Mr. Anderson, with a decision and firmness which merit the support and the thanks of the South, has refused to compromise his right to employ that kind of labor which he deems most conducive to his interest; and as the whites refuse to divide, has resolved to patronize hereafter the black race exclusively, who have to be fed and clothed as well as the other portions of the human family. He is now rapidly filling up the vacant places at his furnaces and foundry with the sable sons of Africa, the color of whose skins will suffer no detriment by coming in contact with coal and iron, both of which they can prepare and manufacture profitably without leg-vertiser. islative protection. Mr. Anderson's experiment has been most successful, and he has been agreeably surprised at the skill and alacrity with which the negroes have taken hold of what has been considered hitherto the mystery of the trade, as if it was their peculiar province to deal with such dark articles.

A VOICE FROM OLD SPAIN.

THE New Orleans Delta gives the following as a translation from the Heraldo, of Madrid. As an expression of views concerning the war with Mexico, and its probable result, the article is infinitely superior in sagacity and just appreciation of events to anything on the same subject that we have ever found in any of the London or Paris journals, greatly as the conductors and readers of those journals plume themselves upon the ability with which they are conducted.-New York Commercial Ad"The latest news from Mexico announce a triumph of the arms of the republic, which would be gratifying to us as Spaniards, as united to the people of that country by so many ties and so many traditions in common, if we thought it could decide, in favor of Mexico, the present desperate struggle between the Spanish and Anglo-Saxon races. But We are highly gratified at the triumphant success unfortunately it is not so. We see that after proof Mr. Anderson, and consider it of the greatest longed disasters, after infinite defeats, operating in importance to the south, as demonstrating that there a country the thinness of whose population makes are other sources of revenue, and means of subsist-war most difficult, the Mexicans found it necessary ence for our blacks, besides cotton, rice, tobacco to unite the flower of their army, in numbers fourand sugar. Virginia, the "Old Dominion," awak- fold superior to that of the Anglo-Americans, to ing to her true interests, is destined to become a achieve a triumph exceedingly doubtful, attended great manufacturing state. Her mineral resources, with losses which rendered any new operations and her immense water power, are strong induce- impossible. ments to develop her capacities in that direction. As her agricultural productions become less remunerating, she is fortunate in having such profitable materials for the employment of her capital and labor. A mistaken idea has prevailed that our black population is not adapted to manufacturing purposes, and the south was thoughtlessly falling into a false policy. As we became manufacturing, white operatives were imported, superseding our negro workmen, composing a large portion of our population, all of which had to be provided for.

"This victory, it is true, has somewhat reänimated the spirit of the country, so far at least as a nation, whose people are not homogeneous, are susceptible of being reanimated; but in exchange for this advantage it has deeply wounded the pride of the Anglo-Americans, and if they determine to employ all their resources, the conquest of Mexico is inevitable.

"Let it be considered that the Mexican troops have been obliged to make a Herculean effort to gather a few trophies from one of the divisions of the enemy-that this effort is almost a defeat, as it has left them exhausted-and that there yet remain in the country three or four divisions of the enemy, against which nothing can be opposed-and it must be confessed that this victory of Santa Anna will only serve to precipitate the feeble nationality of Mexico down the declivity which leads to the precipice.

"For ourselves, we believe that Mexico is already virtually blotted out of the list of independent nations. What can be expected of a nation, distracted by revolutions and contests for ephemeral power, when the enemy is at its gates, and that no common enemy, but one which aims at nothing less than the destruction of its nationality? What can we expect of a nation, where the clergy-the richest Catholic clergy in the world-refuse the smallest sacrifice in favor of the country, and prefer the precarious possession of worldly goods to the salvation of the land?

