State and Government in Medieval Islam

accepted according affairs Al-Ahkam al-Dln al-Ghazall al-Jahiz al-Mawardl al-muluk Allah AllSh amir appointed Arabic text asabiyya authority BaghdSd bay'a believed Buyids century claim command concerned dar al-islam delegation dhimml discussion divine doctrine duty early Islamic enjoin established exercise existence Fadl Allah Fakhr Fatimid forbid evil functions fuqaha ghayba Gibb Hasan held Ibid Ibn al-Muqaffa Ibn KhaldQn Ibn Qutayba Ibn Taymiyya ijma ijtihad imam Imamiyya Imaml incumbent jihad judgement jurists justice kharaj Kharijls khums kifaya king kingship Kitab knowledge land Laoust later leader Muhammad mujtahids muqaddimah Muslim Mutazill obedience obey obligatory permissible Persian text person philosophy political possession prayers prophet qadl qiyama qiyas Qur'an Quraysh rebels recognised regard religion religious rule ruler Safawid Shah sharl'a Shl'a Shl'l successor sultan sunna Sunnl taqiyya Tehran temporal theology theory tradition ulama Umar Umayyads umma unjust usurped valid vicegerent wazir zakat Zaydl