For the several months of the years 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, Mr. Pearson spent the following sums in his purchases:

194. In Jan. and Feb. 1892 and Jan. and Feb. 1893.

195. In March and April 1892 and March and April, 1894.

196. In the summer months of 1893 and those of 1894.

197. In the first three months of 1892 and the first three of 1893.

198. In the spring months of 1892 and those of 1893.

199. In the last three months of 1893 and the last three of 1895.

In like manner, by various combinations of the sums given above, as many examples as may be needed for practice can be made.

1. If 1 orange costs 4 cents, what will 3 oranges cost?

Solution. If 1 orange costs 4 cents, 3 will cost (4 +4 + 4) cents 12 cents; that is, 3 will cost 3 times 4 cents, or 12 cents.

=

2. At $2 a bushel what are 2 bushels of chestnuts worth? What are 3 worth?

3. What cost 3 oranges at 2 cents apiece? 4 oranges? 5 oranges? 6 oranges?

4. At $4 a yard what will 3 yards of cloth cost? What will 5 yards cost? What will 4 yards cost? What will 6 yards cost?

5. If there are 2 pints in a quart, how many pints are there in 6 quarts? In 8 quarts? In 9 quarts? In 10 quarts and 1 pint?

6. If there are 4 quarts in a gallon, how many quarts are there in 3 gallons? In 5 gallons? In 7 gallons?

7. If I sell 3 cords of wood at $6 a cord, and 6 barrels of apples at $2 a barrel, how many dollars shall I receive for the wood? How many for the apples? How many for both?

8. At 8 cents a pound, what will 4 pounds of sugar cost? 5 pounds? 7 pounds? 8 pounds? 9 pounds? 10 pounds?

9. Mary bought 3 yards of ribbon at 7 cents a yard, and 4 yards of calico at 9 cents a yard. How much did the whole cost?

10. What cost 9 yards of cotton cloth at 8 cents a yard? 10 yards?

11. If a horse travels 6 miles an hour, how many miles will he travel in 5 hours? In 7 hours? In 8 hours?

12. In a certain orchard with 11 trees in each row. in the orchard?

there are 8 rows of trees, How many trees are there

13. How much more is 7 times 7 than 6 times 8? 9 times 9 than 8 times 10?

14. Jane buys 8 skeins of silk at 3 cents a skein, and hands to the salesman a 25-cent piece. How much change ought she to receive back?

15. Take 9, subtract 6, multiply the result by 3, then add 3, multiply by 4, subtract 37, multiply by 5; result?

16. How many are 2 × 3? 3 x 2? 4 x 3? 4 × 5? 8 × 4? 2 × 5? 5 × 2? 3 × 7? 9 x 5? 7 × 6? 5 x 8? 7 x 9? 6 x 4? 11 x 4? 8 x 9? 9 x 4? 8 × 4? 3 × 9? 7 × 10? 3 × 11?

17. How many are 6 x 6? 5 × 4? 9 × 6? 7 × 8? 6 × 5? 10 × 7? 4 × 7? 9 x 11? 6 × 10? 5 x 7 ? 7 x 4? 3 x 10? 2 x 11?

18. How many are 4 x 12? 12 × 4? 8 × 2?

5 x 9? 11 × 6? 9 × 7? 5 × 5? 7 x 7? 8 x 11? 12 × 3? 10 × 4? 7 × 3? 5 × 3?

19. How many are 6 x 11? 10 x 6? 5 x 10? 8 x 8? 4 x 11? 8 x 6? 9 x 3? 2 x 9? 8 × 5? 12 × 2? 3 × 8?

20. How many are

9 x 8? 5 x 11?

7 × 5? 8 x 7? 12 × 6? 6 × 12? 10 x 9? 9 x 9? 5 × 6? 12 x 5? 6 × 7? 11 × 7? 11 x 3? 7 x 11? 3 x 6?

42. Multiplication is the process of finding how many units there are in any number of times a given number.

The Multiplicand is the number to be repeated.

The Multiplier is the number which shows how many times the multiplicand is to be taken.

The Product is the result of the multiplication.

The Multiplicand and Multiplier are called Factors.

43. The sign of multiplication, x, signifies that the two numbers between which it stands are to be multiplied together; thus, 6 × 5 = 30, that is, six multiplied by five equals thirty; or, six times five are thirty.

44. The multiplier is always an abstract number.

The product is of the same kind as the multiplicand.

Thus, in Ex. 1, the multiplier is 3, not 3 oranges. We cannot take 4 cents 3 oranges times; but we take 4 cents 3 times, that is, as many times as there are units in the number of oranges, and the answer is cents, 3 times 4 cents 12 cents.