Lazarus; who, after having communicated their respective full powers, and found them in good and due form, have agreed upon the following points and articles:

Art. 1. There shall be hereafter between his Britannic majesty and his Imperial majesty of all the Russias, their subjects, the states and countries under their dominion, good and unalterable friendship and understanding; and all the political, commercial, and other relations of common utility between the respective subjects shall subsist, as formerly, without their being disturbed or troubled in any manner whatever.

Art. 2. His Britannic majesty and the emperor of all the Russias declare, that they will watch over the most rigorous execution of the prohibitions against the trade of contraband of their subjects with the enemies of either of the high contracting parties.

Art. 3. His Britannic majesty and his Imperial majesty of all the Russias having resolved to place, under a sufficient safeguard, the freedom of commerce, and navigation of their subjects, in case one of them shall be at war, whilst the other shall be neuter, have agreed:

1. That the ships of the neutral power may navigate freely to the ports, and upon the coasts of the nations at war.

2. That the effects embarked on board neutral ships shall be free, with the exception of contraband of war, and of enemy's property; and it is agreed not to comprise, in the number of the latter, the merchandize of the produce, growth, or manufacture of the countries at war, which should have been acquired by the subjects of the neutral power, and should be transported for their account, which merchandize cannot be accepted in any case from the freedom granted to the flag of the said power.

3. That in order to avoid all equivocation and misunderstanding of what ought to be considered as contraband of war, his Britannic majesty, and his Imperial majesty of all the Russias declare, conformably to the 11th article of the treaty of commerce concluded tween the two crowns, on the 10-21 February 1797, That they acknowledge as such the following objects only; viz. cannons, mortars, fire arms, pistols, bombs, grenades, balls, bullets, firelocks, flints, matches, gunpowder, saltpetre, sulphur, cuirasses, pikes, swords, sword belts, knapsacks, saddles, and bridles, exceptng, however, the quantity of the said articles which may be necessary for the defence of the ship, and of those who compose the crew; and all other articles whatever, not enumerated here, shall not be reputed warlike and naval stores, nor be subject to confiscation, and of course shall pass freely, without being subjected to the smallest difficulty, unless they be considered enemy's property in the sense above specified. It is also agreed that that which is stipulated in the present

article shall not be prejudicial to the particular stipulations of one or the other crown with other powers, by which objects of a similar kind should be reserved, prohibited or permitted.

4. That, in order to determine what characterizes a blockaded port, that denomination is given only to a port where there is, by the dispositions of the power which attacks it with ships stationary, or sufficiently near, an evident danger in entering.

5. That the ships of the neutral power shall not be stopped but upon just causes and evident facts: that they be tried without delay; and that the proceeding be always uniform, prompt, and legal.

In order the better to insure the respect due to these stipulations, dictated by the sincere desire of conciliating every interest, and to give a new proof of their uprightness and love of justice, the high contracting parties enter here into the most formal engagement to renew the severest prohibitions to their captains, whether of ships of war, or merchantmen, to take, keep, or conceal, on board their ships, any of the objects which, in the terms of the present convention may be reputed contraband, and respectively to take care of the execution of the orders which they shall have published in their admiralties, and wherever it shall be necessary.

Art. 4. The two high contracting parties, wishing also to prevent all subject of dissension in future, by limiting the right of search of merchant ships going under convoy to those cases only in which the belligerent power might experience a real preju dice by the abuse of the neutral flag, have agreed,

1. That the right of searching merchant ships belonging to the subjects of one of the contracting parties, and navigating under convey of a ship of war of the said power, shall only be exercised by ships of war of the belligerent party, and shall never extend to letters of marque, privateers, or other vessels, which do not belong to the royal or imperial fleets of their majesties, but which their subjects shall have fitted out for war.

2. That the proprietors of all merchant ships belonging to the subjects of one of the contracting sovereigns, which shall be destined to sail under convoy of a ship of war, shall be required, before they receive their sailing orders, to produce to the commander of the convoy their passports and certificates, or sea letters, in the forin annexed to the present treaty.