The inevitable effect of this course was to expel the black race, and to force their masters to emigrate, or reluctantly to sell them. We rejoice, therefore, at the late strike in Richmond. It will awaken the south to the contemplation of a grave question, pregnant with the most momentous consequences, and on which the prosperity and welfare of our people may greatly depend. The blacks are a most important part of our population. They compose the entire laboring class. They are human beings, and with other members of the family, must be fed and clothed. They merit the guardian care of the southern community. They are capable of performing all the functions to which labor can be profitably directed; and as the sources of profit from labor change, it is the policy of the country where they reside not to expel them, but reserve the new vocations for them. The coal and iron business seems to be peculiarly adapted to them; and as Mr. Anderson's experiment, thus far, has resulted so encouragingly, we hope that the entire south "The army without resources, even without will unite in countenancing the policy in which he food; the ricketty politicians of the capital conspirhas taken the lead; and effectually dispel the mis- ing to overthrow the established order of things; taken notion that our blacks may not be as profitably the clergy occupied in secreting their valuables, and employed in all the channels of mining and manu- in exciting the fanatical opposition of the people facturing as in those of agriculture. We shall thus against the sale of their property, without consideropen new channels of profitable employment for our ing whether the Anglo-Americans will not appropeculiar, contented, and most efficient class of la-priate it with less ceremony; the only fortification borers.

INGRATITUDE is the abridgment of all baseness, a fault never found unattended with other viciousness. -Fuller.

of the coast threatened by a formidable squadron; a great part of the country occupied by an army highly disciplined, composed of men whose energy is proverbial, and abundantly supplied with every kind of munitions; what can result from all this?

We look upon the consequence as inevitable. En- | fessed one day, by all the world. The bank, like thusiasm will be reawakened in the United States. the hierarchy and the monarchy, has been lauded An irresistible torrent of volunteers will inundate from age to age; but there has been nothing more Mexico. And it will not be long before the eagle common in our world than for our poor race to shout of the union will light in triumph upon the ancient their plaudits to the causes of their misery. That capital of Montezuma. the British nation has always been dissatisfied with "We, as Spaniards, cannot but lament this result. the details of the bank's operations no one will deny The last remnants of the magnificent work of Her-The renewal of its charter has always produced nando Cortes are about to disappear, and one of the much agitation and discussion, and at every renewal most brilliant pages in our history will be bound, some new principle has been introduced, which it so to speak, in the volume of the stranger. Sor- was hoped would remedy the evils of its past operarowful effects of revolutions! of demagoguical ten- tion. But the more new principles have been introdencies prematurely engrafted on a nation without duced, the worse has been the operation of the mastamina to support the effects of unholy ambition! chine. At the last renewal the wisdom of all the Thirty years of independence have not sufficed to regulators of currency was taxed for a system, and make the Mexicans a nation, notwithstanding they one was devised which was thought to be perfect. have held in their hands the richest elements that It was the great idea of compensation. The bank Providence ever placed within reach of the human was divided into two departments, independent of family. And why? Because they have strayed and regulating each other, and the irregularities of from the proper path; because they desired to form the currency were to be at once and forever cured a republic with the materials fit only for a monar- by so arranging the machinery that exactly the same chy; because they converted, by a simple decree, quantity of currency should always be issued by the the ignorant and oppressed Indians, the dregs of bank. If bank notes went out, it was to be only in the population, ignorant until then even of the lan-exchange for coin paid in; and if the notes came guage of their lords, into free citizens, possessing in, the gold was again to go out. That was exactly all the rights which a free nation could give. We right, and figures proved it. After all, the convicnow behold, though too late, the unavoidable evils tion of perfection is wearing away from the English which this error drew after it. mind, and the people are getting to think that the bank management is little better than formerly. The Economist, an ably conducted weekly paper, advocates the issuing of one pound notes; though with a cautiousness and upon arguments not all of them very important to a free-trade system. But it is very doubtful whether the stubbornness of theories will yield to such advice as this. The astringent agony is supposed necessary to save the life of the currency. We have no hope that the English nation will ever be satisfied with the working of the bank. The truth is, the existence of such an institution is a grand error, and no regulation of it can ever make it anything else than an error. It has no power of usefulness. Of necessity its whole operation is mischievous; or rather, its operation as a whole is so. The fundamental truth at the bottom of the whole matter, is, that the Creator, when he made all things, made laws for their regulation, and these laws are perfect in their operation. There can be no interference with them which is not injurious. No law of God, either in mental, moral, or physical affairs, can be disobeyed without damage. For trade a system was provided when the world was made, and it is in full life and vigor still. This system every man knows to exist, for he feels its workings in his own affairs every day, and so all men have come to speak of "the laws of trade" as a real existing code, as truly as the laws of matter or the laws of mind. By the operation of these laws, when people make haste to be rich, engage in speculation, and plunge deeply in debt, money will become scarce and dear, and the prices of other property will fall, and what is called a revulsion will take place. Yet laws of trade, alias the laws of God, while they insist on correcting the wrong state of things into which men have been plunged, will do it in the mildest and best way possible. The establishment of a bank to regulate currency, a tariff to regulate importations, or a trades union to fix the price of labor, are efforts to overthrow or amend the laws of God, and always of course aggravate evils, and cure them roughly. It is by reasoning like this that we know that the bank of England, a great machine to regulate the currency and supersede God's perfect laws in that case made, is of necessity a curse to the people.

