The Earl of Manchester resided at Chelsea in 1647, as appears from a newspaper of that time: "August 19, 1647. This day the lords sat not, some of them purposing to dine at the Earl of Manchester's house at Chelsey."

Edward, Earl of Manchester, a nobleman of many great and amiable qualities, was a zealous, and no less able patron of liberty, but without enmity to monarchy, or the person of the King. He was one of the avowed patriots in the House of Peers, and the only member of that House who was accused by Charles of High Treason, together with the five members of the House of Commons. In the civil war he engaged in the service of the Parliament, and in 1643, was one of the lords who had the custody of the Great Seal. He had the charge of seven of the associated counties; and, with his usual activity and address, raised an army of horse, which he commanded in person.' In 1644, he had a principal share in the victory at Marston Moor. After the Battle of Newbury he was suspected of favouring the King's interest, and was even accused by Cromwell of neglect of duty; and by the self-denying ordinance. deprived of his commission. His great popularity made Cromwell wish to gain his interest, which he hoped to do by naming him one of his House of Lords; but it did not succeed, as he was one of the few who sincerely lamented his conduct to Charles I.; and he

strove, as far as was consistent with his own safety, to restore the exiled son of that monarch. When the Parliament met, he was called to the Chair of the House of Peers, an office he had held during the Interregnum; and on the return of Charles II. was appointed by the lords to congratulate him on that event. The King soon after appointed him Lord Chamberlain of the Household, which office he held till his death, which happened May 5, 1671, in the sixty-ninth year of his age. Lord Clarendon says, "he was of a gentle and a generous nature, civilly bred, had reverence and affection for the person of the King, upon whom he had attended in Spain; loved his country with too unskilful a tenderness, and was of so excellent a temper and disposition, that the barbarous times, and rough parts he was forced to act in them, did not wipe out, or much deface those marks; insomuch as he was never guilty of any rudeness towards those he was obliged to oppress, but performed always as good offices towards his old friends, and all other persons, as the iniquity of the time, and the nature of the employment he was in, would permit him to do; which kind of humanity could be imputed to very few."

CHAPTER IX.

Ancient Houses and Inhabitants from 1660 to the Reign of Queen Anne.-Hamilton's Survey.-Winchester House.— Earl of Radnor.-Duchess of Mazarine,—Chamberlayne Family.

manor.

HAMILTON'S SURVEY.

JAMES HAMILTON, in the year 1664, made a survey of this parish, probably by order of the lord of the A copy of this authentic document is placed in the first chapter of this work. This map is drawn on a scale of twenty poles to an inch, and exhibits a very correct view of the property of this parish at the period when it was taken.

We shall next proceed to give an account of ancient houses, and eminent persons resident in Chelsea from the Restoration to the reign of Queen Anne.

Innovation and fanaticism were the Hydras from which the Restoration delivered England. During that calamitous period, our cathedrals and churches were pillaged, and our pulpits were filled with ignorant mountebanks, the willing instruments of a crafty usurper, to whose example may be ascribed many of the calamities of modern times, and many of those scenes of cruelty and tyranny under which the greatest part of Europe now suffers, and to the termination of which we look forward with an equal share of hope and fear. Among many other acts of cruelty, tyranny, and oppression, devised by the Parliamentarians, was the total destruction of the hierarchy, and selling or plundering of the manors, houses and lands, or whatever property belonged to the bishoprics.

The accounts of these transactions are minutely described in the periodical publications of those times."

The ancient palace of the Bishops of Winchester in Southwark, having been greatly dilapidated and destroyed during these troublesome times, an Act of Parliament was passed in the year 1663, to empower George Morley, Bishop of Winchester, to lease out the houses in Southwark, and for other purposes, as is expressed at large in the Act, of which the following is the title:

"Anno 15. Car. 2 di 5 to July 1663.

"An Act to enable the Bp. of Winchester to lease out the Tenements now built upon the Scite of his Mansion House, in the Parish of St. Saviour's in Southwark, in the County of Surry, and the two Parks and other Demesnes at Bishop's Waltham, and other Lands in the County of Southampton."

In the ensuing year, the Bishop, in pursuance of this Act of Parliament, purchased a new brick house at Chelsea, then lately built by James, Duke of Hamilton, and adjoining to the manor house, for 4,250l. to be the future residence of the Bishops of this See, and to be called Winchester House. By the Act it is held to be within the diocese of Winchester.

The Bishopric of Winchester is of good antiquity,* and never changed the See since the first foundation.

'See Moderate Intelligencer, proceedings in Parliament, Oct. Jan. 19, March 19, 24. Octo- 16, 1650.. ber 8, 28; 1647. And several

2 Heylin, p. 111.