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of milk and water. A method sometimes employed for detecting the fraud-perhaps it may be useful now-was to drop a little milk on the thumb nail; if the milk was pure it would remain in its place; if not, it would flow away. These are only a few points in the rural life of the Greek farmer; sufficient, perhaps, to show the homely side of the life of Greece, or, at any rate, to open a glance into its labors, resources and joys, behind the splendid scenes that fill the theatre of history.-Exchange Puper.

Selected.

PUTTING OFF THE OLd man.

One of the surest signs by which we may know that the Spirit of God is striving with us, is our beginning to recognize our own sins and defects, so that they become a cause of grief to us. A good man one day in the presence of his wife gave expression to his fear that the Spirit of God would have nothing to do with him. "I have been reading the Gospel," he said, "and praying and meditating upon the things of God, during the last six months; but instead of getting better I am getting worse. Every day I am conscious of new sins and impurities which I never discovered before, and which cause me a great deal of sorrow and anxiety. I am of opinion that if God's Spirit were working in me, I should see my holiness increase and not my sins."

as you were dead to God and living only for yourself. But since the new man was born in you through the Holy Spirit, that old dress has become too tight for you and it makes your soul ache. This shows, my dear, that there is new life within you; and the best counsel I can give you is that which the Apostle gives to all who are in Christ: Put off the old man, which is corrupt according to the deceitful lusts, and put on the new man, which, after God, is created in righteousness and true holiness.'

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LABOR-SAVING AMONG THE INDIANS.

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The Indians, left to themselves, have no resources for food or clothing except the game and fish they take and the little patches of corn or potatoes they cultivate. For tilling the ground, they have only sticks for implements. For taking game and fish they have wooden bows and arrows and wooden spears pointed with stone or shell. Their only clothing is the skins of animals which they thus procure. secure so much food and clothing as are required to sustain life needs great labor and intense eagerness of pursuit. Give the Indian a gun and ammunition, a few fish-hooks and knives, an axe and a spade, and he sees the labor of living reduced more than one-half. Leave him without any other cultivation, by which his scale of life may be raised, and his wants greatly enlarged, and he has no motive except to enjoy in idleness the respite from toil which is conferred by his newly found labor-saving instruments.

Whereupon his good and well-instructed wife answered: "My dear husband, you will never be able to see your holiness increase except This is just the condition of the Indians on by seeing your sins more clearly than you did the great central plains. Our government makes before. Your case is very like that of our John- treaties with the Indian tribes and gives them ny, when he was recovering from his dangerous largesses, for the twofold object of promoting and lengthened illness. You know how ema- their welfare and securing their friendship for ciated he was when he left his bed for the first our citizens. The Indians have found that with time. He was afraid he would never get strong the money they receive from the government again. 'Oh, mother,' he would often say to me, I they can buy colored cottons, gay blankets and shall always remain a thin, weakly boy! No, shining trinkets, and especially plenty of whis no, Johnny,' I would answer; 'you are grow-key and gunpowder. ing stouter every day, and you will soon be as well as ever.' 'But I cannot feel I am growing,' he would answer. Well, my dear,' I would say, one cannot feel it, but it is none the less true. Other people can see it.'

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But as the advance of civilization converts the plains into a thoroughfare of travel, the buffaloes disappear, the product of the government donation of ten or twenty or fifty dollars is soon wasted, and then the Indian finds his gun and ammunition capable of being converted into a labor saving machine of a still more productive nature. That is, by attacking the trains of emigrants, or the caravans of merchandise, or the mail stage, he can secure in an hour a supply of horses, cloths, flour, sugar, and perhaps whiskey enough for a long carouse.

That this method of labor-saving involves the killing of a number of persons is a consideration of small weight with the Indians. White people are his enemies, who are encroaching on his hunting grounds, and rapidly exterminating his race; and the chance to make something by killing them is an additional satisfaction to him.

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Our whole policy of largesses to the Indians | the adoption of civilized habits by the offer of is bad in principle and worse in practice. It the privileges of equal citizenship, the cost of does the Indians no permanent good, while it Indian wars in blood and treasure might aggravates their greed, exasperates them by its have been mostly saved. But by recognising unequal distribution, and infames their pride their tribes by erecting each little body, that is by making them think that our very gifts are to say, into a separate state, while denying all a confession of our fears and of their superiori- personal rights to individuals, a false pride of ty. We have bound ourselves by perpetual nationality has been prolonged, and a spirit cultreaties to continue these gifts. We find a par- tivated among them which nothing but extertial statement to this effect: mination could subdue.

