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THE recent announcement by the University of Oxford, that the First Book of Milton's 'Paradise Lost will form a subject on which Junior Candidates for the Middle-Class Examinations of 1861 must be prepared, suggested the present attempt to provide a means of guidance and instruction for the special preparation of such candidates, and at the same time a school-book of general utility. No one can be said to have received a good English education, whose mind has not been familiarised with some considerable portion of Milton's immortal epic. Yet there are few young persons, we believe, who have such familiarity with it as implies any thing like due appreciation of its meaning, force, and beauty. It is a very profound work, abounding in unexplicit, idealising thought, copiously characterised by imitations of the transpositive, elliptical, and idiomatic structure of the ancient languages of Greece and Rome, and affluent in allusions to ancient history, fable, and romance. It is, therefore, a hard book for the general reader, and a study for the classical scholar. But we believe that the work, if read with such accompanying explanation and comment ARGUMENT. THE first book proposes, first in brief, the whole subject, Man's disobedience, and the loss thereupon of Paradise wherein he was placed: then touches the prime cause of his Fall, the Serpent, or rather Satan in the Serpent; who, revolting from God, and drawing to his side many legions of Angels, was, by the command of God, driven out of Heaven, with all his crew, into the great deep. Which action passed over, the Poem hastens into the midst of things, presenting Satan with his Angels now falling into Hell described here, not in the centre (for Heaven and Earth may be supposed as yet not made, certainly not yet accursed), but in a place of utter darkness, fitliest called Chaos: here Satan with his Angels lying on the burning lake, thunder-struck and astonished, after a certain space recovers, as from confusion; calls up him who next in order and dignity lay by him: they confer of their miserable fall; Satan awakens all his legions, who lay till then in the same manner confounded. They rise; their numbers; array of battle; their chief leaders named, according to the idols known afterwards in Canaan and the countries adjoining. To these Satan directs his speech, comforts them with hope yet of regaining Heaven, but tells them lastly of a new world and new kind of creature to be created, according to an ancient prophecy or report in Heaven; for, that Angels were long before this visible creation, was the opinion of many ancient Fathers. To find out the truth of this prophecy, and what to determine thereon, he refers to a full council. What his associates thence attempt. Pandemonium, the palace of Satan, rises, suddenly built out of the deep: the infernal peers there sit in council. PARADISE LOST. BOOK FIRST. Of Man's first disobedience, and the fruit Restore us, and regain the blissful seat,— PARAPHRASE. '5 Sing, heavenly Muse, of human nature's first act of disobedience; and of the fruit of that forbidden tree, the pernicious tasting of which brought death and all our misery into the world; and of the loss of Paradise; till one man greater than mere human nature be celebrated as having restored us to life and regained for us the blissful abode:-thou that on Horeb's or Sinai's lonely summit 1. Of man's first disobedience sing, heavenly Muse.] An invocation of the Muse of sacred history and song. So Homer's Iliad, in Pope's translation, begins with the words 'Achilles' wrath, to Greece the direful spring Of woes unnumbered, heavenly Goddess, sing.' Sing of] A preposition verb; governs disobedience. 2. Mortal.] Death-involving, deadly. 3. Brought death.] 'By one man sin entered,' &c. Rom. v. 12. 4. With loss.] Sing also of the loss of Eden: properly the Paradise, or garden, in Eden. 'The Lord God planted,' &c. Gen. ii. 8. With expresses grammatical relation between fruit and loss. Till one greater man.] 'The first man Adam,' &c. 1 Cor. xv. 45. 5. Restore.] For does restore. 7. Oreb or Sinai.] Two mountains near each other in the southern peninsula of Arabia Petræa, and at nearly equal distances from the two arms of the |