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popula. included therein. 8 miles N.E
from Carlisle.

ASPATRIA, 5 miles N.W. from Ireby.
Popula. 1,220.

AUSTHWAITE, in Millom parish, and
popula. included therein. 10 miles from
Ravenglass.

BAILIE, in Bewcastle parish, and popula. included therein. 18 miles E.N.E. from Carlisle.

BALDWIN-HOLME, in Orton parish, and popula. included therein. 8 miles from Carlisle.

mines of copper, iron, and lead, in this | ASHERTON, in Lanercost parish, and county, at Hesket-New-Market, Caldbeck, at Gowgarth, and in AldstoneMoor. The soil of this county is, except on the mountains, generally of a rich brown mould, or a strong but fertile clay; but there is also, as in most other counties, some wet marshy loam, and some light and sandy loam. Agriculture has been, till within the last 30 years, at a low ebb in Cumberland; a great quantity of very good wheat land never having been known till within that time, to bear any-thing better than oats. Dairy farming is carried on to a great extent in the district of Aldstone-Moor, and in the north-east part of the county, and large supplies are sent thence to the large towns far and near. The Cumberland cattle are small, with long horns; and the sheep, which were formerly chiefly fed on the mountains, roughlegged, and ill-formed. Manufacturing is not carried on very largely in this county. There is a little spinning and weaving of cotton into calico and corduroy at Dalston, Carlisle, Warwickbridge, Corby, and Cummersdale. ABBEY-HOLM.-See Holm-Cultram. ADDINGHAM, 1 mile S.E. from Kirk

Oswald. Popula. 694.

AGLIONBY, in Warwick parish, and po

pula. included therein. 34 miles from Carlisle.

AIKTON, 3 miles N. from Wigton. Popula. 706.

AINSTABLE with Rushroft, 3 miles N.
from Kirk-Oswald. Popula. 518.
ALDSTONE-MOOR, 302 miles N.W. from
London. Popula. 5,699. Market, Sat.;
fairs, last Thurs. in May, first Thurs.
in Sept., horned cattle, horses, linen
and woollen cloth.

ALLHALLOWS, 2 miles N.W. from Ireby.
Popula. 219.

ALLERBY, in Aspatria parish, and po

pula. included therein.

ALLONBY, in Broomfield parish, and popula. included therein. 5 miles N.E. from Maryport.

ANTHORM, in Bowness parish, and popula. included therein.

ARLECDON, 3 miles N.E. from White-
haven. Popula. 478.

ARTHURET, mile S. from Longtown.
Popula. 2,953.

BAMPTON (Little), in Kirk-Bampton parish, and popula. included therein. 7 miles from Carlisle,

BANKS, in Lanercost parish, and popula.

included therein.

BASSENTHWAITE, 4 miles N.E. from
Keswick. Popula. 537.

BEAUMONT, 3 miles N.E. from Carlisle.
Popula. 323.

BEES (St.), with the town of Whitehaven,
303 miles N.W. from London. Popula.
19,169. Here there was a Benedictine
Cell, or Monastery, founded in the year
650, by Bega, a holy woman from Ire-
land. There were a Prioress and six
nuns at the dissolution. Yearly income
149l. 19s. 6d., now worth 2,999l. 10s. ;
granted, 7 Edw. VI., to Sir Thomas
Challoner.

BELBANK, in Bewcastle parish, and popula. included therein. 14 miles from Carlisle.

BELBANK, in Stapleton parish, and popula. included therein. 11 miles from Carlisle.

BERRIER, in Greystock parish, and po-
pula. included therein. 4 miles from
Penrith.

BEWALDETH, in Torpenhow parish,
and popula. included therein, 7 miles
from Cockermouth.
BEWCASTLE, 8 miles N. from Brampton.
Popula. 1,213.

BIGLANDS, in Ashton parish, and popula.
included therein. 5 miles from Car-
lisle.
BIRKBY, in Cross-Cannonby parish, and
popula. included therein. On the river
Elne, near its fall into the Irish sea.
7 miles from Cockermouth.

