and was buried in the parish church of his manor of How Capel, Herefordshire. Gregory had purchased this manor in 1677 and built the southern transept of the church, known as the Gregory Chapel, as a burying-place for himself and his family. He also bought the manor and advowson of Solers Hope, and the manor of Fownhope, but he resided chiefly in London. Besides largely rebuilding the church at How Capel, he gave a garden in Bowsey Lane, Hereford, for the benefit of the Lazarus Hospital. In 1653 Gregory became the third husband of Katharine Smith, by whom he was father of two children: James, who married Elizabeth Rodd and died 1691, and Katharine, who died in infancy. His descendants in the male line failed in 1789. [Foss's Judges of England, vii. 318; Cooke's additions to Duncumb's Herefordshire, ii. 355, 359, 361, iii. 102, 139, 229; Manning's Speakers, p. 374; North's Examen, p. 460; Kennett's Hist. of England, iii. 372, 528; Cobbett's Parliamentary History, iv. 1112, v. 312; Luttrell's Diary, i. 9, 10, 166, 255, ii. 277, 379, iv. 64; Sir John Bramston's Autobiography (Camd. Soc. publications), p. 221; Pearce's Inns of Court, p. 344.] A. V. spe GREGORY, WILLIAM (1803-1858), chemist, fourth son of James Gregory (17531821) [q. v.], professor of medicine in the university of Edinburgh, was born at Edinburgh on 25 Dec. 1803. After a medical education he graduated at Edinburgh in 1828, but he had already shown a strong bent for chemistry, and he soon decided to make it his cialty. In 1831 he introduced a process for making the muriate of morphia, which came into general use. After studying for some time on the continent he established himself as an extra-academical lecturer on chemistry at Edinburgh. He successively lectured on chemistry at the Andersonian University, Glasgow, and at the Dublin Medical School, and in 1839 was appointed professor of medicine and chemistry in King's College, Aberdeen. In 1844 he was elected to the chair of chemistry at Edinburgh in succession to his old master Charles Hope. He was a successful expository lecturer, but in his later years suffered much from painful disease, and died on 24 April 1858, leaving a widow and one son. Having been a favourite pupil of Liebig at Giessen, Gregory did much to introduce his researches into this country, translating and editing several of his works. His own chemical works were useful in their day, especially from the prominence they gave to organic chemistry. He was skilled in German and French, and kept well abreast of 6 chemical advances on the continent. A list of forty chemical papers by him is given in the Royal Society's Catalogue of Scientific Papers. Being compelled to adopt a sedentary life, he spent much time in microscopical studies, chiefly on the diatoms, and wrote a number of careful papers on the subject. His character was simple, earnest, and amiable. Some thought him much too credulous in regard to animal magnetism and mesmerism. His views have much in common with the recent theory of telepathy. Besides editing the English editions of Liebig's Animal Chemistry,''Chemistry in its Applications to Agriculture and Physiology,'' Familiar Letters on Chemistry," "Instructions for Chemical Analysis of Organic Bodies,' 'Agricultural Chemistry,' 'Chemistry of Food,' and Researches on the Motion of the Juices in the Animal Body,' Gregory translated and edited Reichenbach's Researches on Magnetism, Electricity, Heat, &c., in their relation to Vital Force,' 1850. He also, with Baron Liebig, edited Edward Turner's Elements of Chemistry.' His own works were: 1. 'Outlines of Chemistry,' 1845; 2nd edition, 1847; divided subsequently into two volumes, 'The Handbook of Inorganic' and Organic Chemistry' respectively, 1853; the latter was issued in Germany, edited by T. Gerding, Brunswick, 1854. 