and to the relief experienced by the coarsest youthful burglar was his own brother; and he natures at the consummation of a deed too fright- found it necessary to leave the country. He ful for humanity to contemplate. It was some turned his inheritance into money, and embarked time before the mass of spectators began to for Charleston, America, in the barque Cleopatra, thoroughly separate, and they were still standing from Liverpool. When off the Scilly Islands, the in large clusters, spite of the bitter, falling weather, Cleopatra was chased by a French privateer. She when a carriage, furiously driven, with the body escaped; but one of the few shots fired at her of a female, who was screaming vehemently and from the privateer was fatal to the life of Andrew waving a white handkerchief, projected half out Bridgman. He was almost literally cut in two, of one of the windows, was seen approaching by and expired instantaneously. Some friends to the London Road. The thought appeared to whom I have related this story deem his death strike every one that a respite or reprieve had an accident; others, a judgment: I incline, I come for one or more of the prisoners, and hun- must confess, to the last opinion. The wealth dreds of eyes were instantly turned towards the with which he embarked was restored to Mrs. scaffold, only to see that if so it had arrived too Bridgman, who soon afterwards removed to late. The carriage stopped at the gate of the London, where she lived many years,-sad ones, building. A lady, dressed in deep mourning, was no doubt, but migitated and rendered endurable hastily assisted out by a young man with her, by the soothing balm of a clear conscience. At similarly attired, and they both disappeared with- her decease, not very many years ago, the whole in the jail. After some parleying, I ascertained of her property was found to be bequeathed to that I had sufficent influence to obtain admission, various charitable institutions of the metropolis. and a few moments afterwards I found myself in Eliza Cook's Journal. the press-room. The young man-Mr. Andrew Bridgman, was there, and the lady, who had fallen fainting upon one of the benches, was his mother. The attendants were administering restoratives to her, without effect, till an inner door opened, and the under-sheriff, by whom she was personally known, entered; when she started FRANCIS DRAKE, one of the most brilliant names up and interrogated, with the mute agony of her in the naval history of England, was born of wet, yet gleaming eyes, the dismayed and dis-obscure parentage, at Tavistock, in Devonshire, tressed official. "Let me entreat you, my dear in 1545. He was the eldest of twelve sons, all madam," he faltered, "to retire. This is a most painful-fright "No-no, the truth!-the truth!" shrieked the unfortunate lady, wildly clasping her hands, "I shall bear that best!" "Then I grieve to asy," replied the undersheriff, "that the marks you describe-two on the left, and one on the right arm, are distinctly visible." A piercing scream, broken by the words, "My son!-oh God!-my son!" burst from the wretched mother's lips, aud she fell heavily, and without sense or motion, upon the stone floor. Whilst the under-sheriff and others raised and ministered to her, I glanced at Mr. Andrew Bridgman. He was as white as the lime-washed wall against which he stood, and the fire that burned in his dark eyes was kindled-it was plain to me-by remorse and horror, not by grief alone. The cause of the sudden appearance of the mother and son at the closing scene of this sad drama was afterwards thus explained:-Andrew Bridgman, from the moment that all hope of procuring a commutation of the sentence on the so-called Robert Williams had ceased, became exceedingly nervous and agitated, and his discomposure seemed to but augment as the time yet to elapse before the execution of the sentence passed away. At length, unable longer to endure the goadings of a tortured conscience, he suddenly burst into the room where his mother sat at breakfast, on the very morning his brother was to die, with an open letter in his hand, by which he pretended to have just heard that Robert Williams was the long-lost Mark Bridgman! The sequel has been already told. The conviction rapidly spread that Andrew Bridgman had been from the first aware that the SIR FRANCIS DRAKE. BORN A.D. 1545.- -DIED A.D. 1596. of whom, with few exceptions, went to sea. Francis was early apprenticed to the master of a small vessel that traded to France and the Low Countries, who, dying unmarried, left him his ship in reward of his faithful services. At this time the West Indies had not been long discovered, and little was talked of amongst merchant-seamen but the riches of this new country and the wealth to be got by trading with it. Drake, too, was dazzled by the prospect of an adventure to the West Indies, and having sold the vessel of which he had so lately become possessed, embarked the proceeds in what was then called the Guinea-trade, and sailed from England in the squadron of Captain John Hawkins. The regular course of this trade was to repair first to the Guinea coast, and, by force, fraud, and other means, procure a cargo of slaves, and then to proceed to the Spanish islands and colonies, where the Africans were exchanged for such commodities as were most marketable at home. Hawkin's squadron having completed their cargo of slaves sailed for Spanish America, and entered the port of St. Juan de Ulloa, in the gulf of Mexico, where they were treacherouslyattacked by the Spanish fleet, and