cannot be a witness."

"Heretico non est solvendum, &c. A heretic should not be paid what is due to him, on a promise even with an oath." Pag. 168. "Papam posse, &c. The pope can make new articles of faith, and appoint how they shall be understood. The definitions of popes and councils are articles of faith."

Pag. 173. "Omnibus est prohibitum, &c. All persons are forbidden to show any kindness to heretics."

Pag. 174. "Papam jura, &c. Positive laws do not bind the pope." Pag. 176. "Rebelles ecclesiæ, &c. Rebels against the church may be attacked, and their property seized."

Pag. 212. "Heretici inquirendi, &c. Heretics must be sought after, and corrected, or exterminated."

Pag. 318. "Hereticus in jure, &c. Every excommunicated person by right is a heretic." Who is a heretic? Pag. 318. Dicitur Hereticus, &c. He is a heretic who opposes the Roman church and takes away its dignity; or who thinks differently from the Roman church concerning any article of faith."

Pag. 675. An subditis sint absoluti, &c. Are persons bound to others who fall into heresy, released from their fidelity? They are totally absolved."

Pag. 686. Quest. 131. "An Extravagantes, &c. Are the Extravagants published in favour of the Roman faith and of the Inquisition to be observed? They are to be kept."

DIRECT. INQUIS. Literæ Apostol. pag. 12. Innocent IV. Papa. "Inquisitores compellere possunt, &c. Inquisitors may compel all secular magistrates to swear that they will keep the laws enacted against heretics."

Pius II. Papa. Bulla, anno 1463. "Romani pontificis, &c. The power of the Roman pontiff is from God." "Petrus et successores ejus, &c. Peter and his successors hold the primacy of the Roman popedom in the church; and we possess it, **** the supreme power, immediately from God." But Pius had written very powerfully against this doctrine before he was pope-he therefore adds, "Reject what Æneas wrote, but receive what Pius the pope commands."

The Directorium Inquisitorum contains one hundred and twentyfour papal bulls upon the subject of the Inquisition; in addition to a full commentary upon the body of the canon laws and the other extravagants.

The extravagants were the decretals of the popes and councils, and of the civil powers, at the instigation of the Roman ecclesiastics. They were thus denominated, because as they were issued only when the supposed exigency required, these bulls, decrees, canons, &c. remained during a long time separate from the main code of the civil law, which had been collected into a volume by the order of Justinian in the sixth century. These occasional mandates were therefore pronounced to be extra vagantes, wanderers without the principal book, although they gradually became the supreme directory of all the principles and observances of the papal hierarchy, and have long constituted the fundamental regulations of the pontifical governments.

Persecution has been the chief attribute of the Roman court, in every age, during the last thousand years. Since they obtained temporal power with the ecclesiastical supremacy, they have evinced

a resolute and unchangeable determination to extirpate all heretics; as they pronounce those persons who refuse to submit to their unchristian despotism; and to achieve this object, all the decretals and extravagants concerning heretics were successively issued.

It must also be especially remembered, that all the papal extravagants, and other laws against those who denied the papal authority, are commanded, by the popes, to be inviolably observed; that they all have been regularly ratified; and that those decretals are not abrogated, either by disuse, through want of power to administer them¡ or by any lapse of time, however protracted the duration, since they were regularly enforced. The jurisdiction and right of the Romish prelates and inquisitors to imprison and torture, and confiscate and condemn, and murder all their opponents, are only suspended, but not abolished; because the pretended infallible tribunal of Rome has decided that they always shall be valid. All the enactments of every council, whether provincial, or national, or general, if their acts were subservient to the Roman court, ever have the force of law, when circumstances permit them successfully to exercise the power. The approved customs of any one office of the Inquisition may legitimately be adopted by all. Private inquisitors also may, with impunity, copy the methods adopted by the regular Roman Inquisition. And to cement and crown the whole course of iniquitous proceedings, the Council of Trent, Popes Pius IV., Pius V., and Gregory IX, have decided, with all their assumed infallible authority, that the extravagants are the Roman common law on this topic; the obligations of which are certain, continual, immutable, and everlasting.

To exhibit the precise character of popery in reference to Protestant governments and nations, a full authentic document is introduced; because it imbodies in one rescript, the substance of the papal doctrines, spirit and acts; which have ever been displayed when feasible; and which excommunication is regularly denounced in all parts of the world by the priest in the confessional, as well as amid the more appalling solemnities that are used to excite the vengeance, and to terrify the minds of the superstitious devotees, who witness the shocking ceremonies attending its promulgation.

