world. Philadelphia retains its character as the mosphere. It consists of a double telescope with a healthiest of all American cities.

single eye piece, by which two objects at known distances may be compared. Thus the effect of the 10,489 stratum of air between them may be noted. The 2,715 inventor thinks that a measure of transparency may 729" be of great importance in a sanitary point of view.

"The nativities of the deceased for 1867 were-
United States,
Foreign,
Unknown,

dry fog which sometimes intercepts the light is caused by myriads of organic germs floating near the earth, which become transparent when saturated with moisture, and are swept to the earth by heavy rains. Valliant, however, believes that the haze sometimes seen in fine weather is the effect of variations in the density of the atmosphere, for reflected light, passing through such a medium, would not give a distinct im ession of distant objects.

Earthquakes in various localities at a distanceHe agrees with Pasteur, who supposes that the light were chronicled in our last month's report, since which time we have had reports of the same kind of visitations nearer home. A Troy paper, of the 19th, states that during the day previous" a strong and terrifying convulsion of the earth had taken place in a region of country beginning at Montreal, in Canada East, and Bolleville, Canada West, and reaching as far south as Troy and Albany, including large portions of Vermont and northern New York." The writer then names various places where it had occurred, and gives a minute description of the shock experienced at Troy. In some localities houses were shaken and somewhat damaged.

It will be seen by the preceding exhibit that the quantity of rain which fell during the year 1867 exceeded that of 1866 by nearly fifteen inches, while the temperature has not only been below that of the corresponding month of the year previous, but a little below the average of the past seventy-eight years for the Twelfth month.

INTERCOURSE WITH JAPAN.-The Japanese ports of Hiogo and Osaka will be thrown open to foreigners on the 26th inst. The Japanese Government agree to provide sections of these towns for the residence of foreigners, and to furnish them with streets, sewers, sea embankments, &c. The Japanese resi dents in these sections will not, however, be compelled to vacate their houses. The Japanese Government will reimburse itself for its outlay by the proceeds of the leases, which will be offered at public auction. It will also provide warehouses and cemetries. Another foreign settlement is permitted on the west coast, and a section of Jeddo will be alloted to foreigners.

The snow storm of the 12th of the month was a very severe one, making unusually good sleighing for so early in the season, while that of the last day of the year extended a considerable distance south of us. SHODDY.-In 1813, the first attempt was made in At Richmond it was six inches deep, while at Dan-England to utilize such waste material as soft woolen ville and other more southern portions of that State rags, worn out carpets, flannels, guernsey's, stockit reached a depth of twelve inches! ings, &c. Afterwards the shoddy machines were so The following table, though not directly pertain-modified as to utilize what is called "mungo," which ing to the health of our city, is nevertheless possessed of considerable interest, inasmuch as the greater the number of convenient dwellings provided for our citizens and their families, the more are their comforts enhanced, and indirectly cleanliness and health promoted.

แ

Permits for new buildings issued during 1864, 1603 1865, 2024 1866, 2753

increased during 1867 to 3777 being considerably more than double the number erected in 1864, while it will be observed the increase has been continuous. There were also issued in 1867, 1306 permits for additions and alterations. J. M. ELLIS.

Philadelphia, First month, 1868.

white citizens.

ITEMS.

THE REPORT of the Indian Peace Commissioners, which is a document of great length and gives much valuable information on the Indian question, is to the effect that, 1st. The Indians have suffered great wrongs at the hands of the Government, and its 2d. That the Indians, east of the Rocky Mountains, should be gathered into reservations aside from the main routes of travel, placed under efficient protection and control, taught the industries of peace, brought under the influence of Christianity and civilization, aided and instructed in the transition from nomadic to productive pursuits, and otherwise assisted and directed.

THE Iron Mountain Railroad, in Missouri, is being rapidly graded, and its construction is pushed forward vigorously. Already the road is transferring ore from the Iron Mountain to St. Louis, whence it goes to the furnaces in the States farther east.

NEW METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENT.-Prof. De la Rive, of Geneva, Switzerland, has invented an instrument for determining the transparency of the at

consists of threadbare broadcloths of fine quality, and is brought from all countries where such clothes are worn. At present shoddy forms about one-fifth of the weight of the woolen and worsted manufactures of West Ridings. Shoddy and mungo mixed with wool are made into cheap broadcloths and clippings of other woolen cloths and material for ladies' caps and mantles, for petershams, pilots, pea-jackets and blankets. They enter into the composition of felted cloth used for overcoats, carpets, table-covers, etc. It is said the trade could not be carried on without shoddy and mungo; and the amount consumed yearly ranges from 70,003,000 to 80,000,000 pounds.