2. Letters to a Candid Inquirer on Animal Magnetism,' 1851. [Edinb. New Philosophical Journal, 1858, new ser. viii. 171-4; Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb. iv. 121.] G. T. B. GREGSON, MATTHEW (1749–1824), antiquary, son of Thomas Gregson, shipbuilder, of Liverpool, previously of Whalley, Lancashire, was born at Liverpool in 1749. He was many years in business as an upholsterer, and when he retired in 1814 had amassed considerable property. Although of deficient education he took a deep interest in literature and science, and especially devoted attention to the collection of documentary and pictorial illustrations of the history of Lancashire. These he used in compiling his Portfolio of Fragments relative to the History and Antiquities of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster,' which he brought out in 1817 in three folio parts. The second and enlarged edition is dated 1824, and the third, edited and indexed by John Harland, came out in 1867. This work led to his election as a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and to his honorary membership of the Newcastleon-Tyne Society of Antiquaries. He was offered knighthood by the prince regent on presenting a copy of the book, but declined the dignity. The Portfolio of Fragments' remains a standard work of reference for local history and genealogy. He wrote often on antiquarian subjects in the '(ientleman's Magazine.' He played an energetic part in developing the public institutions of his native town, especially the Blue Coat School, the Liverpool Library, the Royal Institution, Botanic Gardens, and Academy of Art. He introduced the art of lithography into Liverpool, and used it in his Fragments.' He was elected in 1801 a member of the Society of Arts, and in 1803 received the gold medal of that society for his very great attention to render useful the articles remaining after public fires.' He had shown that paint, varnish, and printers' ink could be produced from burnt grain and sugar (Trans. of Soc. of Arts, xxii. 185). off Anapa on 14 May; on 24 June the place capitulated, and Greig received the rank of full admiral. In conjunction with the Russian land forces he laid siege to Varna, but the place was not taken till two months and a half had elapsed (11 Oct.) During the operations the Emperor Nicholas visited the fleet and stayed on board the Paris, the admiral's ship. After the war was concluded (by the peace of Adrianople 14 Sept. 1829), Greig devoted himself with great earnestness to the organisation of the Russian navy. To him the Russians are indebted for the 1 formation and development of their Black Sea fleet. He died on 30 Jan. 1845 at St. Petersburg, and was buried in the Smolensk cemetery in that city. He was created admiral in attendance on the czar, member of the imperial council, and knight of the order of St. George of the second class, together with other decorations. A monument was erected to his memory at Nicolaev. One of his sons greatly distinguished himself at the siege of Sebastopol. He was a most charitable and hospitable man, and his house, ever open to his acquaintances, acquired the title of 'Gregson's Hotel.' He was twice married, first to Jane Foster; and secondly, to Anne Rimmer of Warrington, and he left several children. He died, on 25 Sept. 1824, aged 75, after a fall from a ladder in his library. A monument to his memory was afterwards placed in St. John's churchyard, Liverpool. [Baines's Lancashire (Harland), ii. 381; Gent. Mag. 1824, pt. ii. p. 378, 1829, pt. ii. p. 652; Smithers's Liverpool, 1825, p. 410; Local Gleanings (Earwaker), 1875, i. 63, 87, 113; Picton's Memorials of Liverpool, 1875, ii. 311; Fishwick's Lancashire Library, p. 57.] C. W. S. GREIG, ALEXIS SAMUILOVICH (1775-1845), admiral in the Russian service, son of Sir Samuel Greig [q. v.], was born at Cronstadt on 18 Sept. 1775. As a reward for the services of his father, he was enrolled at his birth as a midshipman in the Russian navy. He first distinguished himself in the war between Russia and Turkey in 1807, at which time he had attained the rank of rear-admiral. After the engagement off Lemnos in that year, in which the Turks suffered a severe defeat, he was sent by Admiral Seniavin in pursuit of some ships which had escaped to the gulf of Monte Santo; Greig blockaded the Turkish capitan-pasha so closely that he was compelled to burn his vessels and retreat overland. He greatly distinguished himself in the next war between Russia and Turkey (1828-9). While Fieldmarshal Wittgenstein invaded the latter country by land, Greig was entrusted with the task of attacking the fortresses on the coast of Bulgaria and Roumelia, and the eastern shore of the Black Sea. He appeared GREIG, JOHN (1759-1819), mathematician, died at Somers Town, London, 19 Jan. 1819, aged 60 (Gent. Mag. 1819, i. 184). He taught mathematics and wrote: 1. The Young Lady's Guide to Arithmetic,' London, 1798; many editions, the last in 1864. 2.'Introduction to the Use of the Globes,' 1805; three editions. 3. A New Introduction to Arithmetic,' London, 1805. 4. 