ABDERA, a city on the coast of Thrace (acc. to Herod. i. 168, a colony from Teos.) N.E. of Thasos. distance in a straight line from the Ister (or Danube) ii. 97, 1 nn. Nymphodorus an Abderite, Ath. proxenus, father-in-law of Sitalkes k. of Thrace, ii. 29, I n. · Abydus, a city in Asia, on the Hellespont, a colony from Miletus, viii. 61, I n. revolts from Athens, 61, 1. 62, 1. repulses Strombichides the Ath. 62, 2, 3. Strombichides called away, 69, 3 n. a Pelop. squadron there, eluded by the Ath. 102, 2 n, joins Mindarus' fleet against Elæus, and returns to Ab. 103, 1. the Pelop. fleet stands out from Ab. against the Ath., 104, 1, 2. defeated takes refuge at Ab. 106, I. sails from Ab. to Elæus, 107, 3. heavy armed troops brought from Ab. to Antandrus, to expel a Persian garrison, 108, 4, 5.

Acamantis, an Ath. tribe (so called, acc. to Suid. and Steph. Byzant. from Acamas son of Theseus); the prytany held by that tribe, when the one year's truce was ratified, iv. 118, 7 n.

Acanthus, a Lac. swears to the fifty years' peace, v. 19, 2, and the fifty years' alliance, 24, I.

Acanthus and Acanthians, in Chalcidice, N. side of the Isthmus of Athos, a colony from Andros, a subject ally of Athens, iv. 84, I n. Brasidas marches against it, nearly at the time of vintage, ib. they give him a hearing, § 2. 85-87. revolt from the Ath. 88, 1. the Toronæans and the Scionæans addressed in like manner, 114, 3. 120, 3. Acanthian troops on Brasidas' second expedition into Lyncus, 124, I. its condition as settled by the fifty years' peace, v. 18, 5 n.

Acarnan, son of Alcmæon, name of Acarnania derived from, ii. 102, 9 n.

Acarnania, a country on the W. coast of N. Greece (opposite to Cephallenia ii. 30, 3), between the r. Achelous and the Ambracian gulf. Arms constantly worn by the Acarnanians, i. 5, 3, 4. the Ac. skilful slingers, ii. 81, 8, 9. Ath. envoys sent thither, ii. 7, 3. all allies of the Ath. (except Eniadæ, i. III, 4. ii. 102, 3. iii. 94, 1), ii. 9, 5. Sollium city and territory taken by the Ath. and given to the Ac. of Palærus, ii. 30, 1. Astacus in Acarn. brought into the Ath. alliance, § 2. Euarchus, an Ac. tyrant of Astacus, restored by the Cor.; attempts

B

on other Ac. towns fail, 33, 1, 2. the Amphilochians ejected by the Ambraciots seek protection of the Ac. both, aided by the Ath. under Phormio, take and occupy Amphilochian Argos, 68, 6, 7. first alliance between Acarnania and Athens, § 8. expedition of Ambraciots with barbarian allies and Pelop. into Acarnania, to Stratus, 80. nn. Acarn. of the coast, ii. 80, I. 83, I n. measures adopted by the Ac. ii. 81, 1. the Ac. of Stratus defeat the barbarian forces, § 4-6. political expedition of Phormio into the interior of Acarn. ii. 102 nn. the Ac. request of the Ath. succours under a commander of the family of Phormio, iii. 7, I. the whole force of Acarnania invades and wastes the territory, and Asopius approaches the city Eniadæ by the r. Achelous without effect, § 3, 4. the Ac. with the Ath. and allies devastate the territory of Leucas, and urge Demosthenes to besiege it, 94, 1, 2. the forces retire, to the great displeasure of the Ac. 95, 1. they refuse to join the expedition into Ætolia, § 2. at Demosthenes' request save Naupactus, reinforcing its garrison, iii. 102, 3-6. the Ambraciots persuade the Pelop. to join in an expedition against Acarn. and Amphilochian Argos, § 7. Olpæ the seat of the ancient national court of the Ac. occupied by the Ambraciot invaders, 105, 1 n. cf. n. to 107, 1. the Ac. muster at Amphil. Argos, and at Crenæ; and send for Demosthenes and an Ath. squadron, 105, 2 n. the Pelop. march through Acarn. elude the Ac. and reach Olpæ, 106, nn. the Ac. appoint Demosthenes commander of all their forces, 107, 3. the Ac. at battle of Olpæ attack in the rear and rout the Pelop. 108, 1. press upon the retreat of the Ambraciots, § 4. Ac. commanders with Demosth. conclude a secret

