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ranks. Every one expressed his feelings in his own way: the innkeepers refused his money, and the postmasters furnished him with their best horses. No sooner did he stop in any place than he was surrounded with crowds eager to see and applaud him. With his accustomed modesty, he ascribed all these marks of esteem, not to himself, but to the detestation of Bonaparte. A great deal of conversation is said to have passed between the travellers, but scarcely any part of it is preserved. That which is, rather surprises us. It seems, one of Moreau's two favourite heroes was Charles XII.; a choice not easily to be anticipated or explained. The other was Frederick II. The injudicious narrator takes this occasion of recording a violent invective against Bonaparte, pronounced by Moreau, as a contrast with the two heroes just mentioned. We say record; but it is very difficult to believe that the following matter came really from that great man. speaking of Frederick II. "Celui-la," disait-il, "n'a jamais aban

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donné son armée au milieu des combats. Ses victoires étaient le fruit des plus hautes combinaisons, secondées du coup-d'œil le plus juste, de plus rare sang-froid, et d'un courage tel qu'il convient aux souverains d'en montrer. La tactique furibonde de Bonaparte a entièrement bouleversé l'art de la guerre ; les batailles ne sont plus que des boucheries; ce n'est pas comme autrefois en épargnant le sang des soldats qu'on détermine le succés d'une. campagne, mais bien en le faisant couler à grands flots. Napoléon n'a gagné ses victoires qu'à coups d'hommes."-(P. 36, 37.) Surely he could not have chosen so unfortunate a topic as the first which is here introduced, when he must have known that Frederick actually run away from the first battle he was ever in; nor the last, when he makes Charles XII. one of his chosen heroes. It is impossible to detest Bonaparte more than we do, as a tyrant and a man utterly regardless of the blood he sheds; but in this respect, he resembles other heroes; and certainly Charles XII. was not sparing of his people.

At Berlin the same joy is shown as everywhere else; and, after a few hours' stay, the general proceeds on his journey. He meets many deserters from the French army-but only one who had served under him; and the author makes him say that the greater part of the veterans who had served under Moreau in the campaigns on the Rhine, had perished in the retreat from Russia, and the rest diminished in numbers daily, from the necessity of exposing them to support the raw troops. Is it, then, intended that we should believe that the veterans of 1795, or even 1800, (the last campaign of Moreau,) were left in any considerable numbers as late as 1812, nay, some as late as the present campaign? Who, then, fought all the battles in Spain, and the campaigns of 1805, 1806, 1807, and 1809, in Germany and Poland? The mere

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lapse of time would have accounted for most of them; but when the events too are considered, we can surely only ascribe it to the author's determination to destroy them in Russia, not that any of them should be imagined to have survived in a state fit for service. The same deserter being asked why he deserted, made answer, that there was no longer any pleasure in serving with the French armies, because they were full of children who would not fight except when their ears were deafened with artillery.

Moreau meets on the road a detachment of Russian artillery, which he admires exceedingly; and of this we can have no doubt;-but we greatly doubt if he expressed his admiration in such terms as he is here made to do. "It is thus that the thunders of war should be borne; the appearance of your artillery explains to me its superiority in the last campaigns:" An observation, by the way, somewhat unlucky, and leading one to suspect that it is not Moreau's ;-for though Mr. Suinine is too good a Russian to know that the battles of Lutzen and Bautzen were gained by the French, and chiefly by artillery, we guess General Moreau could not have been ignorant of the fact. Flattery is not quite so easy a trade as is sometimes supposed; they who practise it ought, according to the tenor of an ancient adage, to have good memories.