four of their vessels destroyed. The Minion, with Hawkins himself on board, and the Judith, commanded by Drake, were the only English ships that escaped on this occasion. Drake lost his whole property in this unfortunate adventure, but, though oppressed and impover ished, he retained at least his courage and his industry; and, with that. ardent spirit which prompted him to, and bore him through, so many adventures, he instantly projected and executed a new voyage to America, with the view of gaining accurate intelligence of the state of the Spanish settlements in that quarter, preparatory to a grand expedition against them. This first ex-fully in sobriety as ever in their lives they had perimental voyage took place in 1570; but Drake's first attempt at reprisal upon a large scale was made in 1572. On the 24th of May, that year, he sailed from Plymouth in the Pasha, of 70 tons, accompanied by the Swan, of 25 tons; the latter vessel being placed under the command of his brother John. The whole force with which Drake set out on this occasion, to make reprisals upon the most powerful nation in the world, consisted of these two light vessels, slightly armed, and supplied with a year's provisions, and 78 men and boys. He, probably, however, increased his force during the cruise, and we know that he was joined before his attack on Nombre de Dios, by one Captain Rause, whose ship was manned by about His attack on Nombre de Dios failed, but, shortly after, he had the good fortune to capture a string of treasure-mules, on the route from Panama to that port. It was during the hurried march which he made across the isthmus, with the view of effecting this capture, that Drake caught his first sight of the Pacific, from "a goodly and great high tree," a sight which, to use the words of Camden, "left him no rest in his own mind till he had accomplished his purpose of sailing an English ship in those seas." 50 men. done; and, taking their leaves, by drinking to After his return to England from this successful expedition, we find Drake acting as a volunteer with three stout frigates, under Essex, in subduing the Irish rebellion. His services on this occasion enabled Sir Christopher Hatton to present him with many recommendations to Queen Elizabeth, who, pleased with the young mariner's appearance and account of himself, promised him her patronage and assistance for the future. Drake now announced his scheme of a voyage into the south seas, through the Straits of Magellan, and Elizabeth secretly encouraged his design. It was of importance to conceal the matter from the Spaniards. The squadron, therefore, which Drake collected for his new expedition was ostensibly fitted out for a trading voyage to Alexandria. It consisted of five small vessels, the largest, called the Pelican, being only 500 tons, and the aggregate crew only 164 men. A violent gale forced them back, soon after quitting port, and did considerable damage to the little squadron; but, on the 13th of December, 1577, they again put to sea, and, on the 20th of May, 1578, the squadron anchored in the Port St. Julian of Magellan, in 40° 30′ south latitude. Here," says one relation, "we found the gibbet still standing on the main where Magellan did execute justice upon some of his rebellious and discontented company." Whether Drake took the hint thus suggested from his predecessor or not, he embraced the opportunity afforded him during the stay of the fleet at this place to bring one of the partners of his expedition to trial on a charge of conspiracy and mutiny. The accounts which we possess of this transaction are by no means clear or corroborating. We know, in fact, little more of it than Cliffe has expressed in one brief sentence, "Mr. Thomas Doughty was brought to his answer,-accused, convicted, and behead-forthwith. ed." Mr. Francis Fletcher, the chaplain of the flect, states that Drake took the sacrament with Doughty after his condemnation, and that they then dined together "at the same table, as cheer In 1585, Sir Francis sailed, with an armament of twenty-five sail, to the West Indies, and captured the cities of St. Jago, St. Domingo, and Carthagena. His vice-admiral in this expedition was the celebrated Martin Frobisher. His next exploit was an attack upon the shipping of Cadiz, which was to have made part of the armada. In this service he was completely successful, having burnt upwards of 10,000 tons of shipping in that harbour. A more lucrative, if less splendid, achievement, was the capture of the St. Phillip, a Portuguese carrack from the West Indies, with an immense treasure on board. In the following year, he was appointed vice-admiral under Howard, high-admiral of England, and acquitted himself most nobly and successfully in the ever-memorable fight with the armada. In 1595, Sir Francis was, for a short time, associated with Sir John Hawkins, in an expedition against the West Indies. The expedition proved fatal to both its commanders. Within little more than two months after the death of Sir John Hawkins, Admiral Drake expired on board his own ship, off Porto Bello, on the 28th of January, 1596. FOREST GLEANINGS. "A few leaves gathered by the wayside." THE RICE LAKE PLAINS. foreground of the picture was filled up with a group of poor Irish immigrants-picturesque even in their dirt and wretchedness, which happily the distance concealed from my eyes. Their blazing log fires, around which they reposed or moved, gave broad light and shadow to the scene, and would have rejoiced the heart of a painter. Our little steamer (she was thought