3. That when such ship of war, having under convoy merchant ships, shall be met with by a ship or ships of war, of the other contracting party, who shall then be in a state of war, in order to avoid all disorder, they shall keep out of cannon shot, unless the state of the sea, or the place of meeting, render a nearer approach necessary; and the commander of the ship of the belligerent power

shall send a boat on board the convoy, where they shall proceed reciprocally to the verification of the papers and certificates that are to prove on one part, that the ship of war is authorized to take under its escort such or such merchant ships of its nation, laden with such a cargo, and for such a port; on the other part, that the ship of war of the belligerent party belongs to the royal or imperial fleet of their majesties.

4. This verification made, there shall be no pretence for any search, if the papers are found in form, and if there exists no good motive for suspicion. In the contrary case, the commander of the neutral ship of war (being duly required thereto by the commander of the ship or ships of war of the belligerent power) is to bring to, and detain his convoy during the time necessary for the search of the ships which compose it, and he shall have the faculty of nan.ing and delegating one or more officers to assist at the search of the said ships, which shall be done in his presence on board each merchant ship, conjointly with one or more officers appointed by the commander of the ship of the belligerent party.

5. If it happens that the commander of the ship or ships of the power at war, having examined the papers found on board, and having interrogated the master and crew of the ship, shall see just and sufficient reason to detain the merchant ship, in order to proceed to an ulterior search, he shall notify such intention to the commander of the convoy, who shall have the power to order an officer to remain on board the ship thus detained, and to assist at the examination of the cause of her detention. The merchant ships shall be carried immediately to the nearest and most convenient port belonging to the belligerent power, and the ulterior search shall be carried on with all possible diligence.

Art. 5. It is in like manner agreed, that if any merchant ship, thus convoyed, should be detained without just and sufficient cause, the commander of the ship or ships of war of the belligerent power shall not only be bound to make to the owners of the ship and of the cargo a full and perfect compensation for all the losses, expenses, damages, and costs, occasioned by such a detention, but shall moreover undergo an ulterior punishment for every act of violence or other fault which he may have committed, according as the nature of the case may require. On the other hand, the convoying ship shall not be permitted, under any pretext whatsoever, to resist by force the detention of the merchant ship or ships of war of the belligerent power; an obligation to which the commander of a ship of war with convoy is not bound to observe towards letters of marque and pri

vateers.

Art. 6. The high contracting parties shall give precise and efficacious orders, that the Judgments upon prizes made at sea shall be conformable with the rules of the most exact

justice and equity; that they shall be given by judges above suspicion, and who shall not be interested in the affair in question. The government of the respective states shall take care that the said decisions shall be speedily and duly executed, according to the forms prescribed, and, in case of an unfounded detention, or other contravention to the regulations stipulated by the present article, the owners of such ship and cargo shall be allowed damages proportioned to the loss occasioned thereby. The rules to observe for these damages, and for the case of unfounded detention, as also the principles to follow for the purpose of accelerating the process shall be the matter of additional articles, which the contracting parties agree to settle between them, and which shall have the same force and validity as if they were inserted in the present act. For this effect, their Britannic and Imperial majesties mutually engage to put their hand to the salutary work which may serve for the completion of these stipulations, and to communicate to each other without delay, the views which may be suggested to them by their equal solicitude to prevent the least grounds for dispute in future."

Art. 7. To obviate all the inconveniences which may arise from the bad faith of those who avail themselves of the flag of a nation without belonging to it, it is agreed to establish, for an invariable rule, that any vessel whatever, in order to be considered as the property of the country the flag of which it carries, must have on board the captain of the ship, and one half of the crew, of the people of that country, and the papers and passports in due and perfect form; but every vessel which shall not observe this rule, and which shall infringe the ordinances published on that head, shall lose all rights to the protection of the contracting powers.

Art. 8. The principles and measures adopted by the present act shall be alike applicable to all the maritime wars in which one of the two powers may be engaged, whilst the other remains neutral. These stipulations shall in consequence be regarded as permanent, and shall serve for a constant rule to the contracting powers in matters of commerce and na'vigation.