"The finance report for 1866 reports that If even now the older states, in which a few the Arapahoes and Cheyennes of Upper Ar- nominal tribes still exist, would abandon the kansas River are to receive, in addition to the tribal policy and give to the individuals the old instalment of nearly $10,000 per annum, rights of citizenship, the newer states would fol 'forty instalments, being an amount equal to low, and then the national government would $20 per capita for 2,800 persons,' or $56,000 adopt a similar policy, by incorporating all the per annum, for forty years, amounting in the Indians under the jurisdiction of the territorial aggregate to $2,224,000. The Apaches, num-governments, and securing to them, as fast as bering 800 persons, are to receive a smaller sum for a similar period. The Camanches and Kiowas are to receive $10 per capita for 4,000 persons for forty years, or in all $1,600,000 The different bands of Sioux with whom treaties were made in 1865 are to receive $76,400 per annum for a period of twenty years."

Most of these Indians are constantly commit ting depredations, which we call acts of war, against our citizens. The officers sent to defend our people and chastise the Indians find that the tribes keep themselves supplied with guns and ammunition by means of the government money, and buy them of the traders whom the government permits to go among them to sell such goods as they require. We furnish them the labor-saving machines which they use so diligently to increase their means of subsistence by the robbery and murder of our people.

It is now proposed to put the Bureau of Indian Affairs under the control of the War Department, so that military officers-Indian-killers-may regulate the distribution of our yearly tribute. If they forbid the sale of guns and ammunition, the Indians will perish, for the present race are no longer able to live by hunting with bow and arrow. Whether a supply of arms is likely to be kept from them, or any greater security given to our necessary travel across the plains under the severer discipline of military rule, we will not undertake to predict. It was not referred to us by the Supreme Ruler to decide whether there should be Indians, but only how we should deal with them. For this alone he holds us responsible.

It is humiliating to think that Anglo-Saxon agacity has so utterly failed, both in America and on the other continents, of adopting any means of protection against the aborigines but that of brutal extermination-for it comes to just that. If our colonial, national and state governments had from the beginning pursued the policy of absorption, recognising the tribes as only aliens, and urging upon the individuals

they will consent to an industrious life and a fixed residence, the same rights of citizenship and the same protection of the law which are possessed by white citizens.

Then some good can be accomplished by the largesses. Then the means of education and the other appliances of civilization will produce proper effects. Then the Indian will learn to value other labor-savers besides the gun and the clasp-knife. The tribes may disappear even more rapidly than they do now; but they will go where the Picts have gone, and the Allobroges, and the Ditmarshers, and other aboriginal tribes, whose names remain in history and whose posterity make up the race of Anglo-Saxons. They will go to swell the citizenship of the Republic of the Future, and becoming American citizens, will never regret that they are no longer Camanches or Arapahoes, Mohawks or Sious.

THE REVELATIONS OF SCIENCE MORE WONDER

FUL THAN FICTION.

If men can love fiction, they can love scienco better. Men love fiction because they love wonder and excitement; but nothing is more true than that truth is more wonderful than fiction. No invention of the imagination is so exciting as the revelations of science, provided only that the faculties which comprehend the latter are as much developed as those which comprehend the former. Amid the marvels which science is yet to unfold, the wonders of Aladdin's lamp will lose their splendor, and posterity will look back upon those whose imagination could be satisfied with the "Arabian Nights," or stories of fairyland, with as much pity as we look upon the savage whose highest idea of regal adornment can be satisfied with beads of glass and jewelry of tin. The tricks of the juggler, the craft of the sorcerer and the magician, will die out; for the lovers of wonder will seek for the exhilarations of novelty and amazement in the laboratory of the chemist and in the lecture

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room of the philosopher, where nature, inspired | suance of the investigation recently ordered. The District of Columbia was passed. A resolution was by God, works miracles with fire and water, with resolution in regard to educational interests in the attraction and repulsion, with light and light-adopted requesting the Judiciary Committee to rening, at once kindling devotion and dispensing knowledge.-Horace Mann.