agreement for the safe retreat of the Pelop. 109. send to cut off an Ambraciot reinforcement, 110. the Ac. scarcely prevailed on to spare the Pelop. pursue and cut off the Ambraciots, III, 3-5 nn. under Demosthenes cut off the Ambraciot reinforcement at Idomene, 112. might have taken Ambracia, 113, 3. assigned a portion of the spoils to the Ath. and to Demosthenes, 114, 1, 2. treaty of defensive alliance between the Ac. and Ambraciots, 114, 5, 6. aided by the Ath. occupy Anactorium, iv. 49 n. the Ac. reduce Eniada to join the Ath. alliance; with Demosthenes reduce Salynthius and the Agræans also, 77, 2 n. go by sea under Demosth. against Siphæ, but fail, 89, 1. with him land on the coast of Sicyon, IOI, 3. 4. Demosthenes on his way to Sicily, touches on the Ac. coast, vii. 31, 2. assembles slingers and darters, § 5. motives of the Ac. serving under the Ath. 57, 10. Ac. darters on board the Ath. fleet, in the last battle at Syracuse, 60, 4 n. 67, 2 n.

Acesines (acc. to Pliny Asines), a r. in the territory of Naxos, E. coast of Sicily, iv. 25, 8.

Achaia, a region on the N. coast of Pelop. consisting of twelve states (see Herod. i. 145, 2. Strabo ix.). Achaians used by Homer as a denomination of one only of the various races inhabiting the country afterwards called Hellas, i. 3, 3, 5 n. suffered in a storm on their return from

Troy, iv. 120, 1. Achaians accompany Demosth. against ŒŒniadæ, i. III, 4. Achaia given up by the Ath. 115, I n. on amicable terms with both Pelop. and Ath. at the beginning of the war, ii. 9, 2 n. Zacynthus colonized by the Ach. 66, 1. Patræ in Achaia, 83, 3 n. Dyme in Achaia, 84, 3. Achaians excluded from the Lac. colony Heracleia, iii. 92, 7. Achaia demanded by the

Ath. iv. 21, 3. its political arrangements altered by the Lac., v. 82, 1. Pelop. fleet off its coast supported by the Ach. as allies, vii. 34, 1, 2 n.

Achaia, used for Achaia Phthiotis, iv. 78, 1 n. the Phthiot Achaians subject to the Thessalians, viii. 3, 1 n.

Acharnæ, N. by W. of Athens, a very important demus of Attica; furnishing 3000 heavy-armed men, more than one-tenth of the whole amount of the Ath. heavy-armed, ii. 19, 2. 20, 3. cf. 13, 6. the Pelop. encamp there and ravage it, 19, 5. continue there; their object, 20. effect on the Ath. and the Acharnians, 21. the Pelop. break up thence, ii. 23, I.

Achelous, a r. of W. Greece. its course from m. Pindus through Dolopia, the Agræans and Amphilochians, along the plain of Acarnania to the sea at Eniadæ; a defence in winter to that city, ii. 102, 3 n. its alluvial deposit, and formation of islands, § 4-6. crossed by the Pelop. expedition against Amphilochian Argos, iii, 106, 1. the boundary between Ætolia and Acarnania, ib. n.

Acheron, a river of Thesprotis in W. Greece, and the Acherusian lake formed by it, discharges itself into the sea near Ephyre, i. 46, 5, 6.

Achilles, his followers from Phthiotis alone called Hellenes by Homer, i. 3, 3 n.

Acræ, a town in Sicily, a colony of Syracuse, W. of it, date of foundation, vi. 5, 2.

Acræum Lepas, a strong position of the Syracusans on the Ath. line of retreat, vii. 78, 5 n. the Ath. in vain attempt to force it, 79, 1-3.

Acragas, on S. coast of Sicily, between Gela and Selinus, vii. 58, 1. a colony from Gela, vi. 4, 4. Acragantines persuaded by Phæax join the Ath. alliance against Syracuse, v. 4, 5, 6. allowed no aids to Syrac.

to pass through their territory, vii. 32, I. neutral in the Syrac. war, 33, 2. 58, 1. disturbed by a faction favourable to Syracuse, 46. it is expelled, 50, 1.

Acropolis of Athens, seized by Cylon, i. 126, 4, 5. the original city, ii. 15, 4, 8. called simply πóλɩs; the temples there, v. 18, 9 n. 23, 5. 47, II. secured from occupation during the plague, ii. 17, 1. its Propylæa, ii. 13, 3. inscribed orλn there recording the tyrants' injustice, vi. 55, 1, 2 nn. recording the fifty years' peace, v. 18, 9.