Art. 9. His majesty the king of Denmark and his majesty the king of Sweden, shall be immediately invited by his Imperial majesty, in the name of the two contracting parties, to accede to the present convention, and at the same time to renew and confirm their respective treaties of commerce with his Britaunic majesty; and his said majesty engages, by acts which shall have established that agreement, to render and restore to each of these powers all the prizes that have been taken from them, as well as the territories and countries under their dominion, which have been conquered by the arms of his Britannic majesty since the rupture, in the state in

over authorized the undersigned plenipoten- | tiary to declare, as he does declare, by these presents:

“That all the ships, the merchandize, and the property of British subjects, which had been sequestrated during the last reign in Russia, shall not only be faithfully restored to the said British subjects, or to their agents, but also that for the effects which may have been alienated in such a manner as to render it impossible for them to be restored in kind, a suitable equivalent shall be granted to the proprietors, which equivalent shall be hereafter determined according to the rules of equity."

In faith of which we, plenipotentiary of his Imperial majesty of all the Russias, have signed the present declaration; and have caused the seal of our arms to be affixed thereto. Done at Saint Petersburgh, the 5-17th June 1801.

(L. S.) N. C. DE PANIN.

Copy of the Preliminary Articles of Peace with France.] Lord Hawkesbury also presented the following

COPY OF PRELIMINARY ARTICLES OF PEACE between HIS MAJESTY and the FRENCH REPUBLIC; signed at London the 1st of October 1801.

His majesty the king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the first consul of the French republic, in the name of the French people, being animated with an equal desire of putting an end to the calamities of a destructive war, and of reestablishing union and good understanding between the two countries, have named for this purpose; namely, his Britannic majesty, the right honourable Robert Banks Jenkinson, commonly called lord Hawkesbury, one of his Britannic majesty's most honourable privy council, and his principal secretary of state for foreign affairs; and the first consul of the French republic, in the name of the French people, citizen Lewis William Otto, commissary for the exchange of French pri soners in England; who, after having duly communicated to each other their full powers, in good form, have agreed on the following preliminary articles:

Art. 1. As soon as the preliminaries shall be signed and ratified, sincere friendship shall be re-established between his Britannic majesty and the French republic, by sea and by land, in all parts of the world; and in order that all hostilities may cease immediately between the two powers, and between them and their allies respectively, the necessary instructions shall be sent, with the utmost dispatch, to the commanders of the sea and land forces of the respective states; and each of the contracting parties engages to grant passports, and every facility requisite to accelerate the arrival and ensure the execution of these orders. It is farther agreed, that all

conquests which may have been made by either of the contracting parties from the other, or from their respective allies, subsequently to the ratification of the present preliminaries, shall be considered as of no effect, and shall be faithfully comprehended in the restitutions to be made after the ratification of the definitive treaty.

Art. 2. His Britannic majesty shall restore to the French republic and her athes; namely, to his Catholic majesty, and to the Batavian republic, all the possessions and colonies occupied or conquered by the English forces in the course of the present war, with the exception of the island of Trinidad, and the Dutch possessions in the island of Ceylon; of which island and possessions his Britannic majesty reserves to himself the full and entire sovereignty.

Art. 3. The port of the Cape of Good Hope shall be open to the commerce and navigation of the two contracting parties, who shall enjoy therein the same advantages.

Art. 4. The island of Malta, with its dependencies, shall be evacuated by the troops of his Britannic majesty, and restored to the order of St. John of Jerusalem. For the purpose of rendering this island completely independent of either of the two contracting parties, it shall be placed under the guarantee and protection of a third power, to be agreed upon in the definitive treaty.

Art. 5. Egypt shall be restored to the Sublime Porte, whose territories and possessions shall be preserved entire, such as they existed previously to the present war.

Art. 6. The territories and possessions of her most faithful majesty shall likewise be preserved entire.

Art. 7. The French forces shall evacuate the kingdom of Naples and the Roman territory. The English forces shall in like manuer evacuate Porto Ferrajo; and, generally, all the ports and islands which they may occupy in the Mediterranean or in the Adriatic.

Art. 8. The republic of the Seven Islands shall be acknowledged by the French republic.

Art. 9. The evacuations, cessions, and restitutions, stipulated for by the present preliminary articles, shall take place in Europe within one month; in the continent and seas of America and of Africa, within three months; and in the continent and seas of Asia, within six months after the ratification of the definitive treaty.

Art. 10. The prisoners made respectively shall, immediately after the exchange of the ratifications of the definitive treaty, all be restored, and without ransom, on paying re ciprocally the debts which they may have individually contracted. Discussions having arisen respecting the payment for the maintenance of prisoners of war, the contracting powers reserve this question to be settled by the definitive treaty, according to the law of

nations, and in corformity to established usage.

