and there are sixteen burgesses, each having a separate ward, over which he is a magistrate, much resembling the institution of aldermen in the city of London. Westminster sends two members to parliament, who are chosen by the householders paying scot and lot. It has no trading companies, and no courts but those of the leet, the sessions, and a court of requests. The abbey of Westminster, as an edifice and an immensely rich endowment, owes its origin to Edward the Confessor. At the reformation, the revenues of the abbey were estimated at 3,0331. 17s. yearly, a sum equal to 60,6771. of the money of the present day. The borough of SOUTHWARK was governed by its own bailiffs up to the year 1327, in the reign of Edw. III., when it was found inconvenient to carry on the government of the two places under separate jurisdictions; so by charter it was granted (see charters above) that the mayor of London be bailiff of Southwark, to govern it by deputy. Subsequently, in 1550, Edw. VI. made a more complete grant of it to the city, placing it under the jurisdiction of the mayor, and creating it one of the city wards, under the name of the Bridge-Ward without. This borough sends two members to parliament, who are elected also by the householders paying scot and lot. London, comprising Westminster, Southwark, and the city, contained, before the reformation, 40 religious houses and hospitals, the interesting particulars of which would take up too much room for me to state here. It now contains 196 churches and chapels of ease, 11 Catholic chapels, 17 chapels of foreign Protestants, 152 meeting-houses, 22 hospitals, 107 almshouses, 20 dispensaries, besides several minor institutions for the relief of the poor and infirm. London contains the following parishes. Those in what is called the city of London within the walls are, St. Alban, Wood-street; Allhallows, Barking; Allhallows, Breadstreet; Allhallows-the-Great; Allhallows, Honey-lane; Allhallows-the-Less; Allhallows, Lombard-street; Allhallows, London-wall; Allhallows-Staining; St. Alphage, near Sion-college; St. AndrewHubbard; St. Andrew-Undershaft; St. Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe; St. Anne, and St. Agnes, within Aldersgate; St. Anne, Blackfriars; St. Antholin; St. Augustine; St. Bartholomew, by-theRoyal-Exchange; St. Bennet-Fink; St. Bennet, Gracechurch-street; St. Ben

nett, Paul's-wharf; St. Bennett-Sherehog; St. Botolph, Billingsgate; St. Botolph, Aldgate; Christchurch; St. Christopher - le- Stock; St. Clement, near Eastcheap; St.Dionis-Backchurch; St. Dunstan's-in-the-East; St. Edmundthe-King; St. Ethelburga; St. Faiththe-Virgin-under-St.-Paul's; St. Gabriel, Fenchurch-street; St. George, Botolph-lane; St. Gregory, by St. Paul's; St. Helen, near Bishopsgate; St. James, in Duke's-place; St. James, Garlick-Hythe; St. John-Baptist; St. John-Evangelist; St. John-Zachary; St. Katherine-Colman; St. KatherineCree-Church, otherwise Christ-Church; St. Lawrence, Jewry; St. Lawrence, Pounteney; St. Leonard, Eastcheap; St. Leonard, Foster-lane; St. Magnus; St. Margaret, Lothbury; St. MargaretMoses; St. Margaret, New Fish-street; St. Margaret-Pattens; St. Martin-Pomroy-Ironmonger; St. Martin-Ludgate; St. Martin-Orgars; St. Martin-Outwich; St. Martin-Vintry; St. Mary-Abchurch; St. Mary, Aldermanbury; St. Mary-Aldermary; St. Mary-le-Bow; St. Mary, Bothaw, Dowgate; St. Mary-Colchurch; St. Mary-at-Hill; St. Mary-Magdalen, Milk-street; St. Mary-Magdalen, Old Fish-street; St. Mary-Mounthaw; St. Mary-Somerset ; St. Mary-Staining; St. Mary Woolchurch-haw; St. MaryWoolnoth; St. Matthew, Friday-street; St. Michael-Bassishaw; St. Michael, Cornhill; St. Michael, Crooked-lane; St. Michael, Queenhithe; St. Michaelle-Quern; St. Michael - PaternosterRoyal; St. Michael, Wood-street; St. Mildred, Bread-street; St. Mildred-inthe-Poultry; St. Nicholas-Acons; St. Nicholas-Cole-Abbey; St. NicholasOlave; St. Olave, Hart-street; St. Olave, Old-Jewry; St. Olave, Silverstreet; St. Pancras, Soper-lane; St. Peter, Cornhill; St. Peter, near Paul's wharf; St. Peter-le-Poor, in Broadstreet; St. Peter, Westcheap; St. Stephen, Coleman-street; St. Stephen, Walbrook; St. Swithin, London-stone; St. Thomas-the-Apostle; Trinity-theLess; St. Vedast, Foster-lane. Those contained in that part called the city of London without the walls are, St. Andrew, Holborn, with Barnard's-Inn; St. Bartholomew-the-Great; St. Bartholomew-the-Less; St. Botolph, without Aldersgate; St. Botolph, Aldgate; St. Botolph, without Bishopgate; St. Bride, otherwise St. Bridget; St. Dunstan-inthe-West; St. Giles-without-Cripplegate; St. Sepulchre-without-Newgate;