THE ANGLE OF SIXTY DEGREES -Every mechanic has at times observed that there was a certain angle, which, when given to the cutting lines of tools, was more effective, and resisted the action of the material in which the tools operated better than others; but with the exception of an effort to remember these lines by the eye, he has no guage or guide to assist him in the production of the same angle again.

It is generally acknowledged that the cutting angle of a lathe-turning tool operates best, is the most effective, and has the greatest strength, when formed with an angle of about sixty degrees; and this same angle, which in tools of this kind may be called the "angle of strength," can be formed to advantage in all tools which are used to operate in iron or steel.

The angel of sixty degrees is easily formed, and as easily remembered. To obtain the proper proportions, inscribe a circle, and in this circle draw an equilateral triangle, the points of which intersect the diameter of the circle, and this angle has sixty degrees, and has been found by experience to be the strongest and most durable form that can be given to an iron-cutting tool. If the reverse of this angle, or an indented V of the same form, be made in a piece of metal, it will form a guage or guide by which to form the cutting edges of nearly all the tools of the iron-worker.-American Artisan.

FRIENDS' INTELLIGENCER.

"TAKE FAST HOLD OF INSTRUCTION; LET HER NOT GO; KEEP HER; FOR SHE IS THY LIFE."

Notes of Foreign Travel, from Private Correspondence.

At Publication Office, No. 144 North Seventh Street, OBITUARY........

TERMS:-PAYABLE IN ADVANCE

The Paper is issued every Seventh-day, at Three Dollars per annum. $2.50 for Clubs; or, four copies for $10.

Agents for Clubs will be expected to pay for the entire Club. Remittances by mail must be in Checks. Drafts. or P. O. MONEY ORDERS -the latter preferred. MONEY sent by mail will be at the risk of the person so sending.

The Postage on this paper, paid in advance at the office where it is received, in any part of the United States, is 20 cents a year. AGENTS-Joseph S. Cohu, New York.

Henry Haydock, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Benj. Stratton, Richmond, Ind.

William H. Churchman, Indianapolis, Ind.

James Baynes, Baltimore, Md.

THE PENNS AND PENINGTONS.

(Continued from page 723.)

A New-Year's Wish for 1868.........

Remarks on the Yearly Meeting of the Society of Friends.. 746
Friends' Fuel Association for the Poor.....

POETRY.....

Friends' Amongst the Freedmen.

A Plea for Youthful Enthusiasm

Faith Working by Love.......

The Little Brown Bird..
ITEMS.........

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748

748

749

751

751

752

752

mate fulfilment of the promise of the Lord, "Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after

Her husband, Herbert Springett, barrister-righteousness, for they shall be filled."

at-law, who died in 1621, was at his death, as is
stated on the mural monument to his memory
in Ringmer church,

In the sixtie and sixe year of his age,
A friend to virtue, a lover of learning,
Of prudence great, of justice a furtherer.
Redress he did the wrongs of many a wight,
Fatherless and widdows by him possess their right.
To search into each cause, and thus end all strife,
With patience great he spent his mortal life.

Having found no abiding comfort amid religious professors, she at length determined to try the "I then had my world. gay She says, conversation much among people of no religion, being ashamed to be counted religious, or to do anything that was called religious; and I began to loathe whatever profession of that sort any one made, holding the professors of any sort worse than the profane, they boasted so much of what I knew they had not attained; I havMary Penington describes her own religious ing been zealous in whatever they pretended to, feelings as being at this time in a very unsatis- yet could not find purging of heart, nor an anfied state. She says she changed her ways swer from the Lord of acceptation. In this often, going from one notion to another. In restless state I let in every sort of notion that fact, she went the whole round of the popular rose in that day, and for a time applied myself sects of that day; heard their preachers ou all to examine them, and get out of them whatoccasions; made the acquaintance of high re- ever good could be found; but still sorrow and ligious professors; attended their lectures, their trouble was the end of all. I was at length fasts, their thanksgivings, their prayer meet- ready to conclude that though the Lord and ings; watched their private walk in life, and His Truth were certain, yet that they are not noticed the position they took in the world. now made known to any upon earth; and I deInstead of meeting with the spiritual instruction termined no more to inquire or look after God, and seeing the realization of the Christian life for that it was in vain to seek him. So for of which she had been in quest, she turned some time I took no notice of any religion, but away heartsick, under the impression of a per-minded recreation, as it is called; and went vading empty show that had assumed the name after it into many excesses and vanities-as. of religion. At length she made up her mind foolish mirth, carding, dancing, and singing. I to abandon all outward forms of religious wor- frequented music assemblies, and made vain visits ship, and to hold herself unconnected with where there were jovial feastings. I delighted any section of Christians, relying on the ulti-in curiosities, and in what would please the