The ensuing papal bull is extracted from that famous and infallible book among Papists, entitled Bullarium Magnum Romanum. It was adjudged superfluous to insert the original Latin; but the translation is minutely faithful; and comprises the substance of the papal curse, except the technical repetitions. The Roman editor of that work prefixed to it the following notice; from which it appears, that more than TWENTY POPES have ratified and confirmed all the doctrines and damnation which it proclaims.

"This is the excommunication and anathema of all heretics whatsoever, and their favourers and schismatics; and of those who violate ecclesiastical privileges, or in any mode infringe upon this bull, which is always published in cana Domini, at the Supper of the Lord; or the Thursday before Easter. Almost all the chapters of this bull, were before ordained by Urban V., Constit. I.; by Julius II.; by Paul III.; and by Gregory XIII. Other bulls of this character, entitled bulls In cana Domini,' are omitted.. The popes have made some variations in them, according to the exigencies of the times. However those

which are subsequently mentioned, are especially necessary, because they include several sections of this bull.

"Respecting the first section of this bull, a particular edict was issued by Nicholas III. Pius II. adopted the second section. The fourth section was enacted by Pius V. Section the seventh was approved by Nicholas V. A canon of Calixtus furnished the tenth section. Leo X. and Pius V., both sustained section the eleventh. The twelfth section is authorized by Alexander VI. To the fourteenth section is appended the sanction of Martin V., and Innocent VIII., and Leo X., and Clement VII., and Gregory XIII. The canon law and Pope Martin V., maintain the fifteenth section. Urban VI. sanctioned the nineteenth section with his authority. John XXII., and Clement VI., and Leo X., and Paul IV., all infallibly ratify the twentieth section. To which it must be subjoined, that in the sixty-second constitution, to quote the blasphemous words of the editor of Bullarium Magnum Romanum, 'Sancti Domini Nostri, of our holy Lord,' Pope Urban VIII, almost the same excommunication was annually published on that same day."

BULLA IN CENA DOMINI.

This Bull against heretics, and all infringers of Roman ecclesiastical privileges, is always pronounced at Rome, and by all Roman priests, on the Thursday before Easter.

"PAUL, BISHOp, servant oF THE SERVANTS OF GOD, IN PERPETUAL MEMORY OF THE THING NOW DECREED.

"1. The pastoral vigilance and care of the Roman pontiff, by the duty of his office, being continually employed in procuring by all means, the peace and tranquillity of Christendom, is more especially eminent in retaining and preserving the unity and integrity of the Catholic faith; so that the faithful of Christ may not be as children wavering, nor be carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the cunning craft of men, whereby they lie in wait to deceive; but that all may meet in the unity of the faith, and the knowledge of the Son of God unto a perfect man. That in the communion and society of this life they may not injure nor offend one another; but rather being joined together with the bond of charity, as members of one body, under Christ the Head, and his vicar upon earth, the Roman pontiff, Peter's successor, from whom the unity of the whole church doth flow, may be increased in edification, and by the assistance of divine grace, may so enjoy the tranquillity of this present life, that they also may attain eternal happiness. For which causes, the Roman pontiffs our predecessors, upon this day, which is dedicated to the anniversary commemoration of our Lord's Supper, have been used solemnly to exercise the spiritual sword of ecclesiastical discipline, and wholesome weapons of justice, by the ministry of the supreme apostolate, to the glory of God, and the salvation of souls! We, therefore, desiring nothing more than to preserve inviolable the integrity of faith, public peace, and justice, follow this ancient and solemn custom.

"2. In the name of God Almighty, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, and by the authority of the blessed apostles, Peter and Paul, and by our own-we excommunicate, and anathematize, all Hussites, Wickliffites, Lutherans, Zuinglians, Calvinists, Huguenots, Anabaptists, VOL. II.-87

Trinitarians, and apostates from the faith; and all other heretics, by whatsoever name they are called, or of whatsoever sect they be. And also their adherents, receivers, favourers, and generally, any defenders of them; with all, who without our authority, or that of the apostolic see, knowingly read, or retain, or in any way, or from any cause, publicly or privately, or from any pretext, defend their books containing heresy, or treating of religion; as also schismatics, and those who withdraw themselves, or recede obstinately from their obedience to us, or the existing Roman pontiff.

"3. We excommunicate and anathematize all and singular, of what; soever station, degree, or condition they be; and we interdict all universities, colleges, and chapters, by whatsoever name they are called, who appeal from our orders or decrees, or of the popes of Rome for the time being, to a future general council; and also those by whose aid and favour that appeal shall be made."