232

It is

IS BOUNDED on the North by a part of Brecknock and Herefordshire; on the East by Gloucestershire; on the Southeast by the Severn sea or Bristol channel, and on the West by Glamorganshire and part of Brecknockshire. thirty-three miles in length, and twentysix in breadth. It has six hundreds: Abergavenny, Caldicot, Ragland, Skenfreth, Uske, Wentloog. The principal rivers of this county are, the Wye, the Severn, the Uske, the Rumney, the Monnow, and the Ebwy. The market-towns are, Abergavenny, Caerleon, Chepstow, Monmouth, Newport, Pontypool, and Uske. This county sends three members to parliament; two for the county itself, and one for the borough. It is in the PROVINCE OF CANTERBURY, partly in the DIOCESE OF LLANDAFF, partly in that of HEREFORD, and partly in that of St. DAVID'S, and in the OxFORD CIRCUIT. Monmouthshire contains 498 square miles, or 318,720 acres, and 125 parishes. It had 13 monastic establishments, and 10 public charities; it has 3 parishes with no church; 21 parishes with less than 100 inhabitants; 69 parishes with no parsonage-house; 30 parishes with parsonage-houses unfit to live in; the POOR-RATES were, in 1818, 41,0277. 16s. 24d., the number of paupers is 4.122; the rental of the county, according to a return made to parliament in 1818, was 295,097 l. 3s. 6d.; the population, according to a return laid before parliament in 1821, was 71,833; the number of inhabited houses in 1821 was 13,211; the number of uninbabited houses at the same epoch, 520; the poor-rates bear the proportion of one-seventh of the rental; the number of paupers, compared with the number of houses, is 1 to every 3; the poorrates, in 1776, were 50,4331.; the number of persons to every square mile of this county is 145; the number of acres to a person, 4; the number of acres to a house, 24; the male population, in 1821, was 37,278; the families employed in agriculture were in number 6,020; the families employed in handicraft were 6,147 in number; the number of other families was 1,955; the agricultural

male population, 15,884; able labourers, 7,942; the number of acres in this county to every able-bodied labourer is 40. This is as hilly a county as any in England; indeed, it is all hill and dale; generally very beautiful, and, in many parts, very productive. The wastes are numerous, and some of them large; that of Greenmore contains about 5,000 acres; Caldicot about 800; besides those of Devaudon, Chepstow, and others. The southern part of the county consists of large tracts of moor and marsh lands, containing, in some parts, great depths of rich land, and, in other parts, a black peaty earth. Another division of it consists of a mixture of clay-loam, forming fertile meadows in the valleys, with a good red soil on the higher ground, excellent for the growth of corn. In the eastern part of the county, extending along the course of the river Uske, the soil is of a faint-red colour, and fertile as a garden. The third division of the county is the western, a hilly, or, rather, mountainous district, the soil upon the hills being of a thin, peaty nature, with stone underneath, or coals, and iron ore. The low grounds in this district are marshy, and the midland is either cultivated in corn, or is in good woodland. Nothing can be more beautiful than a great part of this county. The horned cattle of Monmouthshire are of good size, short-legged, and compact in the carcass. They are sent into the other counties of England, to fatten, in great numbers. The sheep are of two kinds; in the low lands the Ryeland breed is found; but, on the hills, quite another sort, a slender, long-legged, rough-woolled, active animal, the only kind fitted for such a district, and, though not producing much, yet producing good mutton. The horses are slender and unserviceable, but the mules of this county are the best of any bred in England; they are larger and handsomer, and very often bring good prices. There are extensive mines of coal and iron in Monmouthshire; and manufacturing of flannel, coarse cloths, woollen stockings, knit-caps, &c. is carried on in many parts of it.