"And now, is it not permitted to ask what the nations of Europe think of the indefinite extension which the American union is acquiring, and which it carries forward with as much safety as rapidity, sometimes by arms, sometimes by money, sometimes by emigration, without ever appearing to consider the morality of the means which it employs Will they permit it to absorb, successively, the whole continent of America, and so form a nation by the side of which the most powerful states of Europe would appear as ridiculous pigmies? Will they consent that it shall consolidate its rich conquests and make them the base of operations from which to invade in succession the states of Central America, where are to be found some of the most magnificent harbors in the world? Will they permit it, without obstruction, to reach the Isthmus of Panama-its golden dream-and thus yield to it one of the principal keys to the commerce of the globe?

"Time alone can answer these questions; but the history of the past affords us but little comfort for the future. Within this century the union has acquired, successfully, the Floridas, Louisiana, and Texas, and it is now about to acquire the Californias and some of the richest provinces in Mexico. Who shall fix limits to the power of the active race which peoples it? Let it once extend to Panama, and its might will be irresistible. It will hold the dominion of the seas; it will monopolize the commerce of the whole earth. And when the English language is spoken on all the shores of the Mexican Gulf, what human power will be sufficient to prevent the island of Cuba and the English Antilles from falling by their own movement, and the impulse of irresistible attraction, into the arms open to receive them?"

From the N. Y. Journal of Commerce.

THE BANK OF ENGLAND

NATION.

A CURSE TO THE

THIS declaration will be denounced by many persons, as an abominable heresy. Yet, like many other declarations which have been so denounced, | it is thoroughly true, and will probably be so con

But we can see in detail how it is a curse. It is glorying that the bank had a good stock on hand. Ours is a rebellious race, which will not consent to be governed by laws that are perfect, and so we bring upon ourselves a thousand unnecessary ca lamities.

a great central regulator, controlled by men who are liable to err, and do err, more or less, in the inanagement of the machine; and as it is a great machine, the mistakes which the managers make produce great disorder and mischief. The people of England now say that the directors of the bank ought to have foreseen the terrific storm which was gathering over money affairs, and, by restraining their issues, to have modified it or warded it off; whereas, by discounting in a very liberal way up to the very bursting of the tempest, they greatly aggravated the calamity. Now that the pressure is on, and the agony almost insupportable, deputations from all quarters go up to London, praying the bank to loan more freely. Such an institution is injurious, because it turns away the attention of the people from the true causes of the pressure which they feel, to the bank, and causes them to look to the wrong source for relief.

From Sharpe's Magazine.

STOCKTON ST. ANNE'S.

ADAM STOCK was a native of Aberdeen, but had been sent to England at an early age, in order to relieve his parents in some degree from the pressure of a very numerous family. However, though bringing with him nothing of this world's goods, he inherited-what will generally be found to be the pledge of success in this world-a strong bodily constitution, a sound heart, good common sense, and habits of indefatigable industry. The place of his destination was one of our northern manufacturing towns, where his maternal uncle filled the office of superintendent of a cloth mill. Here Adam arrived at the age of fourteen, and, having received a good grammatical education, soon found means of establishing himself in the service, as he had before in the good opinion, of his uncle's employers. Through various subordinate occupations he rose to be a clerk in the warehouse, and afterwards succeeded his uncle in the responsible post of superintendent of the factory. This situation he held for sixteen years; he was then permitted to share in the profits of the business; and a dissolution of partnership subsequently taking place, he found himself in a position to undertake the erection of a new factory, in conjunction with one of the partners, upon a small estate which he had purchased, about a mile and a half from the town. But before entering upon this portion of Mr. Stock's history, it should

six years in his clerkship, he contracted a prudent and happy marriage, the issue of which was two sons, James and Robert. These sons he had caused to be apprenticed according to his then means, the one to a tailor, the other to a shoemaker. At the time of the removal of the factory, they were both carrying on extensive and profitable businesses.

