1. A boy bought a velocipede for 7 dollars, and sold it afterwards for 5 dollars. How much did he lose?

2. In one class there are 13 pupils, and in another 8. How many more are there in one than in the other?

3. John worked 19 hours, but his brother only 8. How much longer did John work than his brother? 4. Frederic had 28 marbles, but gave his sister 7. How many had he left?

5. Henry had 15 pigeons; but he gave away 5, and 7 flew away. How many had he remaining?

6. One day William bought 13 apples, another day 4 plums, and another day 5 plums. How many more apples did he buy than plums?

7. How many are 11 less 4? 21 less 4? 31 less 4? 41 less 4? 51 less 4? 61 less 4? 71 less 4? 81 less 4? 91 less 4? 101 less 4?

8. How many are 14 less 7? 24 less 7? 34 less 7? 44 less 7? 54 less 7? 64 less 7? 74 less 7? 84 less 7? 94 less 7? 104 less 7?

9. Subtract by threes from 59 to 2.

10. Subtract by fours from 59 to 3.

11. If I buy 12 cents' worth of writing-paper, 5 cents' worth of pens, and hand the seller a 25-cent piece, how much change ought he to give me?

12. James owed William 25 cents, and William bought of James a knife for 20 cents. How much does James still owe William ?

13. If George buys a knife for 37 cents and sells it for 45, how much does he make?

14. If from 43 chickens 11 are sold to one man and 9 to another, how many are left?

32. Only numbers of the same kind can be subtracted from each other; thus, we can take 4 books from 7 books; but we cannot take 4 books from 7 marbles.

33. Subtraction is the process of finding the difference between two numbers of the same kind.

34. The greater number is called the Minuend; the less number is called the Subtrahend; and the result is called the Difference or Remainder.

35. The sign of subtraction, -, called minus, signifies that the number after it is to be taken from the number before it; thus, 624, that is, six minus two, or six diminished by two, equals four.

Minuend, 569
Subtrahend, 257
Remainder, 312

Write units under units, tens under tens, etc., as in addition. Then 7 units from 9 units leave 2 units, which we write under the units' column; 5 tens from 6 tens leave 1 ten, which we write under the tens' column; 2 hundreds from 5 hundreds leave 3 hundreds, which we write under the hundreds' column. The remainder then is 3 hundreds, 1 ten, 2 units, or 312.

60. James has 25 dollars, and Arthur has 15 dollars. How many more has James than Arthur?

61. One book has 76 pages, and another 34 pages. How many more has one than the other?

62. One railroad is 478 miles long, another is 354 miles long. How much longer is the one than the other?

63. A farmer paid 567 dollars for some cows, and sold them for 436 dollars. How much did he lose? 64. I had 987 dollars, but gave a friend 75 dollars. How much had I remaining?

65. A bridge was 275 feet long; and the river was only 54 feet wide. How much greater was the length of the bridge than the width of the river?

66. A farm was sold for 869 dollars, which cost 707 dollars. How many dollars were gained by the sale?

67. Robert found 278 chestnuts, Walter 107, and Edward 120. How many more did Robert find than Walter and Edward together?

68. Alice went to school 283 days, and Mary 171. How much longer did Alice go than Mary?

37. ORAL EXERCISES.

69. On one tree 25 apples were growing, and on another 9; but 10 have been picked from the first tree, and 5 from the second. How many apples re-, main on the trees?

70. James had 33 cents, and George gave him 7, Charles 6, Samuel 9, John 8; and then he paid 12 cents for a top. How many cents had he left?

71. A farmer had $65 in his pocket, paid $33 for a cow, $8 for a sheep, and $10 for farming tools. How much money did he have left?

72. A grocer sold a tub of butter for $12, some cheese for $9, and a lot of apples for 4. How much change must he give to the purchaser, who hands him in payment a $50 bill?

73. From a drove of 35 sheep the owner sold to one man 13, to another 8, and to another 4. How many were left in the drove?

74. A lady had a basket containing 34 apples. She distributed 8 in one family, 5 in another, 9 in another, 6 in another, and in another all that remained in the basket. How many did the last family receive?

75. A grocer bought a tub of butter for $10, a lot of cheese for $8, a barrel of sugar for $25, and sold the whole lot for $51. How much did he gain?

76. A lady went shopping with $50 in her purse. She bought a silk dress for $17, a bonnet for $5, 9 pairs of gloves for $2, a pair of shoes for $4, and then spent sundry small sums till she found she had $20 left. How much did she spend for sundries?

77. A boy received from his father 25 cents and from his mother 20. He then paid 12 cents for a picture-book, 10 for candy, and 8 for nuts. How many cents did he have left?