and popula. included therein.

HENTLIS, 4 miles W. from Caerleon.

A

Popula. 209.

dred. Popula. 34.

IFTON, 5 miles S.W. from Chepstow. Popula. 50.

ISHLANREOED, in Bedwelty parish, and popula. included therein.

ITTON, 24 miles W. from Chepstow. Popula. 123.

KEMEYS (Commander), 34 miles N.N.W. from Uske. Popula. 72. KEMEYS (Inferior), 2 miles N.E. from Caerleon. Popula. 109. KILGWRRWG, 136 miles from London, near Chepstow. Popula. 113. LANARTH, 44 miles S.E. from Abergavenny. Popula. 686.

LANBADOCK, 5 miles N. from Caerleon. Popula. 369.

LLANBEDER, in Lanmartin parish, and mile dispopula. included therein. tant N.

LANDEGVETH, 24 miles N. from Caerleon. Popula. 126.

LANDENNY, 3 miles N.E. from Uske. Popula. 351.

LANDEVAND, in Lanmartin parish, and popula. included therein.

LANDEVENNY, in St. Brides- Netherwent parish, and popula. included therein.

.

pula. 494.

LANGOVEN, 44 miles S.W. from Monmouth. Popula. 137.

LANGSTONE, 3 miles E. from Newport. Popula. 171.

LANGUA, 8 miles N.N.E. from Abergavenny. Popula. 74.

LLANGWN (Icha and Ucha), 3 miles E. from Uske. Popula. 337. Here there was an Alien Priory, founded in the year 1183; granted, 37 Hen. VIII., to John Doyley and John Scudamore. LANHENNOCK, 14 mile N.E. from Caerleon. Popula. 145.

LANHILETH. Near Abergavenny. Popula. 438.

LANISHEN, 6 miles N.E. from Uske. Popula. 255.

LLANLLOWELL, 1 mile S.E. from Uske. Popula. 63.

LANMARTIN, 4 miles E. from Newport. Popula. 207.

LANOVER, 3 miles S. from Abergavenny. Popula. 2,145.

LANSAINTFREAD, 4 miles S.E. from Abergavenny. Popula. 28.

LANSOY, 4 miles N.E. from Uske. Popula. 139. LANTHEWY-RYTHERCH, 3 miles E. from Abergavenny. Popula. 317. LANTHEWY-SKIRRIT, 34 miles N.E. from Abergavenny. Popula. 84. LANTHEWY-VACH, 24 miles S.W. from Uske. Popula. 172.

Popula. 612.

popula. included therein. 8 miles N. by W. from Abergavenny. Here there was an Augustine Priory, founded before the year 1108, by Hugh Lacy; valued at 711. 38. 2d. yearly, now worth 1423/.. 3s. 4d.; granted, 38 Hen. VIII., to Nicholas Arnold. LANTILLIO-GROSSENNY, 6 miles W.N.W. from Monmouth. Popula.

710.

LANTILIO-PERTHOLEY, 1 mile N. from Abergavenny. Popula. 7,116. LLANTRISSAINT, 2 miles S. from Uske. Popula. 271.

LAN VACHES, 6 miles W. from Chepstow. Popula. 247.

LANVAIR-KILGIDIN, 44 miles S.E. from Abergavenny. Popula. 226.