Acrothoï, one of the 6 small towns of the Acte of m. Athos, iv. 109, 3.

Actæan cities, on the coast of Asia, belonging to Mytilene, iv. 52, 3 n. cf. iii. 50, 4.

Acte, the peninsula of m. Athos, iv. 109, 1 n. contains six cities; elements of their population, § 3 n.

Actium, a town in the territory of Anactorium; a Corcyræan herald meets the Corinthian fleet there, i. 29, 2. Corinthian camp there, 30, 3. Adeimantus, f. of Aristeus, a Cor. i. 60, 2.

Admetus, k. of the Molossians, i. 136, 3. receives Themistocles, § 7. protects and aids him in his flight, 137, I.

Adramyttium, see Atramyttium. Adriatic, name unknown to Thuc. S. part of it called by him Ionian Gulf, i. 24, I n.

Æantides, son of Hippoclus (Herod. iv. 138, 1.) tyrant of Lampsacus, and son-in-law of Hippias tyrant of Athens, vi. 59, 3, 4.

Edolian lochus of the Lac. n. to iv. 8, 9.

Ægæan sea, i. 98, 2. iv. 109, 2.

Ægaleōn (in Herod. viii. 90, 6. Ægaleōs), a m. of Attica, ii. 19, 2 n.

Ægina, island, and Æginetans; fleet before Median war chiefly of fifty-oared vessels, half-decked; war with Æg. caused the building of the Ath. fleet, i.

14, 4 n. Æg. defeated by the Ath. 41, 2 n. defeated in a sea-fight, and besieged by the Ath. 105, 3. aided by the Pelop. § 4. submit to the Ath. 108, 3. complain to the Lac. of subjection to the Ath. 67, 2 n. their independence demanded by the Lac. 139, 1. 140, 6. expelled by the Ath. from Æg. which is occupied by Ath. settlers, ii. 27, I, 2. most of the Æg. settled by the Lac. in Thyrea § 3-5 n. Ath. fleet touches at Æg. 31, 2. Corcyræan envoys confined there, iii. 72, 1. Thyrea, the new abode of the Æg. visited by an Ath. fleet, iv. 56, 2. 57, 1, 2. taken, pillaged and burnt; the survivors sent to Athens, and slain by decree, § 3, 4. shortest route of Ath. succours to Argos, from Æg. through Epidaurus, v. 53. Ath. settlers in Æg. called Æginetans, v. 74, 3 n; serve at the siege of Syracuse, vii. 57, 2 n; engaged in the oligarchical conspiracy at Athens, viii. 69. 3. their motive ib. n. Ath. expedition to Sicily tries its speed as far as Æg. vi. 32, 3 n. the second expedition proceeds to Æg. vii. 20, 2. leaves Æg. 26, 1. a Lac. fleet overruns Æg. viii. 92, 3. Æginetan Drachma and Obolus, see Drachma, and Obolus.

Ægitium, a town of Ætolia, defeat and loss of the Ath. there under De

mosthenes, iii. 97, 2, 3 n.

nians a colony from Boeotia, tributary allies of Athens; Ænians serving against Syracuse, vii. 57, 5.

Æoladas, a Theban, f. of Pagondas, iv. 91.

Æolis, afterwards called Calydon and Pleuron, iii. 102, 6 n. Æolians possessors of Corinth before the Dorians, iv. 42, 2 n. the Æolic or Eolian the most ancient of the Hellenian nations or races, notes to iii. 2, 3, and iv. 42, 2. Æolic towns on the Asiatic continent as opposed to those in Lesbos, iv. 52, 3 n. Cume or Cyme in Æolia, iii. 31,1. the Bootians, Lesbians, Tenedians and Enians (of Ænus, not Ænianes) are Eolians, iii. 2, 3 n. vii. 57, 5. viii. 100, 3 n., and the Antandrians, 108, 4. Æolians serving under the Ath. at Syracuse, vii. 57, 5.

Eolus, islands of, off the Sicel or N. coast of Sicily are arid; Lipara alone inhabited; colonized from Cnidus; in the Syrac. alliance; ravaged by the Ath. iii. 88, 1-6 nn. second Ath. expedition against, 115, 1. superstition respecting Hiera; it is volcanic, 83, 3, 4.

Æsimides, a Corcyræan naval commander, i. 47, I.

Eson, an Argive ambassador to Lacedæmon, v. 40, 3.

Æthæans, Laconian Perioci or

con, iii. 52, 7.

Æneas, a Cor. son of Ocytas or Ocytus, signs the one year's Truce, iv. 119, 2.

Enesias, Ephor of Sparta at commencement of the Pelop. War, ii. 2, 1.