'A System of Astronomy on the simple plan of Geography,' London, 1810. 5. Astrography, or the Heavens displayed,' London, 1810. 6. The World displayed, or the Characteristic Features of Nature and Art,' London, 1810. [Watt's Bibl. Brit. i. 441; Brit. Mus. Cat.] C. L. K. GREIG, SIR SAMUEL (1735–1788), admiral of the Russian navy, son of Charles Greig, shipowner of Inverkeithing in Fifeshire, and of his wife, Jane, daughter of the Rev. Samuel Charters of Inverkeithing, was born at Inverkeithing on 30 Nov. 1735. After serving some years at sea in merchant ships he entered the royal navy as master's mate on board the Firedrake bomb, in which he served at the reduction of (oree in 1758. He afterwards served in the Royal George during the blockade of Brest in 1759, and in her, carrying Sir Edward Hawke's flag, was pre sent in the decisive action of Quiberon Bay. | foreign policy dependent on the good will of the aliens in its service. In 1780 the armed neutrality' was reduced virtually to an 'armed nullity' by the fact that the navy was not available for service against England (Diaries and Correspondence of the First Earl of Malmesbury, i. 306). On the outbreak of the war with Sweden in 1788 Greig took command of the fleet in the Gulf of Finland, and on 17 July fought a very severe but indecisive action with the Swedes off the island of Hogland. Greig felt that he had not been properly seconded by the superior Russian officers under his command, and sent seventeen of them prisoners to St. Petersburg, charged with having shamefully abandoned the rear-admiral, and being thus guilty of the loss of his ship. They were all, it is said, condemned to the hulks. The force displayed by the Russians was, however, an unpleasant surprise to the Swedes, who had counted on having the command of the sea, and were now obliged to modify their plans, and to act solely on the defensive. Through the autumn Greig held them shut up in Sveaborg; but his health, already failing, gave way under the continued strain, and he died on board his ship on 15-26 Oct. His memory was honoured by a general mourning, and a state funeral in the cathedral at Reval, where 'a magnificent monument has since been erected to mark the place where he lies.' Greig's services to the Russian navy consisted in remodelling the discipline, civilising and educating the officers, and gradually forming a navy which enabled Russia to boast of some maritime strength. He left two sons: Alexis [q. v.], afterwards an admiral in the Russian service; and Samuel, who married his second cousin, Mary, daughter of Sir William George Fairfax [q. v.] and wife, by her second marriage, of Dr. William Somerville. [Gent. Mag. 1788 pt. ii. p. 1125, 1789 pt. i. p. 165; Dublin Univ. Mag. xliv. 156.] J. K. L. GREISLEY, HENRY (1615-1678), translator, born about 1615, was the son of John Greisley of Shrewsbury. In 1634 he was elected from Westminster School to a studentship at Christ Church, Oxford, as a member of which he proceeded B.A. 11 April 1638, M.A. 8 July 1641. For refusing to subscribe the engagement according to act of parliament' he was ejected from his studentship in March 1651 (Register of Visitors of Univ. of Oxf., Camd. Soc., pp. 329, 486). Ọn 28 Sept. 1661 he received institution to the rectory of Stoke-Severn, Worcestershire, and was installed a prebendary of Worcester on 19 April 1672 (WILLIS, Survey of Cathedrals, ii.669). He was buried at Stoke-Severn,having died on 8 June 1678, at the age of sixty-three. | linasloe, in the barony of Clonmacnowen, co. A memorial of him and of his wife Eleanor, Galway, where Grellan afterwards erected a daughter of Gervase Buck of Worcestershire, church. The Fer Bolgs were attacked by a who died 17 Jan. 1703, aged 64, is in Stoke- tribe from Clogher under Maine the Great, but Severn Church. (reisley translated from Grellan intervened and made peace on condithe French of Balzac 'The Prince. . . [by tion that Maine should deliver thrice nine' H. G., 12mo, London, 1648; and from the nobles as hostages to Cian. Cian meditated a French of Senault The Christian Man; or treacherous slaughter of the hostages, when, the Reparation of Nature by Grace' [anon.], at Grellan's prayers, a quagmire opened and 4to, London, 1650. Besides which transla- swallowed up him and his forces. Grellan tions,' says Wood, he hath certain specimens then handed over the territory to Maine, of poetry extant, which have obtained him and in return