[CASSIOPEA]

[Nearer 6 is a curious and pretty little 8 m. triangle, suggesting actual, not optical, vicinity.]

K. oh 26m, N 62° 13′: 4: bright yellow, 1837 [white, 1850; a little yellowish, 1855], is a guide to a grand vicinity [one group resembles the letter Y].

p. 1h 12m, N 57° 33′ : 5 m. is attended by a beautiful 256 (H VII 42).

group,

55. 11h 4m, N 65° 55′ : 6 m. is s of the spot where the Great New Star flamed out, Nov. 1572, speedily rivalling Venus, so as to be seen at noon-day, then fading during 16 months to utter extinction: there is some idea that similar appearances took place here in 945 and 1264; if so, we may possibly soon witness a repetition of this incomprehensible phænomenon. D'Arrest finds a star, 10-11 m. near its place, 1865, where A could formerly see none. This should be watched. The colour of the great star changed from white through yellow and red to blue. Hind thinks several variable stars increase blue, are yellow after maximum, and flash red in decreasing.

(R. Var. xxIII 52m, 50° 40′: 6 m. to below 14 m. in 43481 d. Vivid red.)

(Red star. oh 3m, N 63° 11' : 8.5 m. H.)

Clusters.

392 (H VI 31). 1h 37m, N 60° 35'.

Visible in finder;

field very good, 64; 80 shewed Sm's little pair, 9, 10'5: 70°:

8"; but not his ruby 8 m, 1833. 341 (M 103). 1h 25m, N 60° 1'.

little n of d.

2° from d, on line from a.

Beautiful field. 1°ƒ a

*A, however, places this in ob 18m, N 63° 26'.

Q

[CASSIOPEA]

120 (H VIII 78). oh 36m, N 61° 5'. Fine cl.: somewhat like the letter W; half way from γ to K.

5031 (H VI 30). XXIIIh 51m, N 56° o'. Beautiful large faint cloud of minute stars: HII-18 m. : 'a most.superb cluster;'

a mere condensed patch,' as Sm remarks, 'in a vast region of inexpressible splendour, spreading over many fields;' including the whole Galaxy through this and the adjacent constellations. [A beautiful group in a rich field lies about 2°ƒd.]

CEPHEUS.

Much more barren to the naked eye than to the telescope. Glorious sweeps and curious groups between a and Galaxy.

Double Stars.

6 (2806). xx1h 27m, N 70° 0': 3, 8: 251°: 14": white, blue, 1833, 1843; yellowish, flushed blue, 1851. De yellow, violet, 1852, 1854; [white, blue, 1850.]

d. (2 58 App. I). XX11h 24m, N 57° 45' 4'5, 7: 192°2: 41" deep yellow, cerulean blue. An especially fine pair, somewhat like ẞ Cyg. C. p. m. and revolution suspected. 45 is very regularly var. up to 35: period 5d 8h 30m: A adds 18m. Schmidt suspects variation in many stars of Cepheus.

(2675). xxh 13m, N 77° 19' 4'5, 85: 123°8: 7" 5: pale yellow, blue. Se suspects motion.*

E ( 2863). XXIIh om, N 64° o': 5,7: 288° 8: 5"-8, 1839; De 286° 63, 1864: bluish, 1839; flushed, pale lilac, 1851;

* A peculiarly strange coincidence is too remarkable to be omitted, attested by an unimpeachable witness, the late Mr. Baily. The RA of this star was erroneously calculated by the two separate and independent computers, who agreed precisely in every figure: and the error was even unobserved by the vigilant eye of Mr. Stratford. On recomputing the place of this star, with a view to discover the cause of its discordancy,

[CEPHEUS]

Σ pale yellow, blue, 1831; De white, violet, 1854; [white, tawny or ruddy, 1850]. About 1° n, and as much p, is 2843. 72, 75: 133°5: 24: white [not examined].

π. XXIII 4m, N 74° 41′: 5, 10: 330°: 1"-8, 1843; Kn 6°: 1"-2, 1865: deep yellow, purple [not seen].

P XXII 11, 12. XXIIh 4m, N 58° 39': 6, 6.5, 1839 [very nearly equal, 1850:] 316°8: 21": white. Σ doubles 6.5 (2872). Just pλ: a little n of 4.

P XXI 248 ( 2816). Triple. xx1h 35m, N 56° 54′: 6, 8°5, 8.5: 120°3, 339°5: 11′′7, 19′′7: pale yellow, two grey. PII 191 (320). 11h 49m, N 78° 59′: 6, 10'5: 225°8: 5" 2 orange, smalt blue. Test for moderate instruments. o (2 3001). XXII1h 13m, N 67° 24': 7, 9: 173°-8: 2" 5: orange yellow, deep blue.

