and General Purposes Committee of the Board of Control of Regimental Institutes; of Sir E. Ward's Committee on Voluntary Organisation; and of the Home Office Shop Committee. He was chairman of the committee on the Royal Aircraft Factory; a trustee of the Crystal Palace; a member of the Training Sailors Executive Com. mittee; and of the committees of Queen Alexandra's Field Force Fund, and the Anglo-Russian Hospital. He was chairman of the Invalid Kitchens Executive Committee; and trustee of the Early Closing Association and Provident Society. In addition to being Managing Director of Harrods he was chairman of the Hudson Bay Company, of which his second son is general manager. He was connected with the organisation of the forthcoming Food Economy Exhibition." He was a very generous giver, and in 1913 when The Times opened a fund to acquire the Crystal Palace, he was the anonymous "Private Citizen " who offered to give 10/- for every £1 subscribed by others. He thus gave £30,000, and was mainly responsible for the rapid success of the fund. In addition he gave £2,500 under his own name "in remembrance of the happy and instructive day he spent at the Crystal Palace as an Oxford Street apprentice of 14 on Good Friday, 1862- his first holiday in London—and as a mark of gratitude for a successful business career."

Obit. notices, Times, June 2nd; Wiltshire Gazette, June 7th, 1917. Thomas Barker Fox, died Dec. 20th, 1916, aged 82. Buried at Gloucester. S. of John James Fox. B. at Devizes, he took a prom-. inent part in the affairs of the town as a Liberal, a nonconformist, and strong temperance advocate, as a Town Councillor in 1870, and in other public matters. J.P. for the Borough, 1872. He founded in 1860 the Wiltshire Sack Hiring Company and was its first Managing Director, as he was also of the Severn Ports Warehousing Company. In 1877 he left Devizes for Bristol, and of late years had lived at Gloucester.

Buried at

Obit. notice, Wiltshire Advertiser, Dec. 28th, 1916. Thomas Lavington, died July 12th, 1917, aged 69. Mildenhall B. 1848, S. of Thomas Lavington, of Poulshot Lodge. He farmed at Poulshot; Whistley House, Potterne; and Fyfield Farm, near Marlborough. In 1881 he took to the business of an auctioneer, which he worked up into "probably the largest single-handed business of the kind in the West of England." For many years he farmed not only Fyfield, but also Poulton, and Court Farm, Collingbourne, each of some 2000 acres, and this combination of practical farming on the largest scale, with auctioneering and land agency, made lim a very prominent figure in all agricultural matters in Wiltshire. He had lived recently at Sigglesthorne, Marlborough. He married a daughter of Mr. Rossell, of Sheffield, and left one son, Thomas, and four daughters. Long obit. notice, Wiltshire Gazette, July 19th, 1917.

The Rev. Walter William Arthur Butt, died July 14th, 1917. Magd. Coll., Oxon., B.A., 1873; M.A., 1875; Deacon, 1873 VOL. XL.NO. CXXVII.

G

(Winchester); Priest, 1875 (Sarum); Curate of Ch. Ch., Northam (Hants), 1873; Ordsall, 1873-75; Chilmark, 1875-77; Donhead St. Andrew, 1877-80; Westbury, 1880-81; Vicar of Westbury, 1881– 86; Vicar of Minety, 1886-1901; Licensed Preacher in Diocese of Gloucester, 1901-4; Vicar of Kempsford-with-Whelford, 1904–09 ; when he retired to live at Cheltenham, moving afterwards to Chepstow, where he died. He was a J.P. for Wilts, and a considerable botanist.

Obit. notice, N. Wilts Herald, July 20th, 1917.

William Rose, died May 5th, 1917, aged 59. Born Dec. 1st, 1857. S. of John Rose, of Devizes. Educated at the old Blue Coat School in Devizes. He joined his father in business as a butcher, continuing therein until his death. He was one of the oldest members of the Town Council, was Mayor 1902-3, and was in his earlier days known for his athletic powers, and also as a famous breeder and judge of Clumber Spaniels. Much respected in Devizes.

