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HOLWELL, in Broadwell parish, and
popula. included therein. 2 miles S.
from Burford.
HOOK-NORTON, 4 miles N.N.E. from
Chipping-Norton. Popula. 1,351. Fairs,
second Tuesday after May 12, Nov. 28,
horses and cows.

HORLEY, 3 miles N.W, from Banbury.
Popula. 846.

HORNTON, in Horley parish, and po-
pula. included therein. 1 mile distant
N.W.

LEDWELL, in Sandford parish, and popula. included therein. 1 mile distant N.

LEIGH (North), 3 miles N.E. from Wit-
ney. Popula. 592.

LEIGH (South), 3 miles E.S.E. from
Witney. Popula. 316.

LEW, in Witney parish, and popula. in

cluded therein. 3 miles distant S.S. W. LEWKNOR, 2 miles N.E. from Watlington. Popula. 691.

LIDSTONE, in Church-Enstone parish,
and popula. included therein. 14 mile
distant W.

HORSEPATH, 34 miles S.E. from Oxford.
Popula. 264.
HORTON.-See Studley.mile distant LILLINGSTONE-LEVELL,

N.W.

IDBURY, 5 miles N. from Burford. Popula. 193.

IFLEY, 2 miles S. from Oxford. Popula.
881.

IPSDEN, 24 miles S. from Wallingford.
Popula. 583.

ISLIP, 5 miles S.E. from Woodstock.
Popula. 655.

14 miles
N.E. from Bicester, locally situate in
Bucks. Popula. 160.
LITTLEMOOR, partly in Ifley parish,

and partly in that of St. Mary-the-Vir-
gin (Oxford). 1 mile S.E. from the
former. Here there was a Benedictine
Nunnery, founded in the reign of Henry
II.; yearly value 331. 6s. 8d., now
worth 6661. 13s. 4d.; granted, 38 Hen.
VIII., to William Owen and John
Bridges.

KELMSCOTT, 43 miles S.W. from Bamp- LYNEHAM, in Shipton-under-Which

ton. Popula. 118.

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KIDLINGTON, 34 miles S.E. from Wood-
stock. Popula. 1,153.
KINGHAM, 34 miles S.W. from Chip-
ping-Norton. Popula. 464.
KINGSTON-BLOUNT, in Aston-Rowant
parish, and popula. included therein. 1
mile distant E.

KINGS. END, in Bicester parish, and po

pula. included therein. mile distant. KIRTLINGTON, 35 miles N.E. from

Woodstock. Popula. 697. LANGFORD, 5 miles N.W. from Farringdon. Popula. 638. LANGLEY, in Shipton-under-Whichwood parish, and popula. included therein. LAUNTON, 14 miles S.E. from Bicester. Popula. 553.

LEAFIELD, in Shipton-under-Whichwood parish, and popula. included therein. 34 miles N.W. from Witney.

wood parish, and popula. included
therein. 1 mile distant N.
MAPLE-DURHAM, 64 miles S.W. from
Henley. Popula. 508.

MARSTON, 1 mile N.N.E. from Oxford.
Popula. 340.

MERTON, 34 miles S. from Bicester.
Popula. 163.

MIDDLETON-STONEY, 3 miles W.
from Bicester. Popula. 340.
MILCOMB, in Bloxham parish, and po-
pula. included therein. 1 mile dis-
tant S.W.

MILTON (Great), 7 miles S.E. from
Oxford. Popula. 701.

MILTON (Little), 7 miles S.E. from
Oxford. Popula. 442.

MILTON, in East Adderbury parish, and
popula. included therein. 1 miles

distant S.W.

MILTON, in Shipton-under-Whichwood
parish, and popula. included therein.
14 mile, distant W.

MINSTER-LOVELL, 55 miles E. from
Burford. Popula. 326.

MIXBURY, 7 miles N.N.E. from Bices-
ter. Popula. 336.

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MONGEWELL, 1 mile S. from Wallingford. Popula. 142.