a wonderful affair in those days) lying at the rude wharf, ready to receive her motley cargo of live and dead stock, by early morning's light, completed the picture. At the period of which I write, there were not more than five or six settlers on the Rice Lake plains. Few emigrants of the better class had been found with taste enough to appreciate the beauties of the scenery, and judgment sufficient to form a correct estimate of the capabilities of the soil. By most people it was regarded as utterly unfitted for cultivation. The light loam that forms the upper stratum which on first turning the soil, is of a yellow color, but which darkens by exposure to the air, was at first sight declared to be sand, and not worth the labour of clearing. Land on the plains was a drug in the land market, and so continued till within the last six years, and the few who in defiance of public prejudice, bought, builded, and cultivated farms on the plains, were regarded as visionaries, who were amusing themselves with hopes that would empty their pockets, but, not fill their barns. Among the very few who chose to think for himself on this matter, was that highly respectable, and intelligent gentleman, William Falkner, for many years a District Judge in this portion of the colony, who may with justice be termed the "Patriarch of the Plains," after many, many years of solitude, he has lived to see his hopes realized, and his judgment confirmed. The plains are now settled in every direction, the despised, sandy desert, has become a fruitful garden, "the land is at rest and breaks forth into singing." It is now found to be highly productive for every sort of grain and green crop, and for gardens it is unequalled. TWENTY years ago, I passed over the Rice Lake Plains, by the rich but uncertain light of an August twilight. We had just emerged from the long, dark forest of pines through which in those by gone days the rough, hilly, and deeply channelled road lay, forming the only line of direct communication between Cobourg and Sully and thence to the town of Peterboro', at that date containing about 300 inhabitants. It was the second day after my arrival from Montreal, and a thousand vivid recollections of the country of my birth-my own beloved and beautiful England, were freshly painted as it were upon my heart. Nevertheless I was charmed with the beauties that even a partial glance of the fair lake and her islands revealed to my admiring eyes. Weary and worn as I was with recent illness. (I had gone through the ordeal of the cholera at Montreal, and was still weak from the effects of that direful disease) I wandered out into the moonlight, and climbing the rough snake fence that encircled the orchard ground, I stood on the steep hill above the old log tavern, and gazed abroad with delight upon the scene before me. There lay the lake, a sheet of moon-lit crystal reflecting in her quiet depths the wood-crowned islands; while beyond stretched the dark mysterious forest, unbroken, save by the Indian village, and I know of no place more suitable for the Capiain Anderson's clearing, which looked residence of an English gentleman's family. like a little oasis in the wilderness, that girded There is hardly a lot of land that might not it in on three sides. I thought of my own be converted into a park. The noble oaks future home, and said to myself "will it be like this?" How busy was fancy-how cheering was hope that night. Beneath me lay the rude tavern, and its still ruder offices; and the VOL. I.-X For years that lovely lake haunted my memory, and I longed to return again to it; and fondly cherished the hope, that one day I might find a home among its hills and vales. The day dream has been realized; and from the "Oaklands," I now look towards the distant bay beyond the hills where I spent my first night on the Rice Lake Plains, and can say, as I then said "truly it is a fair and lovely spot." and majestic pines, (not here as in the forest, subject to certain destruction and overthrow) form an enduring ornament, to be cut down or left to grace the clearings, at the taste of the owner, an advantage which is not to be looked for in the woods, or on old long cleared lands, where few have been planted, and none left. Here, too, the diversity of hill and valley, wood and water, afford such delightful building sites, that you can hardly choose amiss. The excellence of the roads, and facility of water transport, are great advantages, and, what many persons will regard as a still greater inducement is the society, which is principally English and Scotch, with a few Irish settlers of the higher class. Mills are in operation on the lake shore; a village in progress, with stores and taverns, steamers plying upon the lake, and a railroad is being surveyed which is to cross the lake, and form a rapid communication between Cobourg and the far back country. Such are the changes that a few brief years have effected on these despised Rice Lake Plains. A Professor of phrenology once lectured on a cast of her head, it had been sent to him, anony. mously, he knew not even whether it was that of a male or female; after having remarked on the extraordinary power and talent developed in the intellectual organ, he spoke of the moral organs, and, pointing to the cast, said, so finely developed is the region of conscienciousness, that I should say of the original," that person would not condescend to tell an untruth under any temptation." He was right, as a child she never told a lie to save herself from the severest punishment. BY ONE WHO KNEW HER WELL. HURRAH FOR THE FOREST. A SONG FOR THE WOOD. Hurrah for the forest, the old pinewood forest, As gaily we're singing, O merry it is in the cold winter time. Hurrah for the forest, the dark pinewood forest, snow, When with hearts beating lightly, Hurrah for the forest, the dark waving forest, And the wolf from his lair DIAMOND CUT DIAMOND.