INCULCATE JUST VIEWS OF GOD.

The Golden Rule, of doing unto others as we would have them do to us, covers a large and important part of our duty to our fellow-men, and he who does his duty to and loves his broth er whom he has seen is most likely to love God whom he has not seen. But in order to induce a child, as well as an adult, to love God whom ho has not seen and cannot see, his character and attributes should be represented to the child in such a manner as to develop in him love and gratitude, rather than fear and dread. Show him his Heavenly Father in such colors that his instinctive sense of justice and mercy shall not be outraged. "There is no fear in love, but perfect love casteth out fear, because fear hath torment." In teaching a child the fear of God, it should not therefore be such a fear as was taught me, a fear that "hath torment," but such as an affectionate child would feel when tempted to do what his conscience told him would be offensive to a kind, loving and beloved When a frightful being is set earthly father. before the susceptible mind of a child, whether he be called God or Lucifer, he will be feared, and when a lovable being is set before the child, he will be loved, whatever may be the name by which he is called. But in telling a child of his Heavenly Father, do not describe a being with a character that the child would be unable to love in an earthly father.-Christian Register.

ITEMS.

ELISEUS.

RUSSIAN AMERICA.-A treaty has been formed and Went to the Senate, by which Russia surrenders to the United States its sovereignity over all Russian America, and the adjacent islands. The price to be paid for this territory is about $7,000,000. The territory covers 394,000 square miles, and nearly, but not entirely, excludes British America from the Pacific Ocean. Its chief value consists in its fisherThe treaty was signed to-day and sent to the Senate shortly afterwards.

ies and its fur trade.

port on the impeachment resolution in print, on the first day of the adjourned session. Also, the resolution for the distribution of seeds in the South. In accordance with the concurrent resolution of both Houses, Congress, on the 30th ult., adjourned until the first Fourth-day of Seventh mouth next.

In accordance with a proclamation from the President of the United States convening the executive session, the Senate reassembled on the 12th inst. difficulties arise from questions about Iudian land. By the latest intelligence it appears that settlers are rushing upon and taking possession of the Indian reserve lands in Kansas. The Government of the United States, or rather the Indian Bureau, invited presentatives of these tribes are, or have been, at the Kansas Indians to Washington this winter. Rethe Capitol on such invitation. The reserves there, held mostly by patent from the United States, were guaranteed as perpetual homes, being bought for the price of far greater quantities of land elsedians to sell these lands and purchase fresh tracta where. The present purpose was to induce the Inin the Indian Territory, south of Kansas, where there is to be a community of civilized Indians. No sooner is the intelligence sent West that such treaties are pending than a horde of settlers, or rather of dealers in pre-emption rights, rush on these lands and take possession. When the Indians get home, should the treaties not be ratified, and it is doubtful, they are doomed to find their people turned out of house and home, and forbidden to cut their own

INDIAN LANDS.-In nine cases out of ten, Indian

timber.

Last year the Government compelled a sale of the Cherokee Neutral Lands in Kansas. Secretary Harlan attempted to sell them for $800,000. The sale was not made. The Cherokees have sold them for $1,000,000, on much better terms as to payintruded on them, and are cutting and selling the ment. Meanwhile several thousands of persons have timber. Some members of the Senate demur to

this just sale for fear that it may interfere with the
rights of settlers. By the treaty the settlers get the
lands they occupy at a fair appraisement. These
lands were conveyed by the United States in fee
simple, and have cost the owners $1,400,000. To
postpone a just sale, leaving the intruders in pos-
session, is a gross wrong to the holders. So far as
settling on the public lands of the United States is
concerned, we are glad to see it; but just so long
as the Government encourages such gross invasions
vaded.-Late paper.
of individual rights, so long will they be grossly in-

THE FREEDMEN.-Wm. F. Mitchell, in his report CONGRESS.-Among others, the following bills and men's Schools have had in determining the moral resolutions were passed in the Senate. A bill fixing for the 3d month, says: "The influence which Freed'the first of Sixth month as the time at which the status of the colored peopie will probably never be bankrupt bill shall go into effect; a bill to establish known; but it has been immense. I hazard nothing a port of delivery at Chester; a joint resolution, de-in saying that the action of such Southern legisla claring that the proposed establishment of the Ca-tures as have recognized the claims of the freed nadian Confederation cannot be regarded by the people of this country without extreme solicitude, was passed; a resolution expressing sympathy for the Fenians in Ireland and the Cretans; and a joint resolution, transferring fifty thousand dollars from the Freedmen's Bureau to the Agricultural Department, for the purchase of seeds, to be distributed in the rebel States.

