National Systems of Innovation in Comparison: Structure and Performance Indicators for Knowledge SocietiesUlrich Schmoch, Christian Rammer, Harald Legler The concept of National Systems of Innovation was introduced as a method to describe the various elements which contribute to innovation performance and their interaction. In this book, the innovation structures of a broad set of countries are compared. It provides more than a pure compilation of quantitative indicators for international benchmarking, supporting an appropriate interpretation of the referring results and suggesting relevant conclusions for innovation policy. |
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ADSL analysis apprentices average Britain broadband business sector calculation by ZEW cent co-operation companies comparative advantage compared competition costs database decrease demand DIW Berlin dual system dynamics e-commerce economic education and training employees employment Engineering Europe European European Research Area Eurostat exports Federal Finland firm entries foreign France Fraunhofer ISI funding Germany Germany’s graduates growth high-level technology higher education highly qualified important increase indicators industrialised countries industries innovation activities intensive international comparison Internet investment Japan KIBS knowledge-intensive services labour leading-edge technologies Netherlands OECD OECD countries particular patent position public research qualification R&D activities R&D expenditure R&D-intensive manufacturing ratio share SMEs Source specialisation statistics structural Sweden Switzerland Table technical occupations technological performance technology-based start-ups trade training contracts training places trend triadic patents United Kingdom value-added vocational education ZEW Fig