BIRKBY.-See Muncaster.

BIRKER, in Millom parish, and popula. in- | BRACKENTHWAITE, in Lorton parish'

cluded therein. 2 miles from Ravenglass. BLACKWELL or BLACKHALL (High), in St. Cuthbert's parish, Carlisle, and popula. included therein. Adjoining Carlisle.

BLACKWELL or BLACKHALL (Low), in St. Cuthbert's parish, Carlisle, and popula. included therein. Adjoining Carlisle.

BLENCARN, in Kirkland parish, and popula. included therein. 8 miles from

Penrith.

BLENCOGS, in Broomfield parish, and popula. included therein. BLENCOW (Great), in Dacre parish, and popula. included therein. BLENCOW (Little), in Greystock parish, and popula. included therein. 34 miles from Penrith.

BLENNERHASSET, in Torpenhow parish, and popula. included therein. 4 miles N. from Ireby.

BLINDBOTHEL, in Brigham parish, and popula. included therein. 3 miles from Cockermouth.

BLINDCRAKE, in Isall parish, and popula. included therein. 34 miles N. from Cockermouth. BOLTON-GATE, or HIGH-SIDE, 1 mile N. from Ireby. Popula. 1,123. BOLTON-WOOD, or LOW-SIDE, in the above parish, and mile distant. Po

pula. included therein. BOOTLE, 3 miles S. from Ravenglass. Popula. 658. Market, Wed.; fairs, Apr. 5, Sept. 24, for cloth and corn. BOTCHARDBY, in St. Cuthbert's parish, Carlisle, and popula. included therein. Adjoining Carlisle.

BOTCHARD-GATE, in St. Cuthbert's parish, Carlisle, and popula. included therein.

BORROWDALE, in Crosthwaite parish, and popula. included therein. 6 miles S. from Keswick.

BOTHEL, in Torpenhow parish, and popula. included therein. 6 miles N.E. from Cockermouth.

BOUSTEAD-HILL, in Burgh parish, and popula. included therein. 44 miles from Carlisle

BOWNESS, 8 miles N.W. from Wigton.
Popula. 1,220.
BRACKENHILL, in Arthuret parish, and
popula. included therein. 1 mile from
Longtown.

and popula. included therein. 5 miles from Cockermouth.

BRAITHWAITE, in Crosthwaite parish, and popula. included therein. 2 miles from Keswick.

BRAMPTON, 311 miles N.W. from London. Popula. 2,921. Market, Tues.; fairs, second Wed. after Whit-Sunday, last Wed. in Aug., for horses and horned cattle.

BRANTHWAITE, in Dean parish, and
popula. included therein. 7 miles from
Cockermouth.

BRAYTON,, in Aspatria parish, and popu
la. included therein. 5 miles from
Ireby.
BRIDEKIRK, 6 miles S.W. from Ireby.
Popula. 1,694.

BRIDGETS (St. Beckermet), 2 miles S.
from Egremont. Popula. 545.
BRIGHAM, 1 mile W. from Cockermouth.
Popula. 6,037.

BRISCO, or BIRKSCEUGH, in St. Cuth-
bert's parish, Carlisle, and popula. in-
cluded therein. 24 miles S. from Car

lisle.

BROCKLEBANK, in Westward parish, and popula. included therein. BROOMFIELD, 5 miles S.W. from Wigton. Popula. 2,107.

BROUGHTON (Great), in Bridekirk parish, and popula. included therein. 5 miles N.W. from Cockermouth.

BROUGHTON (Little), in Bridekirk pa rish, and popula. included therein. miles N.W. from Cockermouth. BRUNSTOCK, in Crosby-upon-Eden pa rish, and popula. included therein. BUCKHOWBANK, in Dalston parish, and popula. included therein. 7 miles S.W from Carlisle. BURGH-UPON-THE-SANDS, 4 miles N.E. from Carlisle. Popula. 907. BURTHOLME, in Lanercost parish, and popula. included therein. 8 miles from Carlisle.

