Handbook of Urban Ecology

animals assessment associated benefits biodiversity biogeochemical biological birds buildings cent cities climate change contamination corridors cultural density diversity dynamics ecological footprint economic ecosystem services effects energy English Nature enhanced environmental example feral flora fluxes functions gardens global gradient grassland green infrastructure green roofs green spaces greenspace habitat human impacts important increase industrial ecology interactions invasive Journal land Landscape and Urban Landscape Ecology levels London materials Natural England nature conservation nutrient open space organisms patterns peri-urban physical activity pollution population potential Pouyat processes rainfall regional residential runoff rural Science social spatial street trees structure studies suburban surface sustainable temperature urban areas urban ecology urban ecosystems urban environment urban forest urban green urban greenspace urban habitats urban heat island urban landscape urban metabolism urban nature Urban Planning urban soils urban wildlife urban woodlands vegetation wetlands