Long obit. notices, Wiltshire Gazette, and Wiltshire Advertiser, May 10th, 1917.

Capt. Cyril Knox Barrow Mogg. Killed in action Nov. 11th, 1917, aged 30. S. of Rev. H. H. Mogg, Vicar of Bishops Cannings. Educated at Wilkinson's and King's College, Taunton. Went to British Columbia. On the outbreak of War enlisted in R.G.A., was transferred to Canadian Infantry, 88th Fusiliers, and obtained a commission. Went to France, June, 1916, and took up trench mortar work. Was at the battles of the Somme, and Vimy Ridge. Invalided home, returned to command a battalion in the taking of Passchendaele on Nov. 10th. One of his brothers was killed some time ago, another is severely wounded.

Obit, notice, Wiltshire Gazette, Nov. 22nd, 1917.

Lieut. J. Cromwell Bush, M.C., Dorset Regt., attached R.F.C. Killed in action. Eldest s. of Rev. H. Cromwell Bush, Vicar of Seend. B. at Salisbury, 1891, educated at Fritham and St. Edward's Schools. Spent some years in Ceylon and India. Commissioned in 5th Wilts, Sept., 1914. Went to Gallipoli, 1915, was one of the few survivors of that battalion at Suvla Bay, was mentioned in despatches and given the M.C. Invalided home, on recovery he went to Egypt as A.D.C., and volunteered for the R.F.C., having received a temporary commission in the Dorset Regiment. Went to France in 1917. He had brought down several German machines.

Obit. notices, Times, Nov. 19th; Wiltshire Gazette, Nov. 22nd, 1917. Canon Arthur Barugh Thynne. Died Nov. 2nd, 1917. Buried at Seend. S. of Frederick Thynne, of Gt. George St., Westminster. Born at Wandsworth Lodge, Surrey, 1840. Educated at King's College School and Trinity Coll., Cambridge, B.A., 1862; M.A., 1866; Deacon, 1865; Priest 1866 (Winchester). Curate of Northam (Hants), 1865; Thames Ditton, 1865-69; Wilsford (Wilts), 1869–73;

Vicar of Seend, 1873-1916. Rural Dean of Potterne 1896-1916. Canon of Salisbury, 1899 until his death. He was the first Vicar of Seend, which had previously been a chapelry of Melksham. During his incumbency the Church was restored and brought to its present admirable condition. The churchyard, too, which probably occupies the finest position, is one of the most beautifully kept in the county. A man of much ability and great business capacity, Canon Thynne took a prominent part in diocesan matters, more especially as the secretary of the Queen Victoria Fund, which he had administered since its foundation; indeed it largely owed its success to his efforts. As a Parish Priest he was held in high esteem at Seend. Few clergy were better known in the Diocese of Salisbury. His shrewd commonsense, united as it was with the saving gift of humour, made his advice and criticism of much weight in all sorts of meetings and committees. He married, 1869, Florence, d. of the Rev. Ed. Lane Sayer, Vicar of Pulloxhill, Beds, who with three sons and four daughters survives him.

Long obit. notices, Wiltshire Gazette, Nov. 8th, 1917; Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, Dec., 1917.

RECENT WILTSHIRE BOOKS, PAMPHLETS,

ARTICLES, &c.

[N.B.-This list does not claim to be in any way exhaustive. The Editor appeals to all authors and publishers of pamphlets, books, or views, in any way connected with the county, to send him copies of their works, and to editors of papers, and members of the Society generally, to send him copies of articles, views, or portraits, appearing in the newspapers.] Highways and Byways in Wiltshire. By Edward Hutton, with Illustrations by Nelly Erichsen. Macmillan & Co., Limited, St. Martin's Street, London. 1917.

Linen. Post 8vo. pp. xvii. + 437. Ninety-five illustrations from pen drawings and folding map. 68. net.