At length the general arrives at Prague, then the headquarters of the allies; and his reception by their majesties is kind and friendly in the highest degree. The Emperor Alexander appears to have demeaned himself with the plain and simple frankness which so eminently distinguishes him; he came to his lodgings between eight and nine in the morning, before Moreau could get out to call upon his majesty, and remained two hours in conversation with him. The effects of imperial condescension are certainly very considerable, and often work strange emotions in the greatest minds. It would argue, therefore, too much presumption, wholly to disbelieve that even Moreau should have been so much affected as our author describes him. But we venture to doubt his having given vent to his feelings in the terms lent him by this loyal Russian." He came to me," says M. Suinine, "with tears in his eyes, and with a faltering voice exclaimed, Ah! mon cher S.... quel homme que l'empereur! dès ce moment j'ai contracté l'obligation de sacrifier ma vie pour lui. Il n'est personne qui ne se fasse tuer pour le servir. Que tous les rapports flatteurs que j'avais entendus sur son compte, que toutes les idées avantageuses que je m'étais faites de lui, sont au-dessous de cet ange de bonté!"

From the emperor we are taken to " their imperial highnesses the Grand Duchesses of Weimar and Oldenburgh, whose talents, information and manners enchanted the general." He then saw

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the generals and ministers. The day after he was presented to the Emperor of Austria, who very politely" returned him thanks for the moderation and gentleness which he had on all occasions shown in his campaigns on the Rhine, adding, that his sonal character had greatly contributed to diminish the evils of War." Afterwards the Emperor of Russia brought the King of Prussia, and presented him to Moreau, in these words: "Genera Moreau, S. M. le Roi de Prusse." All this kindness we consider as the height of wisdom and goodness on the part of such personages; for undoubtedly it is much more rare to find sovereigns laying aside their rank and dignity, and treating a truly great man as their superior, than to see them taking strong cities, and performing the other feats of what is usually called greatness. This conduct does not seem to have been thrown away upon Moreau; but M. Suinine must always give us his words. Thus, he says, that hearing one of the generals call the Emperor Alexander" the best of princes," he replied, eagerly, "Comment, Monsieur? Dites le meilleur des hommes!" He also said, that in speaking of military matters, the emperor's "observations were so just, and his commentaries so profound," that " he could fancy himself conversing with the most experienced general." And, after more praises, he added, that " the only fault which his majesty had to diminish all these perfections, was an excess of modesty." "I professait aussi la plus haute admiration pour la grande Duchesse d'Oldenbourg. C'est, disait-il, la Grande Catherine elle-meme," &c. One feels somewhat anxious under this compliment, touching the state of health of his Serene Highness the Grand Duke of Oldenburgh. The two grand duchesses express the utmost curiosity to learn from our author, "jusques dans ses moindres details sa manière de vivre au nouveau monde."

From Prague the general proceeded with the emperor to Dresden, where the fatal event happened which even those who are compelled to lament his joining the enemies of his country, cannot fail to deplore. The eternal flattery of the author even follows him here. He makes Moreau's first words, on being wounded, to be," Je suis perdu, mais il est si doux de mourir pour une si belle cause, et sous les yeux d'un aussi grand prince." However, he describes very well the affliction produced all over the armies by this catastrophe; the tears moistening cheeks furrowed with scars, and the sinking of the most courageous minds under so severe a shock. It is quite superfluous to add, that nothing could exceed the calmness with which the general bore the amputation of both legs, and the operation, if possible, yet more dreadful, of being carried for many leagues of the most frightful mountain roads, in the worst weather, and with a retreating army. Indeed, the slender hopes entertained of his recovery, rested wholly on his immovable constancy of

mind, and the excellent habit of body, derived in all probability from nature, but maintained or improved by that habitual temperance which virtuous and contemplative men delight in, as soon as the first heats of youth have boiled over.