received the following tribute. a place among those of that faculty.' He He was to have a screpall (3d.) out of every contributed a copy of English verses to the townland, the first-born of every family was Christ Church collection entitled 'Death re- to be dedicated to him; he was also to peal'd' on the death of Paul, viscount Bayn- have the firstlings of pig, sheep, and horse, ing of Sudbury, in June 1638 (pp. 14-15); and the race of Maine were never to be subanother in Latin is in the Horti Carolini dued as long as they held his crozier. This Rosa Altera,' after the queen had given birth crozier was preserved for ages in the family of to a son, Henry, in 1640. O'Cronelly, who were the ancient comharbas, or successors of the saint. It was in existence as late as 1836, when it was in the possession of John Cronelly, the senior representative of the saint's successors, but it is not known what has since become of it. [Wood's Athene Oxon. (Bliss), iii. 1167-8, 1244; Wood's Fasti Oxon. (Bliss), i. 468, 500, ii.3; Welch's Alumni Westmon. (1852), pp. 105, 107; Nash's Worcestershire, ii. 345, 347; Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy (1714), pt. ii. p. 108.] G. G. GREISLEY, SIR ROGER, bart. (18011837), author. [See GRESLEY. GRELLAN, SAINT (A. 500), of CraebhGrellain, in the south-east of the barony of Boyle,co. Roscommon, was the son of C'uillin, son of Cairbre Red-ear, king of Leinster. In the time of Lughaidh, son of Leogaire (483508), great peals of thunder were heard, which St. Patrick interpreted as announcing (rellan's birth and future eminence as a saint. When of age to travel he abandoned his right! of succession to the throne, and accompanied St. Patrick to Ath Cliath Duibhlinne (now Dublin). On this occasion Patrick is said to have composed a poem upon Grellan's future fame (given in Grellan's Life"). They went from Dublin to Duach Galach, king of Connaught, whose wife was delivered of a dead child in the night. It was miraculously restored to life by the saints. As a reward for this Duach granted a tribute to be paid thenceforward by the descendants of the infant to Grellan, and bestowed on him the plain where the miracle was performed, then called Achadh Finnabrach, but afterwards Craebh-Grellain (the Branch of Grellan), from the branch given to him in token of possession by Duach and Patrick. | Grellan, travelling further, settled at Magh Senchineoil (the Plain of the Old Tribe), then the dwelling-place of Cian, king of the Fer Bolgs, who were the inhabitants of that territory. Cian waited on Grellan at Cill, Cluana, now Kilclooney, north-west of Bal i [Betha Grellain MS 23-0.41, Royal Irish Academy; Martyrology of Donegal, p. 303; O'Donovan's Tribes and Customs of Hy-many; Colgan's Acta Sanct. p. 337.] T. 0. GRENE, CHRISTOPHER (1629–1697), jesuit, son of George Grene, by his wife Jane Tempest, and brother of Father Martin Grene [q. v.], was born in 1629 in the diocese of Kilkenny, Ireland, whither his parents, who were natives of England, and belonged to the middle class, had retired on account of the persecution. He made his early studies in Ireland; entered in 1642 the college of the English jesuits at Liège, where he lived for five years; was admitted into the English College at Rome for his higher course in 1647; was ordained priest in 1653; and sent to England in 1654. He entered the Society of Jesus 7 Sept. 1658, and was professed of the four vows 2 Feb. 1668-9. He became English penitentiary first at Loreto, and afterwards at St. Peter's, Rome. In 1692 he was appointed spiritual director at the English College, Rome, and he died there on 11 Nov. 1697. He rendered great service to historical students by collecting the scattered records of the English catholic martyrs, and by preserving materials for the history of the times of persecution in this country. An account of those portions of his manuscript collections which are preserved at Stonyhurst, Oscott, and in the archiepiscopal archives of Westminster is given in Morris's 'Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers,' vol. iii. [Foley's Records, iii. 499, vi. 369, vii. 317; Gillow's Bibl. Dict.; Morris's Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers, iii. 3-7, 118, 315; Oliver's Jesuit Collections, p. 106.] T. C. GRENE, MARTIN (1616-1667), jesuit, son of George Grene, probably a member of one of the Yorkshire families of the name, by his wife Jane Tempest, is said by Southwell to have