Seeds: Physiology of Development and GerminationSeed: germination, structure, and composition. Seed germination-some general features. Measurement of germination. Seed structure. Seed storage reserves. Seed development and maturation. Embryogeny and storage tissue formation. Source of assimilates for grain and seed filling. Deposition of reserves within storage tissues. Hormones in the developing seed. Development-regulation and maturation. Germinability during development. Viviparous mutants and precocious germination. Maturation drying and the "switch" to germination. The dry seed. Recalcitrant seeds. Cellular events during germination and seedling growth. Imbibition. The completion for germination: radicle elongation and its control. Respiration-oxygen consumption. Mitochondrial development and oxidative phosphorylation. Respiration under anaerobic conditions. Protein synthesis during germination and its dependence on RNA synthesis. DNA synthesis and cell division. Seedling development. Dormancy and the control of germination. Internal controls. Embryonic inadequacy-the causes. Development of dormancy. The external controls. Control of germination-a summary. Some ecophysiological aspects of germination. Seed burial. Germination in direct sunlight. Germination under leaf shade. Temperature. Water. Interactions. Secondary dormancy and seasonal germination. Germination, plant distribution, and plant origin. Chemicals in the natural environment. Mobilization of stored seed reserves. Stored carbohydrate catabolism. Mobilization of stored carbohydrate reserves in cereals. Mobilization of stored carbohydrate reserves in legumes. Hemicellulose-containing seeds other than legumes. Stored triacylglycerol catabolism. Stored protein catabolism. Stored phosphate catabolism. Mobilization of nucleic acids from the storage regions. Control of the mobilization of stored reserves. Control of reserve mobilization in cereals. Control processes in other seeds. Seeds and germination: some agricultural and industrial aspects. Malting. Preharvest sprouting in cereals. Viability and longevity of seeds. Somatic embryogenesis. |
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a-amylase activity afterripening aleurone aleurone layer amino acids amylose Arabidopsis axis barley Bewley carbohydrate castor bean cell walls cereals chilling coat-imposed cotyledons cultivars cytokinins desiccation developing seeds dormancy dormancy breakage dormant seeds dry seed effect elongation embryo embryo dormancy endosperm enzymes example factors far-red light fatty acids Figure galactomannan genes germination gibberellin glucose glyoxysomes grains hormone hydrated hydrolysis hydrolyzed imbibed imbibition increase inhibited inhibitor isolated legumes legumin lettuce maize maturation drying membrane metabolism mitochondria mobilization mRNA mutants NADH occurs oil bodies osmotic oxidation oxygen pathway phase phosphate phytin phytochrome Plant Physiol polypeptides polysomes production prolamins protein bodies protein synthesis proteinase radicle region released reserves respiration scutellum secondary dormancy Section seed coat seed development seedling sequence soil soybean species starch starchy endosperm storage protein storage tissues subunits sucrose synthetase temperature testa triacylglycerol vicilin water content water potential water uptake wheat