Even on this dreadful journey M. Suinine will not leave the dying warrior alone; he must make him say, when he heard the news of Ostermann's victory, "qu'on devait attrendre les plus grandes choses des meilleures troupes du monde." But this is not the only plague which he was destined to endure; a very singular trait follows. He had, contrary to the advice of his attendants, insisted on writing the letter to Madame Moreau, so much celebrated; and being exhausted by the effort, they all kept away from him that he might not be induced to talk in a crisis so infinitely hazardous. "We were desirous," says M. Suinine, very naturally, "of excluding every person from his chamber; nevertheless we could not refuse his royal highness the Duke of Cumberland, who remained about a quarter of an hour with him." We really believe this intrusion of princely importunity is unexampled; and can by no means bring ourselves to believe that the circumstance has been accurately reported by this Russian blunderer. We have seen how those truly magnanimous princes, the allied chiefs, treated the great man-assuming no superiority from their exalted rank, but rather paying their court to Moreau; and then, we are told, comes a person, utterly without importance, only known as a man of high rank;-and presuming on this rank, (of which let us hope he means one day to be the ornament,) thrusts himself into the general's sick chamber, at a moment when his attendants deem his life to depend on perfect quiet! It is impossible to speak temperately on such an exhibition;-as Englishmen, it is impossible not to feel the difference in the demeanour of the princes. But what passed, according to this suspicious narrative? truly a strange colloquy. The duke,who now for the first time saw him, said," he was very happy to make his acquaintance; but that his happiness would have been still greater if he had made it on the field of battle!" Then why did he not? What prevented his royal highness? The Emperor of Russia was close to Moreau when he was shot. The other sovereigns of all ranks had been on the same field of carnage. Not one of them had deemed it beneath his dignity to share in the uttermost dangers of the campaign. Where was the English prince the while? Did he not deign to show himself on this scene of blood and of honour? Possibly he was otherwise engaged-employed in some mission of importance; for he certainly had no military -functions. But we had ambassadors too, of all ranks, in those great fights the glories of which seemed so tempting, that no one could resist joining in the fray, or content him with a distant

view? Had we not the gallant Stewart wounded in that very field? Was not Lord Cathcart constantly present, and in the midst of the fire? Was Sir Robert Wilson ever to seek where the work of death was doing? But if either his occupations or his exalted station prevented him from being on the field of battle with the vulgar herd, why regret not having there met Moreau? Above all, why start up all of a sudden, never having before been heard of, and force his way into the great man's sick chamber " to make his acquaintance," and talk to him of fields of battle? The whole story, we repeat, is incredible; though the sequel is imagined with a sufficient air of probability. The general, apparently, not aware of the extreme dignity of the personage from whom he was fated to receive this visit, said, "that it was very probable they might meet in the field in six weeks." The narrator exclaims that he was the only person who had any such idea, because others then gave him over: but he does not appear to doubt the fulfilment of the prediction had he lived, nor to question the readiness of the duke to stoop to the low amusement of lounging or poking about among bullets and bayonets. This extreme reserve, and withdrawing loftiness of his royal highness, which appear never for a moment to have bent to the plebeian occupations of war, that engrossed the whole time of the allied sovereigns-has been singularly enough rewarded by an appointment, of a military -and not of a spiritual nature, as had naturally been expectedmore especially when his royal highness, in a contemplative mood, seized on the bishoprick of Hildesheim. The prince regent, in the name and on the behalf of his majesty, one of the bravest of men, has been pleased to send to the duke a field marshal's baton; being the one granted immediately after Lord Wellington's.-But to

return.

As the life of Moreau draws nearer a close, M. Suinine hastens to crowd his narrative with stronger and stronger specimens of flattery towards his court. Not content with making the general express, "avec une chaleur étonnante"-his delight at Vandamme's capture in these words, "Il est bien temps que ce monstre soit mis hors d'etat de faire du mal!" he adds, that an act of rigour on the part of the Grand Duke Constantine gave him "le plus grand plaisir." The Emperor Alexander, it seems, had, by an "excess of kindness," allowed Vandamme to retain his sword; but this was speedily redressed by the grand duke, who answered the complaints of the prisoner at being publicly exposed to the insults of the populace, by observing, that the worst treatment would be generosity towards such a wretch. This anecdote of his imperial highness, it seems, gave Moreau, then on his deathbed, the utmost satisfaction. The moment of his decease now drew onapace; he had been seized with the hiccough and vomiting. During the night, he was restless, though without much pain. He

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