The fourth section excommunicates all pirates and corsairs.

The fifth section anathematizes all those who plunder shipwrecked goods.

The sixth section curses all the civil powers "who impose new taxes without the consent of the Roman court."

"7. We excommunicate and anathematize all forgers of apostolic letters, and of supplications respecting indulgence or justice signed by the Roman pontiff, or by the vice chancellors of the Roman see, or by their deputies, or by the command of the pope. And also those who falsely publish apostolic letters; and those who falsely sign such supplications in the name of the Roman pontiff, or the vice chancellor, or their deputies."

The eighth section curses all those "who supply materials of war to Saracens, or Turks, or to those who are expressly denounced as heretics."

The ninth section excommunicates all those "who prohibit the transportation of things necessary for the use of the court of Rome."

The tenth and eleventh sections anathematize all those "who interrupt, or injure, or rob, or kill pilgrims going to Rome, or returning from it."

12. We excommunicate and anathematize all those who slay, wound, maim, strike, apprehend, imprison, detain, or in hostile manner pursue the cardinals, archbishops, bishops, legates, or nuncios of Rome; and those who drive them from their territories, diocesses, lands, and dominions; and those who command or allow those things to be done, or who aid, counsel, and favour them."

"13. We excommunicate and anathematize all those who personally, or by others, slay, strike or despoil any ecclesiastical or secular persons who have recourse to the court of Rome for their causes and affairs; or the auditors and judges deputed to hear those causes; and this curse extends to all, who directly or indirectly act, procure, aid, counsel, and favour them."

The fourteenth section excommunicates all persons, ecclesiastics and secular, who appeal from the execution of the pontifical briefs, indulgences, and any of their other decrees-and all those who have recourse for redress from the Roman jurisdiction to secular courts— and all those who hinder or forbid the publication and execution of those

letters and decrees; and all those who molest, imprison, terrify and threaten those who execute the commands of the Roman court; and all those who forbid persons from having recourse to the Roman court for indulgences and letters, and affairs of any kind."

The fifteenth section anathematizes "all persons, emperors, kings, parliaments, dukes, and every other temporal ruler, with archbishops, and all ecclesiastics, down to vicars, who take away the jurisdiction of any benefice, tithes, or other spiritual causes, from the.cognizance of the court of Rome."

The sixteenth section curses all those who draw ecclesiastical persons, colleges, convents, &c. before their tribunal against the rules of the canon law: and all those "who enact or publish any statutes, or orders, or decrees, by which the ecclesiastical liberty is violated; or whereby our rights and those of our see, and of any other Roman churches, are in any way directly or indirectly prejudged."

The seventeenth section excommunicates all those who "hinder Roman prelates and other ecclesiastical judges from exerting their ecclesiastical jurisdiction against any persons according to the canons, and decrees of general councils, and especially of the council of Trent: and all those who after their sentence or decrees elude the judgment of the ecclesiastical court, by having recourse to secular courts to procure prohibitions, and penal mandates against the said ecclesiastical jurisdiction and also all those who make and execute those decrees, and who aid, counsel, countenance, or favour them."

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18. "We excommunicate and anathematize all those who usurp any jurisdictions, fruits, revenues, and emoluments belonging to us, or the apostolic see; or any ecclesiastical persons, upon account of any churches, monasteries, or other ecclesiastical benefices; or who, upon any occasion or cause, sequester the said revenues, without the express leave of the bishop of Rome, or others having lawful power to grant such permission."

The nineteenth section curses all those, who "without special and express license from the Roman pontiff impose taxes or tributes upon Roman prelates, priests, and other ecclesiastics, monasteries, churches, and other ecclesiastical benefices: and all who execute, procure, aid, counsel or favour them, emperors, &c. and all other potentates whatsoever, presidents of kingdoms, &c. although invested even with pontifical dignity." This section is thus closed--“ Renewing the decrees set forth concerning these matters by the sacred canons, as well in the last council of Lateran, as in other general councils, with all the censures and punishments contained in them."

20. "We excommunicate and anathematize all and every the magistrates, judges, notaries, &c. who intrude themselves in capital or criminal causes, against ecclesiastical persons, by processing, apprehending, or banishing them, or pronouncing or executing any sentences against them, without the special, particular, and express license of this holy apostolical see and also all those who extend such licenses to persons or cases not expressed; or any other way abuse them, although the offenders should be counsellors, senators, chancellors, or entitled by any other name.”

The twenty-first section curses all those "who invade, destroy, seize and detain the city of Rome, and any territories, lands, places, or rights