MURCOT.-See Fencott. mile distant S.E.

NEITHROP, in Banbury parish, and

popula. included therein. mile distant N.W.

NETTLEBED, 44 miles N.W. from Henley. Popula. 545. Fairs, Monday after St. Luke; Oct. 18; Tuesday se'nnight after Whitsuntide, small fairs, chiefly toys, &c.

NEWINGTON, 5 miles W. from Watlington. Popula. 445.

NEWINGTON (South), 34 miles N.W. from Deddington. Popula. 428. NEWINGTON (North), in Broughton parish, and popula. included therein. 1 mile distant N.

NEWNHAM-MURREN, 1 mile S. from
Wallingford. Popula. 260.
NEWTON-PURCELL, 54 miles N.E. from
Bicester. Popula. 143.

NOKE, 44 miles N.E. from Oxford. Popula. 168.

NORTH-MOOR, 54 miles S.E. from Witney. Popula. 336.

NORTH-STOKE, 24 miles S. from Wallingford. Popula. 203. NORTON-BRIZE, 4 miles S.W. from Witney. Popula. 528. Here there was an Augustine Priory, founded in the reign of Henry II., by William Fitz Alan; yearly value 50l. now worth 1000l.; granted to the Brazennose College, Oxford.

NORTON-OVER, in Chipping-Norton parish, and popula. included therein. 1 mile distant N.

NORTON-HOOK.-See Hook-Norton.
NUFFIELD, 34 miles S.E. from Walling-
ford. Popula. 198.
NUNEHAM-COURTNEY,

44 miles S.S.E. from Oxford. Popula. 312. ODDINGTON, 44 miles S.S.W. from Oxford. Popula. 166.

OXFORD is seated in a vale of beautiful and luxuriant water meadows, with a range of hills at a little distance from it, forming a sweep nearly all round it. It is 544 miles W.N.W. from London; is, including its suburbs, about

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one mile and a quarter from East to West, and nearly the same from North to South; is surrounded on the East, West and South, by the two very pretty rivers, the Isis and the Charwell; and is an ancient-looking, beautiful town, the buildings solid, nearly all of stone, and the main streets spacious and well paved and lighted. Fabulous history makes Oxford a town 1000 years before the Christian era, ascribing the founding of it to Memprick, a British king, who named it after himself. It is said to have been afterwards called Rhid-Ychen, a name meaning in the British dialect, the same as Orenford, which was the name afterwards given it and by which we find it described in the Doomsday Survey. It does not appear to have been a place of very great consequence till the time of Alfred, who built three halls, or colleges, there in 886. He then assembled some learned men together, among whom was Grymbald, and John the Monk, and settled them at Oxford to superintend the colleges; but there was, before this, a college at Oxford; for, upon Grymbald and his associates introducing new statutes and regulations for the conducting of the new colleges, we read that great resistance was offered to them by the old scholars, and the strife between the parties went to such a height, that the king himself went to Oxford to act as umpire. Having settled, as he thought, the dispute, he left it, but the old students continued their opposition to Grymbald till he retired to Winchester in despair. The halls built by Alfred were called the Great, Little, and Less Halls, and the three now form what is called University College, the most ancient of all now standing. In the reign of Ethelred, the city and college were sacked, and partly consumed by fire, by the Danes, and they were scarcely repaired before Harold, in 1036, being incensed against the students, banished them. They were recalled, however, by Edward the Confessor. William I.,wishing to abolish the English tongue, was opposed by the clergy and the students, and for this he stopped the stipends granted them by King Alfred; and, shortly after this, they and the citizens joining in a rebellion against William, he besieged the city, took it and gave it up to plunder. It is supposed that he then surrounded it with a wall, and the North-gate and some other frag.