-A FAIR RETORT.-An elderly lady who prided herself on her bluntness in plain parlance her rude speeches, greeted her niece (a very handsome girl) whom she had not seen since she was a babe, with the pleasing re mark. "Well, Jane, can that be you? why my dear you were the prettiest baby I ever saw in my life— but they say that the prettiest children grow up the ugliest men and women." The offended beauty slightly elevated her eyebrows, and replied with great coolness. "So I have heard aunt, what a remarkably pretty baby you must have been!" The aunt had not a word to say in reply, it struck home. THE FIRST "TARIFF MEN."-Nor is the true And the deer shall start up from his dark leafy derivation of "tariff" unworthy to be traced. We screen. O wail for the forest, the proud stately forest, O wail for the forest, its glories are o'er. C. P. T.. all know what it means, namely, a fixed scale of duties levied upon imports. If you turn to a map of Spain, you will take note at its southern point, and, running out into the Straits of Gibraltar, of a promontory, which from its position is admirably adapted for commanding the entrance of the Mediterranean Sea, and watching the exit and entrance of all ships. A fortress stands upon this promontory, called now, as it was also called in the times of the Moorish domination in Spain, "Tariffa;" the name is indeed of Moorish origin. It was the custom of the Moors to watch from this ANECDOTE OF THE AUTHORESS OF THE QUEENS point all merchant-ships going into, or coming out OF ENGLAND.-When A. S. was a child of three of, the Midland Sea; and, issuing from this strongor four years old, Peter Simons, the careful old hold, to levy duties according to fixed scale on all merchandise passing in and out of the straits, and Scotch gardener, found her seated among the this was called, from the place where it was levied, boughs of one of the old apple trees in the garden" tarifa," or "tariff:" and in this way we have and on his bidding her come down, she at first acquired the word.-R. C. Trench. SEDERUNT IV. [The Doctor and Major are discovered with books, manuscripts, &c., before them.] THE MAJOR loquitur.-I have been much interested with a communication received this morning on the subject of the "Law of Copyright as applied to Canada" but have been so interrupted that I have not had time to finish it; suppose, Doctor, as we have a moment's breathing time you read it to me. THE DOCTOR with pleasure, reads: THE LAW OF COPYRIGHT IN CANADA. "IT may be right, on Free Trade principles, to allow foreigners the privileges of British subjects; it must be wrong to allow foreigners a privilege denied to British subjects. Foreigners bring here their re-prints of British copyrights subject to 12 per cent. duty; British subjects here cannot re-print them at all. many MAJOR.-Ah! there is one of the disadvantages under which we labour, as, while we admit, free of duty, books from all countries, except A FEW American reprints of British copyrights IN THE CUSTOM HOUSE LIST, we cannot send any work to the Mother Country, except under a duty that virtually amounts to a prohibition; and even our reciprocity-loving neighbours on the other side of the lakes charge us a minimum duty of 10 per cent.,-the maximum duty in many instances amounting to 20 per cent..-while we admit their works, as I before said, with some few exceptions, free. However, I am interrupting. Pray go on. DOCTOR Continues: "Money and labour are thus driven from us to enrich rivals who levy heavy duties on our produce and on British manufactures; thus literary enterprise, the life of a people, is discouraged, and our reading mostly limire-prints of them, or mutilated American ted to original American works, Canadian re-prints of British works, as the works themselves are too expensive. tilated re-prints' for the spirit of improveI say 'mument (?) is so rife among American publishers, that, like the English sexton who whitewashed the old statues in the parish church to make them look decent,' they can leave nothing alone. To save space, to conciliate American prejudices, and perhaps to make the work tell against Canada, the introductory and explanatory chapter, with some loyal stanzas, are omitted, in the American reprint of Mrs. Moodie's 'Roughing it in the for their mock modesty; so 'Family ShakeBush.' Shakespeare is not delicate enough speares are manufactured; other classic English writers are admitted to a similar process, while the most obscene books are freely circulated. Such sentences in Alison's ideas of liberty (?) and equality" must be History of Europe as 66 conflict with American omitted. Macauly does not know how to spell; therefore a leading publishing house generously pays a person to give him lessons: in Webster's Dictionary. Their own great Washington is not safe; the greater Professor Sparks undertakes to give him lessons: and phraseology have been altered to suit in grammar; in several cases his meaning the professor's pigmy proprieties. Speaking of Putnam in one of his letters, Washington I called him 'old Put.' Jared thinks this undignified, and alters it to 'General Putnam,' so in numerous other instances, according to a writer in the 'Literary World,' yet |