BURROWGATE, in Penrith parish, and popula. included therein. BUSTABECK, in Castle-Sowerby parish, and popula. included therein. 13 miles from Penrith.

BUTTERMERE, in Brigham parish, and popula. included therein. 31 miles S.W. from Penrith.

CALDBECK (High), 2 miles N.W. from Hesket-Newmarket. Popula. 1,588. CALDBECK-HALTCLIFF, in the above parish, and popula. included therein. CALDBECK (Low), in the above parish, and popula. included therein. CALTHWAITE, in Hesket parish, and popula. included therein.

CAMMERTON, 1 mile N. from Workington. Popula. 706.

CARGO, or CRAGHOW, in Stanwig parish, and popula. included therein. 21 miles from Carlisle.

CARLATTON (Extra Par.) Popula. 54. CARLETON, in St. Cuthbert's parish,

Carlisle, and popula. included therein. 2 miles S.S. E. from Carlisle. CARLETON, in Penrith parish, and popula. included therein.

CARLISLE, is a border town between

England and Scotland, seated at the extreme corner of the County of Cumberland, of which it is the capital town. It stands on rising ground, in what was a forest, and at the confluence of the rivers Caldew and Eden. It is 3044 miles N.N.W. from London. Its origin is unknown; or, at least, wrapped in obscurity; but it is supposed to be of the same antiquity as Severus's wall, and, indeed, to have been a fortress to that rampart. That it was a Roman station there is no doubt, from the number of Roman antiquities found in it. And even after the ravages committed by the Picts and Scots, on the Romans quitting England, it still remained a city. They devastated it and the surrounding country, and so it remained till Egfrid, king of Northumberland, ordered it to be rebuilt and fortified. He afterwards bestowed it on St. Cuthbert, the celebrated bishop of Lindisfarne, and it was then annexed to that see, and so continued till 1133, when Hen. I. made it a separate see. In the eighth and ninth centuries, Cumberland sustained its full share of the misfortunes of Danish invasion. These barbarians laid waste the greater part of the county, and utterly destroyed the city of Carlisle. It remained a mass of ruins for 200 years, when Walter, a priest, who followed William I. over from Normandy, repaired some of the habitations, and refounded a religious house that St. Cuthbert had founded there. William Rufus, on returning from Scotland, observing

the great importance of Carlisle as a frontier town, gave orders for its restoration; and this work he entrusted to Walter, who quickly erected public .buildings, a strong fortress, and a wall of circumvallation. From this time it became an important military station, and a curb to Scotch invaders. It was ceded to the Scotch king, David, by King Stephen, and was his place of retreat in 1138, after the battle of the standard. In 1173 it was again in possession of the English, and Malcolm, king of Scotland, besieged it without success. In the reign of King John, it was taken by Alexander, king of Scotland, but was repossessed by the English soon after. In 1296, the Scotch again besieged it, and burned the suburbs. In 1507, Edw. I. held a parliament here, in which some acts were passed to promote Edward's projected invasion of the Scotch. In the reign of Edw. II., it was besieged by Bruce, king of Scotland, but ineffectually. In 1358, it was again besieged by the Scotch, and a considerable part of it burned. In Aske's rebellion, in Henry VIII.th's time, it was besieged, but the garrison held out effectually. In the reign of Elizabeth it suffered much from the plague. In the civil wars it was besieged by the parliament forces, and taken with great difficulty; and, in 1745, it surrendered to the Pretender, being weakly garrisoned. Carlisle has not the appearance of an ancient town, if one considers the houses only. These have been so often destroyed or damaged, that new ones have been built, or repairs equalling new buildings have been necessary. The walls, and their towers, the three gates, English gate, Scotch gate, and Irish gate, the castle, and the cathedral, are the marks of its antiquity. It has three good streets, and is, besides, a pleasant and clean town. The castle still remains, and in good preservation. It consists of an outward and an inward ward, the walls of the former nine feet thick, those of the latter 12 feet thick; and within the latter is the tower, a square building, with walls of great thickness, and very lofty, and commanding an extensive view. The cathedral is handsome, and displays specimens of different styles of architecture, but, for the greater part, it is modern. The handsomest part of the building is the choir, and that was begun by Bishop Welton, in the reign of Edward III. There is only one church (St. Cuthbert's)