:

[P XXI 51 ( 2780). xx1h 8m, N 59° 29′: 6′2, 7°2: 226°4: "08: white. [A pale ruby star 7.5 m. n f.]

[ 2790. xxih 16m, N 58° 4' 56, 9'9: 46°6: 4" 5: very red [orange, 9 in. spec. 1871], blue.]

(2950. xx11h 46m, N 61° o': 5'7, 7: 319°1 : 2": yellow, ashy.)

(2 2751. xxh 59m, N 56° 9′: 6, 7: 344°: 1"'9: very white.)

[ 2840. xxih 48m, N 55° 11': 6, 7: 194°1: 20": greenish, bluish. [A splendid pair.]

( 2873. XXII 3m, N 82° 15': 6-2, 7: 77°3: 13"8: white.)

I myself fell into exactly the same error, and obtained precisely the same figures; and it was only on going over the operation a second time that I accidentally discovered that we had all inadvertently committed the same mistake!'--Memoirs of R. Astron. Soc. IV. 290.

[CEPHEUS]

(2 2883. XXII 8m, N 69° 29': 6'2, 82: 254°7: 14"*9: bluish, blue.)

μ. 40m, N 58° 11'. The celebrated' Garnet sidus' of H, visible to naked eye, but var. 4 m. to 6 m. in 5 or 6 y., and hence probably omitted by Fl. H says 'it is of a very fine deep garnet colour,' especially after viewing a white star, such as a. 21s of v. [Deep orange, not crimson; 51⁄2 in. 1864; so Slack, 1865; and 9 in. spec. 1867.]

Cluster.

4957 (M 52). XXIIIh 18m, N 60° 53'. Irregular, with orange star.

CETUS.

The largest, but far from the most interesting constellation. Its alphabetical leader a is now inferior to ß: one or both may have changed. Huggins finds spectrum nearly as a Orion. a is worth looking at, as a fine combination of a beautiful 2.5 m. orange star with a 5.5 m., fine blue. Between them f is a pair 11 m.

0. 11h 13m, S 3° 34′: yellow (H very full ruby): Mira, the celebrated variable, from 2 m. to invisibility, in 331d 8h 4m 16s according to A. Its maximum brightness and period are not always the same: A has shewn the probability of regular alternations in the latter to the extent of 25d. One of the most interesting problems of modern astronomy is the question whether the irregularities of variable stars may not be, like the maxima and minima of sun-spots, phases of some general law.

Double Stars.

Y (299). 11h 37m, N 2° 41': 3, 7: 285°7: 2"-6: pale

[CETUS]

yellow, lucid blue, 1831-1843: De 7 olive-green, 1854 [tawny, 1850]. D angles very discordant. c. p. m. Σ

ν (281). 11h 29m, N 5° 4' 4'5, 15: 85°: 6": pale yellow, blue. Sm 15 a glimpse-star; [easy, 5 in., 1861.]

37 (≥ 3 App. I). 1h 8m, S 8° 37': 6,7′5: 332°3: 51′′: creamy white, dusky. 2 c. p. m. np lies another pair, 8, 10: 20" yellow, violet. 2° p 0.

42 (113). 1h 13m, S 1° 11': 6, 8: 332°8, 1834; De 343°, 1863 12: bright white, white. [Moving. D questions this. I have not seen it.]

PO 146. oh 34m, S 5° 4′: 6·5, 9: 289°9: 58": yellow, flushed blue.

66 ( 231). 11h 6m, S 3° 0': 7, 85: 229°6: 15"-4: pale yellow, sapphire blue. C. p. m.? angular movement. 1° p Mira, a little n.

PO 113 (239). oh 28m, S 5° 16′: 7, 9: 44°6: 19′′6: yellowish, fine blue. [9 over-rated? 1850.]

61. 1h 57m, So° 58': 7, 11: 188°.8: 39": pearly white, 1834 [pale orange, 1850], greenish. I found attendant very obvious with averted eye. Birmingham another comes, est. 13: 330: 55". Followed a little s by 218. 7, 85: 249°8: 46: white, blue. [A little p this is a pale ruby, with distant comes 11 m. and sp a star 7 m. with 2 small attendants.] 61 is 3° 8 a little fa Piscium.

(58. 1h 51m, S 2° 42': 6'5, 14: est. 15°: 3"-5; test for 6 in. Burnham. About 2° 8 p 61. P could not find 58.)

( 150. 1h 37m, S 7° 46': 72, 78: 195°5: 36′′: very white.)

[x. 1h 44m, S 11° 17' forms a fine pair with P I 182. 5; 75 pale yellow, bluish. Closely 8 p .]