Her mind having fully realized the superficial and unsatisfying character of the fashionable amusements of the gay world, her thoughts be melted into tears, and feel an inexpressible again and again turned to the religious feelings of former days. She still clung to the belief that though she had run into vanity, she was yet under her Heavenly Father's care, and that he who had made the blessed promise to that state, knew of the hungering and thirsting after righteousness which often had such possession of her mind. But above all things she abhorred hypocrisy and religious presumption in any one, and therefore she often distrusted herself, and these feelings. She could not for a long time "In the condition I have mentioned, of entertain the idea that it was the Holy Spirit weary seeking and not finding, I married my which was giving her these gleams of light and dear husband Isaac Penington. My love was trust, and tendering her heart in prayerful drawn to him because I found he saw the deceit feeling towards God. Thus she details circum- of all mere notions about religion; he lay as one stances that unfold her state of mind::that refused to be comforted until He came to "One day, when going through the city His temple who is truth and no lie.' Al

things that had only the appearance of religion recorded. I shall ever look back upon the were very manifest to him, so that he was sick years spent in the Indian country as among the and weary of show, and in this my heart united pleasantest of my life, and if in all my dealwith him, and a desire was in me to be service-ings with white men I had found the same able to him in this desolate condition; for he sense of honor that characterized my "savage was as one alone, and felt miserable in the friends, my appreciation of human nature would world. I gave up much to be a companion to be much higher." him. And, oh! the secret groans and cries that were raised in me, that I might be visited of the Lord, and brought to a clear knowledge of His truth and way; that my feet might be turned into that way before I went hence, even if I never should take one step in it that would bring joy or peace; yet that I might assuredly know myself to be in it, even if my time were spent in sorrow.

one.

"I resolved never to go back into those formal things I had left, having found death and darkness in them, but would rather be without a religion until the Lord manifestly taught me Many times, when alone, did I reason thus:- Why should I not know the way of Divine life? For if the Lord would give me all in this world, it would not satisfy me.' Nay,' I would cry out, I care not for a portion in this life give it to those that care for it: I am miserable with it. It is acceptance with God, of which I once had a sense, that I desire, and that alone can satisfy me.'

(To be continued.)

In the 5th month, 1858, he took passage at St. Louis, in the Fur Company's steamboat Twilight, laden with supplies for the various trading posts on the upper Missouri and its tributaries. After passing beyond the confines of civilization and entering the borders of the Sioux country, more than 1200 miles above St. Louis, they met with a band of Yanktons who had recently sold a portion of their beau-• tiful country, Dacotah, to the United States, reserving a tract on which the Government bound itself to establish a farm and school for their benefit. His first view of the natives is thus described: "The white skin lodges, scattered over the broad green prairie, the horses feeding in all directions, and the gay dresses of the Indians on the river's bank, formed a wild and picturesque scene. As we neared the camp. firing salutes meanwhile from the cannon on board, men, women and children flocked down to the water's edge to witness the landing of the "Fire Canoe."

The squaws, however, generally remained in the background, although the young and pretty See to it that we keep up a constant acquaint ones, with their cheeks tinged with vermillion, ance and communion with God, converse with were, like their sisters of a lighter hue, by no Him daily, and keep up stated times for call-means averse to displaying their charms, or ing upon Him, that so, when trouble comes, it may find the wheels of prayer a going. M. Henry.

AMONG THE INDIANS.*

A Review.

BY S. M. JANNEY.

To readers who take pleasure in studying the traits of Indian character, and in investigating the causes of Indian wars, the work of Henry A. Boller will prove interesting. The author, during his long sojourn among the wild tribes of the Far West, had a good opportunity to study their character, and it appears from many incidents related in his narrative, that he had a happy faculty of gaining their confidence. He says, in h s preface, "I have endeavored to narrate truthfully, and without exaggeration, only such incidents as fell under my personal observation, and also to portray faithfully Indian life in its home aspect. At the present time, when the Indian is being held up before the world as an incarnate fiend, it is but fair that his redeeming qualities should likewise be

displeased with the attention they excited. The old ones, on the contrary, their scant leathern dresses blackened and greasy with age and dirt, remained completely in the rear, scolding almost incessantly at the dogs and children. None of the squaws of this band would have stood for types of that female beauty which has its existence only in the imagination of the novelist; some of the old ones, worn out by age and hard work, were surely fit living representations of Egyptian mummies."

They were gathered on the river bank waiting for the arrival of their annuities, which were on board the steamer, in charge of Col. Redfield. The chiefs and principal men being permitted to come on board, a council was held in the cabin, where the agent, through his interpreter, made them the usual address, urging them "to love their enemies, and obey the wishes of their Great Father, the President." "This advice, though wel meant," says the author, "would doubtless be wore honored in the breach than in the observance."