besides the cathedral. This city has received many charters at different times, that have been burned during the invasions it has suffered; and it is now governed under a charter granted as a confirmation of its claims, by a mayor, recorder, 12 aldermen, sheriff, 2 bailiffs, 2 coroners, 24 common councilmen, and inferior officers. It sends 2 members to parliament, and the right of election is in the freemen, of whom

there are 750 voters. The manufacturing carried on at Carlisle is of muslin, calico, and calico printing; and also of soap, and some other things. In these a great many hands are employed. The population is 15,476. There are markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays, and the fairs are, Aug. 26, for horned cattle and linen, Sept. 19, for horses and horned cattle, first and second Saturday after Oct. 10, for Scotch horned cattle. Here there were, an Augustine Priory of Monks, and a Nunnery, founded in the year 686; were destroyed in the Danish wars, but rebuilt by William Rufus, and Walter, a Norman priest. Income, 531l. 4s. 11d., now worth 10,624l. 18s. 4d. St. Nicholas Hospital, founded by the ancestors of Rich. I., for thirteen lepers; granted

33 Hen. VIII. CASTLECARROCK, 3 miles S. from Brampton. Popula. 346. CASTLE-SOWERBY, 2 miles E. from Hesket-Newmarket. Popula. 1,012. CATTERLEN, in Newton parish, and popula. included therein. 3 miles from Penrith.

CHAPEL-SUCKEN, in Millom parish, and popula. included therein. 5 miles from Ravenglass.

CLEATOR, 2 miles N. from Egremont. Popula. 818.

CLIFTON (Great), in Workington parish, and popula. included therein. 3 miles distant.

CLIFTON (Little), in Workington parish,

popula. included therein, and adjoining

the above. CLOFFOCK (Extra Par.) Popula, 11. Near Workington. COATHILL, in Wetheral parish, and popula. included therein. COCKERMOUTH, 303 miles N.W. from London. Popula. 3,790. Market, Mon.; fairs, Wed. after first Mon. in May, horned cattle, and every fortnight after

till Michaelmas, Oct. 10, horses and horned cattle. This town sends two members to parliament. The right of election is in the burgage tenures. The number of voters, 230.

COLEDALE, or PORTINGSCALE, in Crosthwaite parish, and popula. included therein. 24 miles from Keswick.

CORBY (Great), in Wetheral parish, and` popula. included therein, 3 miles E.S.E. from Carlisle.

CORBY (Little). in Warwick parish, and popula. included therein. mile from Great-Corby.

CORNEY, 2 miles S. from Ravenglass. Popula. 289.

CROGLIN, 4 miles N. from Kirk-Oswald. Popula. 348.

CROFTON-QUARTER, in Thursby pa rish, and popula. included therein. CROSBY-UPON-EDEN, 4 miles N.E. from Carlisle. Popula. 419.

CROSBY (High), in Crosby-upon-Eden parish, and popula. included therein. CROSBY (Low), in Crosby-upon-Eden parish, and popula. included therein. CROSBY, in Cross-Cannonby parish, and popula. included therein. 6 miles from Cockermouth.

CROSS-CANNONBY, 2 miles N. from Maryport. Popula. 3,870.

CROSTHWAITE, 1 mile N. from Keswick. Popula. 4,087.

CULGAITH, in Kirkland parish, and popula. included therein. 44 miles E. from Penrith.

CUMDEVOCH, in Dalston parish, and popula. included therein. 5 miles S.W. from Carlisle.

CUMMERSDALE, in St. Mary's parish, Carlisle, and popula. included therein. Adjoining Carlisle.

CUMREW, 5 miles N. from Kirk-Oswald. Popula. 231.

CUMWHITTON, 54 miles S.W. from Brampton. Popula, 544. CUMWHITTON, in Wetheral parish, and

popula. included therein. S miles S.E. from Carlisle.

