds are more tender than most of the species, and require shelter from frost: they do not thrive so well in a pot as in the open ground, but cannot for a comparative inferiority be dispensed with. In addition to the advantage of retaining their green leaves all the year, they enliven the winter months with their tufts of white flowers, which continue in succession from the end of August till the beginning of June.

There are two species of evergreen Candy-Tufts: the broad and the narrow-leaved. The former is a native of Persia; the latter, of the island of Candia. As these do not often produce seeds in England, they are increased by cuttings, which may be planted in any of the summer months; and, if shaded from the sun, and kept moist, will take root in two months. Their branches will fall unless supported by sticks.

The Common Purple Candy-Tuft, the White, and the Sweet-scented are annuals; and, if sown in September, March, April, and May, may be continued in succession throughout the summer. These, as well as the Rock and the Round-leaved Candy-Tufts, will bear exposure to the open air. They must not have more water than is sufficient to keep them from absolute drought.

The Purple has a variety of names: as Candia Thlaspi, Candia Mustard, and Spanish Tuft. The White species, though not mentioned by any of the old botanical writers, is indigenous it is common to most European countries. The Sweet-scented, the flowers of which are dazzlingly white, is a native of the mountains near Geneva. The seeds should be sown in pots four or five inches in diameter, one in each.

CRUCIFERA.

CARDAMINE.

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

So called from its taste of cardamoms; also Lady's Smock, from the white sheets of flowers they display on the plashes of water in which they usually grow; and Cuckoo-flower, from blowing at the time of that bird beginning to sing.-French, cresson de prés [meadow-cress]; passarage sauvage [wild cress].-Italian, cardamindo; nasturzio di prato; o crescione di prato: both signifying meadow-cress.

FEW of the species of Cardamine are admitted into gardens. The kind most deserving of a place there is the common Cuckoo-flower, or Lady's Smock, which is common in our meadows, and by brook sides, &c.; or, rather, the double varieties of this kind should perhaps be selected. This flower has been usually described by the poets as of a silvery whiteness, which shows the season they have chosen for their rural walks to have been a late one; as, in its natural state, it is more or less tinged with purple, but becomes white as it fades, by exposure to the heat of

the sun. "The allusions to the whiteness of the corollas," says Rousseau," will not hold, for they are commonly purple."

The various shades of these flowers, with the little green leaves that enclose the unopened buds, have an exceedingly pretty effect when a quantity of them are collected; and if kept in fresh water, and well supplied, they will survive their gathering for a fortnight or more. The young leaves are eaten in salads.

The double varieties are white or purple: they are increased by parting the roots in autumn. They love the shade, and should be plentifully watered every evening. It is called the Cuckoo-flower, because it comes at the same time with the cuckoo; and, for the same reason, the name has been given to many other flowers. Shakspeare's Cuckoobuds are yellow, and supposed to be a species of ranunculus. Indeed, he expressly distinguishes his Cuckoo-bud from this flower:

"When daisies pied, and violets blue,

And lady's-smocks all silver white,
And cuckoo-buds of yellow hue,

Do paint the meadows with delight."

"So have I seen a ladie-smock soe white,

Blown in the mornynge, and mowd down at night."
CHATTERTON'S BATTLE OF HASTINGS.

Clare more accurately styles this flower "wan-hued."
"And hooded arum, early sprouting up,

Ere the whitethorn bud half unfolds to view ;
And wan-hued lady-smocks, that love to spring
'Side the swamp margin of some plashy pond."

Again, he says

"In spite of nipping sheep and hungry cow,

The little daisy finds a place to blow;
And where old winter leaves her plashy slough,
The lady-smocks will not disdain to grow."

CLARE'S POEMS, vol. ii.

LOBELLIACEE.

CARDINAL-FLOWER.

LOBELIA.

SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA.

Named from Matthias de Lobel, a Flemish botanist, physician and botanist to King James the First.-French, la cardinale.—Italian, fior cardinale; cardinalizia.

THE Cardinal-flower is a very handsome plant, the scarlet species in particular: the blue, however, is very handsome. They do not flower the first year: yet, as the offsets produced from the roots do not flower so strongly as seedling plants, it is better to sow them. This should be done in the autumn. They may at first be sown several together the pots in which they are sown should stand abroad in mild weather, but under cover in frost or heavy rain. In spring the plants will appear. They may then remain abroad altogether, and must be kept always rather moist. When big enough to remove, they may be replanted separately into small pots; or, if preferred, may be so sown at first. They should be placed where they may enjoy the morning sun, and there remain till autumn: they must then be taken into the house, but stand near an open window in mild weather. If in the course of the pots, the plants must be

summer the roots should fill the removed into larger ones. The following spring they must be potted in fresh earth, and again placed abroad. They will flower in August; and, if not exposed to the mid-day sun, will continue long in beauty. The roots will last two or three years. They are likewise increased by their offsets, and by cuttings of the stalks, like rockets; but no other way is so good as sowing them.