The Economic and Social Origins of Gnosticism

According antinomian Apion Apocalypse Apocalypse of Adam Archons ascetic asceticism assimilation behaviour Carpocrates Christian Clement of Alexandria cleruchs contrast cosmic world cultural Demiurge Diaspora economic Egyptian Jews epheboi ethnic evidence example Flacc Gnosis Gospel Gospel of Philip Greek Haer Hebrew Hellenistic Civilization Hengel heresiologists History Ibid ideology Imperial Estates indicates individual institutions interpretation Irenaeus irrigation Jerusalem Jewish Jewish community Jews in Egypt Josephus Judaism Judaism and Hellenism labour land Leiden libertine literature London midrashic mobility mode of production Mosaic Law Nag Hammadi library non-Jewish normative Old Testament Pagels Palestine papyri Parassoglou Pearson peasants Philo pneumatic politeuma population Ptolemaic Egypt Ptolemaic mode Quispel rabbis religion religious rituals role Roman Egypt Rostovtzeff royal Safrai second century A.D. sectarian secular SEHHW Sethian slaves social sociological status Stroumsa structure Studies suggested synagogue Taubenschlag taxes Tcherikover Temple tion Torah tractates trade traditions trans Valentinian Valentinus Weber