Pope Gregory VII, 1073-1085The reign of Pope Gregory VII (1073-85), who gave his name to an era of Church reform, is critically important in the history of the medieval church and papacy. Thus it is surprising that this is the first comprehensive biography to appear in any language for over fifty years. H. E. J. Cowdrey presents Gregory's life and work in their entirety, tracing his career from early days as a clerk of the Roman Church, through his political negotiations, ecclesiastical governance, and final exile at Salerno. Full account is taken of his turbulent relations with King Henry IV of Germany, from his first deposition and excommunication in 1076, to the absolution at Canossa and the imposition of a second sentence in 1080. Pope Gregory was also a contemporary of William the Conqueror, and, as the author shows, fully supported his conquest of England. Gregory VII is presented as an individual whose deep inner belief in iustitia (righteousness) did not waver in the face of new circumstances, although his broad outlook underwent changes. Deeply committed to the traditions of the past and especially to those of Pope Gregory the Great, his reign prepared the way for an age of strong papal monarchy in the western Church. |
Contents
3 | 439 |
5 | 448 |
8 | 454 |
10 | 467 |
GREGORY VII AND THE WORLD BEYOND LATIN CHRISTENDOM | 481 |
2 | 487 |
GREGORIAN IDEAS | 495 |
The Dictatus Papae | 502 |
The Erosion of Henry IVs Position | 142 |
TriburOppenheim | 150 |
The Significance of Canossa | 158 |
4 | 167 |
Battle of Mellrichstadt 182 8888 | 182 |
of Henry IV | 194 |
AntiPope Clement III | 227 |
GREGORY VII AND THE Kingdom of ITALY | 272 |
GREGORY VII AND FRANCE | 331 |
Gregory VIIs Use of Legates | 355 |
4 | 398 |
5 | 419 |
2 | 425 |
2 | 514 |
3 | 520 |
4 | 527 |
The Liberty of the Church | 536 |
7 | 543 |
9 | 550 |
THE ORDERING OF THE CHURCH | 584 |
SACERDOTIUM AND REGNUM | 608 |
GREGORY VII AND THE MONASTIC ORDER | 659 |
DEATH IN EXILE | 677 |
CONCLUSION | 683 |
699 | |
Common terms and phrases
Abbot Desiderius Abbot Hugh Alexander Altmann Altmann of Passau Amatus amic Anselm apostolic Aquileia Archbishop Siegfried archdeacon Arnulf Arnulf of Milan authority Bamberg Benzo of Alba Bernold Berthold bishops Bonizo of Sutri Bruno Burchard canonical Canossa cardinal-bishops cardinals Cencius Christian Chron clergy clerical concerned council Count Countesses Beatrice decree Duke Godfrey ecclesiastical election episcopal Erlembald excommunicated favour France Gebhard of Salzburg German bishops Gregorian Gregory VII Gregory's letters Guibert Henry IV Henry IV's Henry's Hildebrand Hirsau Hugh of Cluny Italy king king's kingdom kingship laity Lampert of Hersfeld Lateran Lent synod Liemar Lombard Lucca MGH DDHIV Milan monastery monastic monks Montecassino Normans obedience papacy papal Patarenes peace Peter Damiani pontificate pope princes Ravenna referred reform Rheims Robert Guiscard Roman church Rome royal Rudolf of Swabia Saxon sentence Siegfried of Mainz simoniacal simony sought St Peter suffragans Sutri Tedald Tuscany Vita
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