Art. 11. In order to prevent all causes of complaint and dispute which may arise on account of prizes which may be made at sea after the signature of the preliminary articles, it is reciprocally agreed that the vessels and effects which may be taken in the British channel and in the North seas, after the space of twelve days, to be computed from the exchange of the ratifications of the present preliminary articles, shall be restored on each side; that the term shall be one month, from the British channel and the North seas, as far as the Canary islands inclusively, whether in the Ocean or in the Mediterranean; two months, from the said Canary islands as far as the equator; and lastly, five months in all other parts of the world, without any exception, or any more particular description of time or place.

Art. 12. All sequestrations imposed by either of the parties on the funded property, revenues, or debts, of any description, belonging to either of the contracting powers, or to their subjects, or citizens, shall be taken off immediately after the signature of the definitive treaty. The decision of all claims brought forward by individuals of the one country against individuals of the other, for private rights, debts, property, or effects whatsoever, which, according to received usages and the law of nations, ought to revive at the period of peace, shall be heard and decided before the competent tribunals; and in all cases, prompt and ample justice shall be administered in the countries where the claims are made. It is agreed, moreover, that this article, immediately after the ratification of the definitive treaty, shall apply to the allies of the contracting parties, and to the individuals of the respective nations, upon the condition of a just reciprocity.

Art. 13. With respect to the fisheries on the coasts of the island of Newfoundland, and of the islands adjacent, and in the gulph of Saint Lawrence, the two parties have agreed to restore them to the same footing on which they were before the present war; reserving to themselves the power of making in the definitive treaty, such arrangements as shall appear just and reciprocally useful, in order to place the fishing of the two nations on the most proper footing for the maintenance of peace.

Art. 14. In all the cases of restitution agreed upon by the present treaty, the fortifications shall be delivered up in the state in which they may be at the time of the signature of the present treaty; and all the works which shall have been constructed since the occupation shall remain untouched.

It is farther agreed, that in all the cases of cession stipulated in the present treaty, there shall be allowed to the inhabitants, of whatever condition or nation they may be, a term of three years, to be computed from the noti

fication of the definitive treaty of peace, for the purpose of disposing of their properties acquired and possessed either before or during the present war; in the which term of three years they may have the free exercise of their religion, and enjoyment of their property.

The same privilege shall be granted in the countries restored, to all those who shall have made therein any establishments whatsoever, during the time when those countries were in the possession of Great Britain.

With respect to the other inhabitants of the countries restored, or ceded, it is agreed, that none of them shall be prosecuted, disturbed, or molested, in their persons or properties, under any pretext, on account of their conduct or political opinions, or of their attachment to either of the two powers, nor on any other account except that of debts contracted to individuals, or on account of acts posterior to the definitive treaty.

Art. 15. The present preliminary articles shall be ratified, and the ratifications exchanged in London, in the space of fifteen days, for all delay; and immediately after their ratification, plenipotentiaries shall be named, on each side, who shall repair to Amiens for the purpose of concluding a definitive treaty of peace, in concert with the allies of the contracting parties.

In witness whereof, we, the undersigned plenipotentiaries of his Britannic majesty, and of the first consul of the French republic, by virtue of our respective full powers, have signed the present preliminary articles, and have caused our seals to be put thereto.Done at London the 1st day of October, 1801, the ninth Vendemiaire, year ten of the French republic.

(L. S.) HAWKESBURY. (L. S.) Orro.

Vote of Thanks to Sir James Saumarez, &c. &c.] Oct. 30. The following Resolu tions were moved, in the Lords, by earl St. Vincent, supported by lord Nelson, and agreed to nem. diss. 1. "That the Thanks of this House be given to rear admiral sir James Saumarez, baronet, knight of the most honourable order of the Bath, for his alacrity and zeal in pursuing, and his able and gallant conduct in the successful attack on the combined squadron of the enemy, in the Straits of Gibraltar, on the 12th and 13th days of July last, by the squadron under his orders. 2. That the thanks of this House be given to the captains and officers of the squadron under the orders of the said rear admiral, for their gallant conduct on that occasion; and that the rear admiral be desired to signify the same to them. 3. That this House doth highly approve of, and acknowledge, the services of the