This book comes nearer to being a Guide Book to the Ecclesiastical and Monastic Architecture of the Middle Ages in Wilts than any other yet published. The author, indeed, has an eye for natural scenery and descants on it with much sentiment on occasions, but his real love is for the Churches and the Monastic houses of the middle ages and the Church life which they stood for. For him the Reformation is the end of all things good in Wiltshire and in England. Puritans, Protestants, Anglicans, with a very few exceptions, such as George Herbert, Richard Hooker, the "White King," and Sir Christopher Wren, are to him Anathema. As for the families who succeeded to the monastic properties, the Seymours, the Thynnes, the Hungerfords, the Bayntons, and the rest, no words that he can find are bad enough for them. There is only one class of men who are more degraded than they, to wit, the restorers of Churches within the last sixty years. But if you allow a certain discount for the somewhat vituperative expression of his preferences, you will find the book well written, pleasant to read, and containing a great deal of information, most of it, as the author acknowledges, taken from the pages of this Magazine, as to the architecture of the majority of the old Churches of the county. This is the author's strong point; his history, too, is generally adequate, but on many subjects you will find nothing in his pages He has on the whole a good chapter on Roman Wiltshire in which he dwells on the absence of towns, and implies that Wiltshire was but sparsely populated in Roman times, ignoring the evidence of a great agricultural population on the downs as proved by the multitude of sites of "British villages" of the Romano-British period. He cares nothing, however, for Prehistoric antiquities, and with the exception of Stonehenge, Avebury, and the two long barrows of Lugbury and W. Kennett, has nothing to say about them, and assumes that the ordinary reader cares to know

nothing of them. In his view they do not concern us. Wansdyke he mentions once only, incidentally. Of Geology, Botany, Natural History, there is not a word. Of the Industries, or Agriculture, of the county, past and present, a little, but not much, more. He concentrates on the Churches, from the 11th to the 15th century. The Saxons he hates, we are not really descended from them, we are Neolithic, he says, possibly rightly, but he goes on to deny that there ever was such a thing as Saxon art or Saxon building, and though he duly notes various Churches as "Saxon," i.e., PreConqnest, he altogether refuses to believe that the Bradford Church was ever built in the 10th century or by Saxons at all. It was built by Normans, or rather by an international company of builders in the reign of Edward the Confessor, and Manningford Bruce and presumably other "Saxon" buildings are in like case. When he is pleased with a thing he uses superlative adjectives in its praise; thus of the effigy of William Longespee at Salisbury he writes: "Nothing in the world is grander than this exquisite statue, a masterpiece of the thirteenth century; it is worth any trouble to see." Of Salisbury itself he has a great deal to say, he takes the city as the centre from which he explores the valleys of South Wilts on all sides, treating of almost all their Churches in considerable detail. Indeed he pays much more attention to the south than to the north of the county. It is as though when he had finished the south, he found that he had but scant space or time for the north, and had to hurry over it and treat it far more superficially. He is interesting on Salisbury Cathedral, and is bold enough to say what many have felt, that the very unity of design and rigid perfection of the building make it unsatisfying to us. "It is curious that to our eyes it is only saved from a certain dullness by the glory of the spire, a work not contemporary with the Church, nor even contemplated by its builder." "We are aware of its lack of vitality, its mere size and complexity add only to its monotony, and were it not for the majestic and unifying beauty of the triumphant fourteenth century spire, the Cathedral would be so dull as to be disappointing because it would be merely an endless repetition without organic life." "Fortunately the triumph of the spire hides what would otherwise be obvious aud makes of Salisbury the great Church it was meant to be." He rightly condemns the oiling and polishing of the Purbeck marble shafts of the interior as destroying the harmony of the delicious colour scheme, for the tone of the marble should be silver grey, and is now a dark and dirty brown in amazing contrast to the piers." At Amesbury he enlarges at length on the Legends of Ambrosius and the Morte d'Arthur, Guinivere and Lancelot, and finds a basis of historical truth in the taking of the body of Guinivere by Lancelot to lay it with Arthur at Glastonbury, where the Archbishop of Canterbury was in a hermitage, in the fact of the capture of Old Sarum by the Saxons in 552, A.D., and the consequent imminent danger to the abbey of Amesbury, which had then to be deserted. The legend marks the end of one of the three great Roman and British Christian shrines.

As regards the passages from the north aisle to the chancel in