ments of his fortification still remain. In the reign of King John, the magistrates of Oxfordshire having, without trial, hanged three priests, or scholars, for a murder of which they were supposed innocent, the students all deserted the place, and dividing, went to Reading, Salisbury, Maidstone, and Cambridge; by which means the place became so impoverished that it sent deputies to the pope's legate at Westminster to beg pardon on their knees, and they submitted to do penance. The students therefore returned to Oxford. It appears to have been allowed the rank of University in the year 1256. In 1349 a dreadful plague ravaged it. In the reign of Edward III., several parliaments were held there. Henry V. was partly educated at Oxford, and is said to have intended to add to its foundations. At the beginning of Henry VIII.'s reign, he confirmed the charters of the University and shortly after paid it a visit. But, by assuming to himself the title of head of the church, and by the unequivocal signs of his intentions towards the church property which he soon after displayed, he drove away more students than the plague had ever done. He confiscated and granted to laymen, the chief religious houses in Oxford. The colleges, however, were suffered to remain as they were, and great pains was taken to encourage the students to return. Cardinal Wolsey erected a new college; and Henry made the Abbey of Osceney, near Oxford, a cathedral, and the county a diocese; but when Wolsey had completed his college of Christ's Church, the cathedral church was translated to the town of Oxford, until which it was not properly a city. In Edward VI.'s reign, a commission was appointed to examine the state of the colleges, and they either directed or allowed a pillaging of their libraries, in which many valuable books were burned, and the colleges became again deserted. On the accession of Mary, many of the students returned, but the death of Mary again dispersed them, and from the year 1560, for several years scarcely any use was made of the colleges, and there were but two University preachers, who both retired and left the pulpit vacant. In 1566, Queen Elizabeth visited Oxford, and the magnificence with which she was treated by the university, shows that it was then re

viving. In the thirteenth year of her reign, an act was passed to incorporate it. James I. resided some time at Oxford on account of the plague which was in London; but the disorder reaching Oxford itself, he was obliged to quit it, with its citizens and students. In the reign of Charles I., the plague being still in London, the king held a parliament at Oxford; and to this place he fled when assailed by the parliament which ultimately dethroned him. The colleges suffered a good deal from the ransacking of the parliament forces, and Cromwell became Chancellor of the University. On the Restoration, the. University was placed on its former basis. In 1681, Charles II. held a parliament in Oxford. The statutes under which the University acts as a corporate body, received the approbation of Charles 1. The officers by whom it is immediately governed, are, a chancellor, high-steward, vicechancellor, and two proctors. The chancellor is usually a nobleman of high rank, the high-steward is chosen by him, and is also a man of high rank, and, like the chancellor, retains his office for life. The university consists of twenty colleges and five halls; namely, ALL-SOULS COLLEGE, founded in 1437, by Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury. BALLIOL COLLEGE, found ed by John Balliol, of Barnard-Castle, Durham, in the reign of Henry III. BRAZEN-NOSE COLLEGE, founded in 1509, by William Smyth, Bishop of Lincoln. CORPUS-CHRISTI COLLEGE, found. ed by Richard Fox, Bishop of Winchester. CHRIST'S CHURCH COLLEGE, founded by Cardinal Wolsey. EXETER COLLEGE, founded in 1315, by Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Exeter. HERTFORD COLLEGE, founded by Bishop Stapledon. JESUS COLLEGE, founded by Queen Elizabeth. LINCOLN COLLIGE, founded by Richard Flemmynge, Bishop of Lincoln. MAGDALEN COLLEGE, founded by William of Wainfleet. MERTON COLLEGE, founded in the reign of Henry III., by Walter de Merton, Bishop of Rochester. NEW COLLEGE, founded in 1579, by William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester. ORIEL COLLEGE, founded in 1315, by Adam de Brom, rector of Hanworth, Middlesex. PEMBROKE COLLEGE, founded early in the seventeenth century, out of the contributions of two wealthy, zealous men, Thomas Tesdale and Richard Wightwick. QUEEN'S COLLEGE, founded by Robert Eglefield, confessor to the