been born in 1616 at Kilkenny in Ireland, to which country his parents had retired from their native land on account of the persecution; but the provincial's returns of 1642 and 1655 expressly vouch for his being a native of Kent. He was the elder brother of Christopher Grene [q. v.] After studying humanities in the college of the English jesuits at St. Omer, he was admitted to the society in 1638. In 1642 he was a professor in the col-, lege at Liège, and he held important offices in other establishments belonging to the English jesuits on the continent. In 1653 he was stationed in Oxfordshire. He was solemnly professed of the four vows on 3 Dec. 1654. After passing twelve years on the mission he was recalled to Watten, near St. Omer, to take charge of the novices. He died there on 2 Oct. 1667, leaving behind him the reputation of an eminent classic, historian, philosopher, and divine. ing English catholic affairs, which is embodied in Bartoli's 'Istoria della Compagnia di Giesu: L'Inghilterra,' 1667. [Cath. Miscell. ix. 35; De Backer's Bibl. des Écrivains de la Compagnie de Jésus; Foley's Records, iii. 493, vii. 317; Gillow's Bibl. Dict. iii.50; Oliver's Jesuit Collections, p. 106; Southwell's Bibl. Scriptorum Soc. Jesu, p. 586; Ware's Writers of Ireland (Harris), p. 158.] T. C. GRENFELL, JOHN PASCOE (18001869), admiral in the Brazilian navy, born at Battersea on 20 Sept. 1800, was a son of J. G. Grenfell and probably nephew of Pascoe Grenfell [q. v.] When eleven years old he entered the service of the East India Company; but after having made several voyages to India, in 1819 he joined the service of the Chilian republic under Lord Cochrane [see COCHRANE, THOMAS, tenth EARL OF DUNDONALD], was made a lieutenant, and took part in most of Cochrane's exploits in the war of Chilian independence, and notably in the cutting out of the Esmeralda, when he was severely wounded. In 1823 he accompanied Cochrane to Brazil, with the rank of commander, and served under his orders in the war with Portugal, specially distinguishing himself in the reduction of Para. Afterwards, under Commodore Norton, in the action off Buenos Ayres on 29 July 1826, he lost his right arm. He then went to England for the re-establishment of his health, but returned to Brazil in 1828. In 1835-6 he commanded the squadron on the lakes of the province of Rio Grande do Sul against the rebel flotillas, which he captured or destroyed, thus compelling the rebel army to surrender. In 1841 he was promoted to be rear-admiral._ In 1846 he was appointed consul-general in England, His works are: 1. 'An Answer to the Pro- to reside in Liverpool, and in August 1848, vincial Letters published by the Jansenists, while superintending the trial of the Alfonzo, under the name of Lewis Montalt, against a ship of war built at Liverpool for the Brathe Doctrine of the Jesuits and School Di-zilian government, assisted in saving the lives vines,' Paris, 1659, 8vo. A translation from the French, but with considerable improvements of his own, and with a brief history of Jansenism prefixed. 2. An Account of the Jesuites Life and Doctrine. By M. G.,' London, 1661, 12mo. This book was a great favourite with the Duke of York, afterwards James II. 3. 'Vox Veritatis, seu Via Regia ducens ad veram Pacem,' manuscript. This treatise was translated into English by his brother, Francis Grene, and printed at Ghent, 1676, 24mo. 4. The Church History of England,' manuscript, commencing with the reign of Henry VIII. The first volume of this work was ready for the press when the author died. Grene, who was an accomplished antiquary, communicated to Father Daniello Bartoli much information respect of the passengers and crew of the emigrant ship Ocean Monarch, burnt off the mouth of the Mersey. For his exertions at this time he received the thanks of the corporation and the gold medal of the Liverpool Shipwreck Society. In 1851, on war breaking out between Brazil and the Argentine republic, he returned to take command of the Brazilian navy, and in December, after a sharp conflict, forced the passage of the Parana. After the peace he was promoted to be vice-admiral, and later on to be admiral; but in 1852 he returned to Liverpool, and resumed his functions as consul-general, holding the office until his death on 20 March 1869. He married, at Monte Video in 1829, Doña Maria Dolores Masini, and left issue; among others, Harry Tremenheere Grenfell, a captain in the royal |