DACRE, 3 miles S.W. from Penrith. Popula. 904.

DALSTON, 4 miles $, from Carlisle. Popula. 2,716,

DEAN, 5 miles S.W. from Cockermouth. FARLAM (West), in the parish of and Popula. 832.

DEAN-SCALES, in Dean parish, and po pula. included therein.

DEARHAM, 1 mile E. from Maryport. Popula. 1,136.

near to the above. Popula. included

therein.

FAUGH, in Hayton parish, and popula. included therein. 6 miles from Carlisle.

DENTON (Upper), 5 miles N.E. from FENTON, in Hayton parish, and popula.

Brampton. Popula. 100.

DENTON (Nether), 4 miles N.E. from Brampton. Popula. 287.

DISTINGTON, 9 miles S.W. from Cockermouth. Popula. 988. DOCHRAY, in Penrith parish, and popula. included therein.

DOVENBY, in Bridekirk parish, and popula. included therein. 2 miles from Cockermouth.

DRUMBURGH, in Bowness parish, and popula. included therein. & miles from Carlisle.

DUNDRAW, in Broomfield parish, and popula. included therein. 2 miles from Wigton.

DREGG, 2 miles N.W. from Ravenglass. Popula. 435.

EAGLESFIELD, in Brigham parish, and popula. included therein. 44 miles N. from Cockermouth.

EASBY, in Brampton parish, and popula. included therein. 6 miles from Carlisle.

EDENHALL, 2 miles N.E. from Penrith. Popula. 501.

EGREMONT, 298 miles N.W. from London. Popula. 1,741. Market, Sat. ; fair, Sept. 19.

ELLENBOROUGH, in Dearham parish, and popula. included therein. EMBLETON, in Brigham parish, and popula. included therein.

ENGLISH-STREET, in St. Cuthbert's parish, Carlisle, and popula. included therein.

ENNERDALE, in St. Bees parish, and popula. returned therein. 3 miles from Egremont.

ESKAT.-See Salter.

ESKDALE, in Bees parish, and popula. included therein. 2 miles S. from Whitehaven.

ETTERBY, in Stanwix parish, and popula. included therein. 1 mile from Carlisle.

included therein. 6 miles E. from Carlisle.

FINGLAND, in Bowness parish, and popula. included therein. 7 miles from Carlisle.

FLIMBY, 2 miles S. from Maryport. Popula. 376. FRIZINGTON (High and Low), in Arlecdon parish, and popula. included therein. 24 miles from Whitehaven. GAMBLESBY, in Addingham parish, and

popula. included therein. 3 miles S. from Kirk-Oswald.

GAMELSBY, in Aikton parish, and popula. included therein. GARRIGILL, in Aldstone parish, and

popula. included therein. 9 miles S.W. from Hexham.

GATES-GILL, in Dalston parish, and po pula. included therein. 4 miles from Carlisle.

GILCRUX, 5 miles N.E. from Maryport. Popula. 377.

GILL, in Greystock parish, and popula.

included therein. 5 miles from Penrith. GLASSONBY, in Addingham parish, and popula. included therein. 8 miles from Penrith.

GOSFORTH, 3 miles S. E. from Egremont. Popula. 888.

GOAT, in Bridekirk parish, and popula.

included therein.

GRAYSONTHEN, in Brigham parish, and popula. included therein. 34 miles W. from Cockermouth.

GREYSTOCK, 4 miles W. from Penrith. Popula. 2,419. Here was a Collegiate Church, founded before the year 1359, by William Lord Graystock; yearly income, 821. 14s., now worth 1,654l.: granted, 6 Elizabeth, to William Grice and Antony Foster.

GRINSDALE, 1 mile N.W. from Carlisle. Popula. 138.

HALE with WILTON, 2 miles S.E. from Egremont. Popula. 249.

FARLAM (East), 2 miles S.E. from HARRABY, in St. Cuthbert's parish, Car

Brampton. Popula, 663.

lisle, and popula. included therein.

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