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Queen of Edward III., in 1340. ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, founded in the fifteenth century, by Sir Thomas White, a London merchant. TRINITY COLLEGE, founded in 1554, by Sir Thomas Pope. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, founded in 1249, by William of Durham. WORCESTER COLLEGE, founded in the time of Elizabeth, by Sir Thomas White, but endowed principally by Sir Thomas Cookes, of Worcestershire. WADHAM COLLEGE, founded by Nicholas Wad. ham, of Someretshire. The Halls are five in number; namely, ST. ALBAN'S HALL, deriving its name from Sancto Albans, a citizen of Oxford in the time of King John. EDMUND HALL, SO termed from St. Edmund, Archbishop of Canterbury. ST. MARY'S HALL, given by the burgesses of Oxford in the reign of Henry III., to the rectors of St. Mary's church, for a house of residence. ST. MARY MAGDALEN HALL, close to Magdalen College, built in 1480, by William Waynfleet, as grammar school. NEW-INN HALL, were premises bestowed by William of Wykeham, on the warders of New College, and they acquired the name of New Hall. The old monastic institu tions of Oxford were, St. Frideswides, a Nunnery founded in 730, by King Didamus, for his own daughter. This Nunnery was suppressed by a Bull of Pope Clement VII., and the site and lands granted to Cardinal Wolsey, whereon he founded his college of Christ-church. A Convent of BLACK

a

were

FRIARS was established in the parish of St. Ebb, in the year 1261, under the protection of Henry III., and an establishment of GREY FRIARS was brought to the same place about the same time. Both of these were dissolved by Henry VIII., and their possessions granted to Richard Andrews and John How. A CARMELITE FRIARY was established about the year 1310, by King Edward II.; but was dissolved and its lands granted to Edward Sourl, by King Henry VIII. There were also a society of Crouched Friars, Friars de Sacco, and Trinitarian Friars for the redemption of captives; but these were either altogether suppressed, or were annexed to other religious houses, before the Reformation.-Oxford has no manufactures, and its trade is principally owing to the great number of scholars constantly resident in the colleges. The city is governed by a mayor, highsteward, recorder, four aldermen, eight

assistants, two bailiffs, a town clerk, two chamberlains, and twenty-four common-councilmen. It sends four members to parliament; two for the city, who are elected by about 1,600 voters, being the mayor, magistrates, common. council, and freemen; and two for the university, who are elected by the Doctors and actual masters of arts, generally about 1,200. It contains the following parishes: St. Aldate, All-Saints, St. Ebbe, St. Giles, Holywell, St. Marythe-Virgin, St. Mary Magdalen, St. Martin, St. Michael, St. Peter-leBailey, St. Peter-in-the-East, and St. Thomas. The popula. is 16,364. The markets are on Wednesday and Satur day, and the fairs on May 3; Monday after St. Giles; Sept. 1, and Thursday before New Michaelmas, toys and small

ware.

PESHELL, 5 miles N.N.W. from Henley.
Popula. 155.
PIDDINGTON, 5 miles S.E, from Bi.
cester. Popula. 359.
PIRTON,

mile N. from Watlington.

Popula. 622. POSTCOMBE, in Lewknor parish, and popula. included therein. 1 mile distant N.

PRESCOTT. in Cropredy parish, and popula. included therein. 1 mile distant E.

RADFORD, in Church-Enstone parish, and popula. included therein. 14 mile distant E.S.E.

RAFFORD, in Chalgrove parish, and popula. included therein. 1 mile distant N.

RAMSDON, in Shipton-under-Whichwood parish, and popula. included therein. 3 miles N. from Witney. ROLLRIGHT (Great), 24 miles N. from

Chipping Norton. Popula. 419. ROLLRIGHT (Little), 2 miles N.W. from Chipping-Norton. Popula. 28. ROTHERFIELD-GRAYS, 2 miles W. from Henley. Popula. 717. ROTHERFIELD-PEPPARD, 24 miles S.W. from Henley. Popula. 401. ROUSHAM, 4 miles N.E. from Woodstock. Popula. 160.