To accept the great Christian doctrine which requires us to love our enemies, must be a hard lesson for an Indian, whose education has been directly the reverse; and unhappily he has little encouragement to practice it, from the ex

ample of many who profess to believe in the precepts of Jesus.

After the annuities and presents were delivered, the council concluded with a feast, consisting of black medicine (coffee) and hard bread. The decks were then cleared, and the expedition proceeded on its way.

the highest point of its destination up the river, and then, on its return, left it at Fort Atkinson.

Among those who joined their company was an Indian with his squaw, evidently on their bridal trip. Their attentions to each other are thus described: "Our Indian, who rejoiced in the title of the Son of the Pipe, was unremitting in his attentions to his little squaw, and never was lover more devoted to his fair mis

bird. Their favorite haunt was in the shade of the pilot's house; here they enjoyed themselves to their heart's content, and derived inexhaustible amusement from painting their swarthy countenances with vermillion, in all the variations their vivid imaginations could devise. After one coat of paint had been laid on, they would mutually admire each other; then, upon due deliberation, would rub it off and try another."

The narrative continues: "Early in the morning of the 19th of June, we arrived at the village of the Riecarees. Unlike the Sioux, who are always roaming, the Rees have a per-tress than was this dusky warrior to his prairie manent settlement, which they occupy during the spring and summer, moving away in the fall to some well-timbered point where there are good indications of game and abundance of grass for their horses. Here, securely sheltered from the fierce wintry winds, they devote themselves to the chase, dressing furs, and drying meat to serve them when hunting becomes dangerous and difficult from the breaking up of the rivers and the forays of their enemies. They cultivate large fields of corn, and also Continuing their course up the Missouri, pumpkins and squashes, which agreeably vary they passed the mouth of the Yellow Stone, their diet of buffalo meat. These summer" its largest tributary," and whose waters flow ludges are large and covered with dirt, forming through the finest hunting-grounds of the west. a great contrast to the white conical ones of the One of the branches of the Yellow Stone is the Stoux." Powder River, on the head waters of which is The Riccarees are described as savage look-situated Fort Phil. Kearney, celebrated as the ing Indians with villainous countenances, which in many cases were disfigured by the loss of an ese, either from accident or disease. Sore and inflamed eyes are very common among them, owing to their filthy habits and smoky lodges. Out on the prairie, beyond the village, were circles of human skulls, with two medicine poles in the centre of each, bearing propitiatory offerings to the Great Spirit. The dead, dressed in their best garments, are laid on scaffolds in the open air, and after they decay and fall to pieces, the skulls are arranged in circles, the bones collected and buried, and the mounds surmounted with a buffalo skull.

scene of one of the late Indian massacres. The encroachment of the whites on the Indian. hunting grounds in the Powder River country was one of the grievances which led to the recent hostilities.

Six miles above the mouth of the Yellow Stone, the steamer reached Fort Union, one of the principal trading posts of the American Fur Company. From this point were annually dispatched the trading outfits for the Crow Indians on the Yellow Stone, and the Blackfeet on the head waters of the Missouri.

The goods intended for Fort Campbell, the Blackfeet post, were transported in Mackinaw A council was held with these people, who, boats a distance by water of not less than 700 through their principal speaker, refused, for a miles. "These boats had to be cordelled or long time, to receive their annuities,-the cause drawn by men the entire distance, and the toils of their refusal is not stated; but at length and difficulties of the undertaking can only be their necessities, and the tempting display of appreciated by those who have experienced presents, induced them to accept the goods, them. The men chiefly employed by the fur which were put on shore, and the expedition companies were French Canadians, tough, resumed its route. hardy fellows, who assimilate readily to the They soon reached the village of the "Min-mode of life they are compelled to adopt in the netarees, or, as they are commonly called, but Indian country." without the slightest reason, Gros Ventres." The lodges were precisely like those of the Riccarees, and the village was built upon a commanding bluff, surrounded by a fine expanse of prairie, while the windings of the Mis souri could be traced for many miles. Near this village was the trading post, Fort Atkin son, where the narrator, H. A. Boller, made his home for some years. He continued with the (spedition, however, until the steamer reached

"There are yet voyagers living who have been on the cordelle from Independence, Missouri, to Fort Benton, a distance of nearly 3,000 miles. The most incessant aud persevering toil was necessary to stem the turbulent current, and the hardy voyagers never hesitated for a moment to plunge into the water, reckless of heat or cold, when the shifting channel made it necessary to cross from point to point."

The introduction of steamboats on the west