Seeds: Physiology of Development and GerminationSeed: germination, structure, and composition. Seed germination-some general features. Measurement of germination. Seed structure. Seed storage reserves. Seed development and maturation. Embryogeny and storage tissue formation. Source of assimilates for grain and seed filling. Deposition of reserves within storage tissues. Hormones in the developing seed. Development-regulation and maturation. Germinability during development. Viviparous mutants and precocious germination. Maturation drying and the "switch" to germination. The dry seed. Recalcitrant seeds. Cellular events during germination and seedling growth. Imbibition. The completion for germination: radicle elongation and its control. Respiration-oxygen consumption. Mitochondrial development and oxidative phosphorylation. Respiration under anaerobic conditions. Protein synthesis during germination and its dependence on RNA synthesis. DNA synthesis and cell division. Seedling development. Dormancy and the control of germination. Internal controls. Embryonic inadequacy-the causes. Development of dormancy. The external controls. Control of germination-a summary. Some ecophysiological aspects of germination. Seed burial. Germination in direct sunlight. Germination under leaf shade. Temperature. Water. Interactions. Secondary dormancy and seasonal germination. Germination, plant distribution, and plant origin. Chemicals in the natural environment. Mobilization of stored seed reserves. Stored carbohydrate catabolism. Mobilization of stored carbohydrate reserves in cereals. Mobilization of stored carbohydrate reserves in legumes. Hemicellulose-containing seeds other than legumes. Stored triacylglycerol catabolism. Stored protein catabolism. Stored phosphate catabolism. Mobilization of nucleic acids from the storage regions. Control of the mobilization of stored reserves. Control of reserve mobilization in cereals. Control processes in other seeds. Seeds and germination: some agricultural and industrial aspects. Malting. Preharvest sprouting in cereals. Viability and longevity of seeds. Somatic embryogenesis. |
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a-amylase accumulation activity afterripening aleurone aleurone layer amino acids amylose Arabidopsis axis barley Bewley carbohydrate castor bean cell walls cereals chilling cotyledons cultivars cytokinins desiccation developing seeds dicot dormancy dormant seeds dry seeds effect elongation embryo endosperm enzymes example factors fatty acids Figure galactomannan gene expression germination gibberellin glucose glyoxysomes grains growth regulators hormone hydrolysis imbibition increase inhibited inhibitor isolated legumes legumin lettuce maize maturation drying mature seed membrane metabolism mitochondria mobilization mRNA mutants nondormant occurs oil bodies oligosaccharides osmotic oxidation oxygen pathway pea seeds phosphate phytin phytochrome Plant Physiol polypeptides production prolamins protein bodies protein synthesis proteinase radicle region reserves respiration scutellum secondary dormancy Section seed coat seed development seedling sequence soybean species starch starchy endosperm storage protein storage tissues subunits sucrose synthetase temperature testa transcription translocated triacylglycerol upstream vacuole vicilin water content water uptake wheat