The establishment of this factory is the main subject of our narrative. From his first settlement at

Another very great oppression of the bank is, that it effectually annihilates fifty millions of dollars of the national property, by locking it up in perpetual uselessness. About this quantity of coin is thought necessary to sustain the dignity of the bank, and the public confidence in its ability. From age to age this money must lie untouched, and yet utterly useless in fact, for everybody knows that the money might all be stolen, and not the slightest loss be sustained. The empty boxes would support the dignity of the bank and the credit of its hundred millions of dollars currency, just as well as full boxes, if only people supposed the money to be there. If this great responsibility of sustaining the currency were left to its own course, it would divide itself among ten thousand persons or companies, and the fifty millions locked up, as people suppose, in the bank, might be exchanged for food. Then be mentioned, that, after he had been settled about the prohibition of paper money of lower denominations than five pounds, is an appendage of the bank plan; and this annihilates or fixes in a latent state, which is the same thing, a vast sum more, which might also be exchanged for food. The loss of so great a sum, practically annihilated, is no small matter. What would be thought in these days, of establishing a great depot of provisions, where a million barrels of flour should be perpetually locked up to guard against famine; never, however, to be Mr. Stock had been an attentive observer used, any portion of it, though the whole nation of the moral and religious condition of the people should perish, but kept to sustain the national con- among whom his lot was cast. He had himself fidence in abundance? The laws of trade lay in been trained in strict habits of religion. His family, abundant stocks when there is an abundant supply, though it had never risen beyond the middle class, but dispose of and use up the last pittance when could trace a descent of two hundred years, during there is a scarcity. There is good sense in that, which it had continued in dutiful allegiance to the but none in the bank plan, which neither accumu-church. This was the pride of the Stocks; but it lates (to any sufficient extent) in the time of abun- was checked by that which is the best security of dance, nor dispenses in time of scarcity. Some- uncompromising principle-strict self-denying habits times we have in New York five hundred thousand of practical religion. Adam was a worthy scion barrels of flour. The scarcity of the last winter of an honorable house. The evils of the "factory drew off every barrel, and left the stores of the fac- system," as it is now technically termed, had not tors as empty as the stomach of any famished Irish- yet developed themselves; but he was not slow to This is God's plan of wisdom and benevo- perceive that demoralization very generally prevailed lence. If, dissatisfied with that, we had adopted among those who worked in the mills, and that no the bank plan of supply, half a million of our fellow- one tie existed by which workmen and master were men would have starved to death in consequence. bound together. Gratitude and attachment, on the Yet there is no famine here. There has been no part of the former, there was none; and how should overselling. The supply has been made to hold there be, when no kindliness or consideration was out to the last, and the whole matter has been man- ever shown to elicit it? Something he had himself aged as with a prophet's foresight. If we had but attempted when his position seemed to allow of his established a bank of flour, with the notion that it doing so; but the other partners were averse to must always keep a million of barrels on hand, we seconding his endeavors, and the habits of the peoshould probably have been shouting to it as the ple did not invite him to meddle with their domestic Hindoos do to Juggernaut, and starved to death, affairs. Over this inability to fulfil what he felt to

man.

Reader, if you desire a treat, we advise you to visit Stockton, either on the festival of St. Anne, the patron saint of the church, or on that of St. Barnabas, the patron of the guild-the two great general holidays of our new township-and you will witness a specimen of cheerful hilarity, and well-regulated mirth, that will remind you of olden and better times.

be, in the strictest sense, his most necessary obliga- | and to witness the influence of his good example tions as an employer, he had long mourned; and upon others, to whom is committed the like retherefore he resolved to seize the opportunity offered sponsibility of employing the labor of their fellowby the dissolution, in conjunction with the son of men for their own aggrandizement. the original founder of the firm, who was likeminded with himself, for constructing and organizing an establishment upon better principles. With this view, a mill, of moderate dimensions, was commenced on the property aforementioned, situate in a little agricultural hamlet belonging to the town, and cottages for about fifty families of workpeople. His two sons, who were both single, had already built themselves a house, and were living together on the spot, and there was a population of about two hundred poor, who had been settled there for many generations. Simultaneously with these buildings were seen also to arise a church parsonage, and schools, which, however, Messrs. Stock and Newsome were not allowed to erect at their own cost alone. A retired physician begged to be allowed to take a part in the foundation of this interesting colony; and though Mr. Stock refused to derive any profit from the land given for this purpose, he permitted Dr. Worth, in lieu of purchasing ground sufficient for the erection of a house for himself, to undertake the building of the schools and parsonage.