In the House, the Committee on Indian Affairs was authorized to visit the Indian Territory in pu:

people, has been largely influenced by the general good character of the latter; and this is due in a great measure to the line upon line' counsels of their teachers."

The Maryland and Delaware Legislatures have both adjourned. The former failed to pass the bill admitting the testimony of blacks in the courts of the State on an equal footing with that of the whites. The latter equalized by law the punishment of offences, without regard to the color of the criminal.

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FRIENDS' INTELLIGENCER.

"TAKE FAST HOLD OF INSTRUCTION; LET HER NOT GO; KEEP HER; FOR SHE IS THY LIFE."

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EMMOR COMLY, AGENT,

At Publication Office, No. 144 North Seventh Street,
Open from 9 A.M. until 5 P.M.

Residence, 809 North Seventeenth Street.

TERMS: PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. The Paper is issued every Seventh-day, at Three Dollars per sauum. $2.50 for Clubs; or, four copies for $10.

Age its for Clubs will be expected to pay for the entire Club.
The Postage on this paper, paid in advance at the office where
is received, in any part of the United States, is 20 cents a year.
AGENTS-Joseph S. Cohu, New York.

Henry Haydock, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Benj Stratton, Richmond, Ind.

William H. Churchman, Indianapolis, Ind.
James Baynes, Ballimore, Md.

REVIEW OF THE LIFE AND DISCOURSES OF
F. W. ROBERTSON.
BY SAMUEL M. JANNEY.
(Continued from page 66.)

In order to understand fully the position occupied by our author in the religious movements of his day, a brief sketch of his life and character is deemed appropriate.

Frederick William Robertson was born in London in the year 1816. His grandfather was a Scotchman who was engaged in this country as an officer in the service of Great Britain. His father was a captain of artillery, and three of his brothers served in the army. Having sprung from a military ancestry, it is not surprising that he imbibed a martial spirit, and that he evinced, in early life, a predilection for the profession of arms. In this respect he may be compared to Wm. Penn, who, in early manhood, aspired to a captaincy, but was led by Divine Providence to engage in that nobler eonflict-the Lamb's warfare against all evil.

CONTENTS.

Review of the Life and Discourses of F. W. Robertson........ 81
Selections from the Writings of John Barclay...
Letters from Sarah G. Rich.......

Be Faithful in Little Things.....

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to parental authority, he conceived that he was obeying the divine law, and he determined to devote himself sincerely and carnestly to the work that had been chosen for him.

This is, obviously, a very inadequate ground on which to base a call to become a teacher of Christian truth, and doubtless has in very many cases led to a formal and lifeless ministry that could not profit the hearers. It appears, however, to have been the turning point of his life; and being sincere in his efforts to do the divine will, so far as he saw it, he was blessed with an increase of light, which enabled him to obtain clearer views of spiritual religion than these inculcated by his teachers.

The High Church party was then in the ascendency at Oxford, and ritualism was advocated by some of the ablest professors; but Robertson, after patient investigation, became satisfied that it had neither warrant from scriptural authority nor efficacy in promoting the growth of genuine religion. His views at that time were those of the Evangelical school, with a decided leaning to moderate Calvinism, but mingled with charity and toleration.

In the early life of Robertson there appears to have been a singular blending of earnest piety and enthusiastic admiration of the military After completing his studies, he began his profession. In accordance with his wishes, a ministerial career at Winchester in a poor parcommission in the cavalry service was solicited ish where there was much immorality and ignofor him, which, after long delay, was granted; rance, the result of neglect on the part of those bat, happily, it came too late. He had already, whose position in society gave them the power at his father's request, entered as a student at to mitigate these evils. The young minister Oxford, to prepare himself for the pulpit. In went earnestly to work, his labors being esthus sacrificing his own inclination by yielding pecially directed to the instruction of the

poor, who found in him a steady friend and counsellor.