SALFORD, 14 mile N.W. from Chipping-
Norton. Popula. 293.
SANDFORD, 4 miles S.W. from Ded-
dington. Popula. 489.
Here there

was a Templar's Hospital, founded by | STANTON-HARCOURT, 4 miles S.E. Maud, Queen of King Stephen; grant- from Witney. Popula. 606. ed, 33 Hen. VIII., to Edward Powell. STANTON (St. John's), 4 miles N.E. SANFORD, 3 miles S. from Oxford. Popula. 193.

SARSDEN, 2 miles S.S.W. from Chipping-Norton. Popula. 128.

SHELSWELL, 54 miles N.E. from Bicester. Popula. 51.

SHIFFORD, in Bampton parish, and popula. included therein. 34 miles E.S.E.

SHIPLAKE, 3 miles S. from Henley. Popula. 528. SHIPTON-UPON-CHERWELL, 2 miles E. from Woodstock. Popula. 147. SHIPTON-UNDER-WHICHWOOD, 4 miles N.N.E. from Burford. Popula. 2,275.

SHIRBURN, 1 mile N.E. from Watlington. Popula. 332.

SHOTOVER, 3 miles E. from Oxford. Popula. 85.

SHUTFORD, in Swalcliff parish, and popula. included therein. 1 mile distant N.

SIBFORD-GOWER, in Swalcliff parish, and popula. included therein. 1 mile distant W.

SIBFORD-FERRIS, in Swalcliff parish, and popula. included therein. 1 mile distant S.W.

SIGNET.-See Upton. 1 mile S. from Burford.

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from Oxford. Popula. 468. STOKE-LYNE, 34 miles N. from Bicester. Popula. 509.

STOKE-TALMAGE, 3 miles N. from Wat-
lington. Popula. 140.
STOKEN-CHURCH, 44 miles E. from
Watlington. Popula. 1,102. Fair,
July 10, horses.

STOKEROW, in Ipsden parish, and popula. included therein. 24 miles E.S.E.

STONESFIELD, 34 miles W. from Woodstock. Popula. 428.

STOW-WOOD, 3 miles N.E. from Ox-. ford. Popula. 26.

STRATTON-AUDLEY, 24 miles N.E. from Bicester. Popula. 342. STUDLEY with HORTON, in Beckley

parish, and popula. included therein. 2 miles distant E. Here there was a Benedictine Nunnery, built in the reign of Henry II., by Bernard de St. Walerico; yearly value 102l. 6s. 74d., now worth 2,0461. 12s. 6d.; granted, 31 Hen. VIII., to John Croke. SWALCLIFFE, 5 miles W.S.W. from Banbury. Popula. 1,798.

SWERFORD, 5 miles W. from Deddington. Popula. 395.

SWINBROOK, 24 miles E. from Burford. Popula, 208.

SWINCOMBE, 4 miles E. from Wallingford. Popula. 345.

SYDENHAM, 3 miles S. from Thame. Popula. 367.

TACKLEY, 25 miles N.E. from Woodstock. Popula. 478.

TADMARTON, 4 miles S.W. from Banbury. Popula. 401.

SOUTHROPE, in Hook-Norton parish, TASTON, in Spelsbury parish, and po

and popula. included therein,

SPELSBURY, 4 miles S.E. from Chip-
ping-Norton. Popula. 610.
STADHAMPTON, 6 miles N.W. from
Watlington. Popula. 254.
STANDHILL, in Pirton parish, and po-
pula. included therein.
STANDLAKE, 5 miles E. from Bampton.
Popula, 643.

pula. included therein. mile dis-
tant N.E.

TAYNTON, 2 miles N.W. from Burford.
Popula. 324.
TETSWORTH,

24 miles S.W. from Thame. Popula. 495.

TEW (Great), 44 miles S.W. from Deddington. Popula. 760.

TEW (Little), in the above parish, and

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