To this new township of Stockton St. Anne's, as it was called, in honor at once of the proprietor and of the saint who had given a name to a famous spring which was situated on the estate, the factory was now removed, and a new order of proceedings at once commenced. The desire of the proprietor was, that all engaged in the mill should regard themselves as members of his family: to none, therefore, was the invitation made without explaining the nature of the relationship which would henceforth be presumed and acted upon. Order and morality would be expected in the first instance, and, what alone can be the source of abiding peace, the bond

of a common faith.

BRITISH TRADE WITH MEXICO.

STRONG hopes were entertained that this packet would bring tidings of an accommodation between Mexico and the United States. Santa Anna was known to have gone to the capital with these intentions. Whether he would be able to accomplish them was indeed doubted. Twenty-seven days' civil war and fusillade in the streets of Mexico ought certainly to have disposed every pacific and influential person to put an end, on any condition, to the imbecile misrule of native parties. Santa Anna would grant anything to the Americans in should the latter insist on moneyed indemnity to be the shape of territory. The only difficulty will be, paid immediately, or in a short interval. That, indeed, would be out of any Mexican power to promise, or at least to execute, for everything like revenue has ceased. And should the Americans become the gatherers themselves, they could not hope to raise it. They may, however, stipulate for the retention of the seaports until they can pay themselves with the proceeds of the customs. This, however galling to us in appearance, is not so in reality, at least as yet. The tariff fixed by the Americans is such as to entice imports, and much of the British goods in dépôt at the West India Islands have been forced into Mexico through the medium of the new American custom-house at Tampico. The capture of Vera Cruz will facilitate this. And thus, instead of quarrelling with the Americans in behalf of the Mexicans, we, or at least our traders, are quietly sharing with the Americans the profits of Mexican subjugation. The Mexican bondholders, however, will not be in so good a condition with the American as possessor of the sole Mexican revenue, and with mining operations paralyzed by the risks of war.

Before finally closing with his men, Mr. Stock assembled them, with their wives and families, and propounded the principles on which he proposed to conduct their little society. The wages to be paid were rather below the ordinary average; but the difference would be more than compensated by the luxury of well-contrived, airy houses, with sufficient gardens. Temperance and chastity, and regular attendance at the public services of the church, were to be indispensable conditions of a residence at St. Anne's; besides which, they were required to proWhatever may be Santa Anna's purpose and revide against sickness and old age, by paying to the solve, it is at least certain that he has arrived from guild of St. Barnabas-a well-regulated provident Mexico, and with 15,000 men occupies a strong society, which the proprietors themselves estab-position at Cerro Gerdo. He makes all show of an

lished.

The good effects of the system began speedily to appear, in the increased happiness and self-respect of the little colony. Daily does the church bell call to morning prayer, and is responded to by at least three fourths of the whole adult population. Contentment is visibly written on every countenance; and a better conducted community it would be impossible to find. Two accessions have lately been made to the society of Stockton St. Anne's; the first a colony of tailors and shoemakers, who have been located there by Mr. Stock's two sons; and, secondly, a highly-respectable firm have requested to transfer their flax mill from the town to this favored site.

Mr. Stock is now in the vigor of a green old age; and long may he live to enjoy the fruits of his religious care for the well-being of his dependents,

vain hope of either beating the Americans, or get-
intention to fight. And he may try it again, in the
ting his own troops and party beaten with more
resignation. The great hope of the Americans is
in Santa Anna.
despite, but to govern or pacify it without some such
They may conquer Mexico in her
instrument is almost impracticable.-Examiner, 15
May.

THOSE who quit their proper character to assume what does not belong to them, are for the greater part ignorant of the character they leave and of the character they assume.-Burke.

To be happy at home is the ultimate result of all ambition, the end to which every enterprise and labor tends and of which every desire prompts the prosecution.-Johnson.