At this time be endeavored to overcome the temptations that assailed him by a life of labor and austerity. "He restricted himself to all but necessary expenses, and spent the rest of his income on the poor. He adopted a system of restraint in food and sleep. For nearly a year he almost altogether refrained from meat He complled himself to rise early." "Thus," says his biographer, "he passed through the domain of the law before he entered on the freer region of the gospel." His motto always was-"If any man will follow me, he must deny himself, and take up his cross daily."

His health having declined, he resigned his curacy at Winchester, and travelled on the continent. While invigorating his frame by exercise in Switzerland, where the grand and beautiful scenery restored the buoyancy of his spirits, he met in that country an English lady to whom he became soon after united in mar riage. On returning to England he accepted a curacy at Cheltenham, where he remained four years. It was there he was led to review his religious opinions. The professors of religion were excited by an earnest controversy between the Evangelical or Low church party and the Puseyites, who were called Tractarians, on account of a series of tracts they issued. To hold certain doctrinal views, or to be engaged in certain ceremonial observances, was accounted by the respective parties the test of orthodoxy. Practical piety and Christian charity were little regarded, and the essence of true religion had evaporated in the heat of disputation.

conflict in his own mind that ensued during this state of transition from the religion of his education to the clearer views that began to dawn upon his mind, was so excruciating that his health gave way, and he again resigned his position.

In order to recruit his health he re-visited Switzerland, and found great benefit from its pure air and majestic scenery. He then went to Germany, where, for a time, he was deeply engaged in investigating the religious writings of that indefatigable people. On his return to England the Bishop of Oxford offered him the charge of a congregation in that city, where he preached two months, and then received an invitation to become the rector of Trinity Chapel, Brighton, which, in acccordance with the Bishop's advice, he accepted.

In that fashionable watering place, situated on the English Channel, and surrounded by delightful scenery, there was much to cheer and invigorate the mind. Here a wide field was open for religious labor, among a population where the two extremes of society met, the upper class consisting of the English aristocracy, among whom were many cultivated minds, and the less privileged class consisting of tradesmen, laboring men, and servauts.

He found the congregation assembled in his chapel was chiefly composed of trademen, but in a very short time all classes, from the highest to the lowest, began to flock thither, attracted by his earnest, fervid eloquence, and his lucid expositions of Holy writ. Thoughtful, eager minded men were delighted, and while the learned were instructed, the laboring classes hung with reverence on the accents of one whose sympathy and love were so manifest in his teaching and in his life.

The truthful and tolerant character of Robertson made him recoil from the spirit that was manifested in the professedly religious circles with which he mingled. Writing to a friend In his ministry he took independent ground, he said "I think Doctor Pusey's doctrine on uttering with earnestness and reverence his rethe Eucharist just as dangerous, but much ligious convictions, which, on several important more incredible than transubstantiation." "As points, were not in accordance with the popular to the state of the Evangelical clergy, I think it theology. In the course of six months, says lamentable. I see sentiment instead of princi- his biographer, he "had put himself into oppople, and a miserable mawkish religion super- sition with the whole accredited theological seding a state which was once healthy. Their world at Brighton, on the questions of the Sabadherents I love less than themselves, for they bath, the Atonement, Inspiration, and Baptism. are but the copies of their faults in larger The results were sad and dreary for him. His edition. Like yourself, I stand nearly alone, a words were garbled; passages from his sermons, theological Ishmael. The Tractarians despise divorced from their context, were quoted me, and the Evangelicals somewhat loudly ex-against him. Persons who could not understand press doubts of me.'

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Having no sympathy with either of these parties, he was led to an examination of the ground he occupied, and soon began to entertain doubts concerning some of the theological views he had held. It became painful to him to preach, because his religious convictions were unsettled. He was regarded as belonging to the Evangelical school, and began to feel that his position was a false one. The painful

him came to hear him, and look at him as a strange phenomenon; he became the common talk of all the theological tea-tables of the town. People were solemnly warned against him; those who knew little of his doctrines, and less of himself, attacked him openly, with an apparently motiveless bitterness. He had dared to be different from the rest of the world, and that in itself was revolutionary."

One of the objections uged against him by

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