Enianes, a people inhabiting the N. side of the valley of the r. Spercheius, v. 51, I.

Enus, an Æolic city on the coast of Thrace E. of the r. Hebrus, (Herod. iv. 90, 4. vii. 58, 5.) Targeteers thence at Athens, iv. 28, 4. the E

town, accord. to Steph. Byz., Aidala, πόλις Λακωνικῆς μία τῶν ἑκατόν.

Æthiopia, above or inland of Egypt, the plague said to have begun there, ii. 48, 1; see Strabo, ii.

Ætna, a volcanic mountain of Sicily, iii. 116. three eruptions from, § 3.

Ætolia, and Etolians: features of the country indicated, iii. 97, 3. 98, I, 2. Ætolian unwalled towns or villages, 94, 4, Potidania, Crocyleium, Teichium, 96, 2, Ægitium, 97, 2. the people described, 94, 4, (comp. i.

5, 3, 4.) principal divisions of, 94, 5. subdivisions or tribes of the Ophionian division, 96, 3. Ath. expedition for conquest of, suggested to Demosthenes by Messenians of Naupactus, 94, 3-5. starts from Eneōn in Locris, 95, 3. its progress, 96, 1, 2. the Æt. assemble against it, 96, 3. attack it at Ægitium, 97, 4. drive it back with carnage to Eneōn, 98. Æt. embassy to Corinth and Lacedæmon solicits aid to reduce Naupactus, 100, 1, n. expedition with that object from Delphi through Locris, 101, 1-102, I. Ætolians join it in the territory of Naupactus, 102, 2. it fails from Naupactus being reinforced, 102, 3, 6. Ætolians in the pay of Athens at Syracuse, vii. 57, 9.

Africa, see Libya. Agamemnon's fleet, 1.9, 3-5. power its origin, 9, 1, 2. sceptre, 9, 5 n.

Agatharchidas, a Corinthian commander in the first sea-fight against Phormion, ii. 83, 4.

Agatharchus, commander of a Syracusan squadron sent out to intercept the Athenian convoys, vii. 25, I. commanded one wing of the Syracusan fleet in the last engagement in the harbour, 70, 1.

Agesander, a Spartan, one of three envoys from Lacedæmon with the ultimate proposal to Athens, i. 139, 3. Agesander, f. of Pasitelidas, a Lac. iv. 132, 3.

Agesandridas, son of Agesander, a Spartan, commander of the expedition from Las against Euboea, viii. 91, 2. 94, I, 2. 95, 3. defeats the Ath. off Eretria, and effects the revolt of Eubœa, 95, 4-7.

Agesippidas or Hegesippidas, Lac. commander of Heracleia in Trachis, v. 52, I. sent to reinforce the garrison of Epidaurus, 56, 1.

Agis ("Ayıs, or with Bekker and Poppo 'Ayis), son of Archidamus, k.

of the Lac.; in the sixth year of the war leads the expedition for the yearly invasion of Attica, prevented by earthquakes, iii. 89, 1. invades and lays it waste, iv. 2, 1. returns, 6, 1. swears to treaties, v. 19, 2. 24, I n. stopped on his march at Leuctra by the sacrifices proving unfavourable, 54, I. begins his campaign against the Argives, 57, I. meets and eludes the Argives and their allies at Methydrium in Arcadia, 58, 2. his dispositions for invading Argolis, 58, 4. interposing between the Argives and their city, places his allies in their rear, 59, 3. concludes a four months' truce, and leads off his forces, 60, 1. much blamed by them, § 2, 3. the Lacedæmonians deliberate on fining him and razing his house to the ground, 63, 1. appoint a council of ten Spartans to accompany him on expeditions, 63, 4. about to attack the Argives strongly posted, is rebuked, and forbears, 65, 2. turns the water from the Tegean into the Mantinic territory, 65, 4. hastily makes his dispositions for the battle of Mantineia, 66, 2-67, 1. orders a flank movement to extend his left wing, 71, 3 n. orders imperfectly executed, and his left driven back with loss, 72, 1-3. he is victorious in the centre and right, 72, 4-73, 1. marches to the relief of the left, 73, 2. heads the expedition of Lacedæmonians and allies which destroys the Long Walls of Argos, and slaughters all the free inhabitants of Hysiæ, 83, 1, 2. lays waste the plain country of Attica and fortifies Deceleia, vii. 19, 1, 2. continues there, making the conduct of the war his main object, 27, 3-5. levies contributions on the allies, takes most of the Etæans' stock, who redeem it; in spite of the Thessalians' remonstrances, exacts from the Phthiot Achæans and their other subjects