ENGLAND;-in the second, SCOTLAND ;-and in the third, IRELAND. At "THE UNION," so emphatically styled, from the Two GOVERNMENTS being incorporated into one, in the 6th of ANNE, 1707, the FLEURS DE LIS were removed to the second quarter; and, out of respect to the Scotch nation, the CROSS OF ST. GEORGE and that of ST. ANDREW conjoined, were used in the Flags, Banners, Standards, and Ensigns of all descriptions, both by sea and land: But on the Accession of GEORGE the First, in 1714, the Royal atchievement was marshalled as follows; viz. Quarterly, in the first grand quarter, Mars, three Lions passant-guardant in pale, Sol, the Imperial Ensigns of England empaled with the Royal Arms of Scotland; which are, Sol, a Lion rampant with a double tressure flowered and counterflowered with Fleurs de Lis, Mars; the second quarter, the Royal Arms of France, viz. Jupiter, three Fleurs de Lis, Sol; the third, the Ensign of Ireland, which is Jupiter, an Harp Sol, stringed Luna; and the fourth grand quarter in his Majesty's own coat, viz. Mars, two Lions passant-guardant, Sol, for Brunswick, impaled with Lunenburg, which is Sol, semée of Hearts, proper, a Lion rampant, Jupiter, having antient Saxony, viz. Mars, an Horse courant, Luna ente, or grafted in base. In which state, the atchievement remained until the alteration made in compliment to the UNION with IRELAND; when, still further to honour the Irish nation, an order was given, that all FLAGS, BAN

NERS, STANDARDS, and ENSIGNS, should bear the THREE CROSSES of ST. GEORGE, ST. ANDREW, and ST. PATRICK, conjoined.

The introduction of THREE LIONS passant into the Royal arms, was by HENRY the Second. After the Conquest in 1066, the Kings of England bore TWO LEOPARDS, which were before the arms of "WILLIAM the First" as DUKE OF NORMANDY.. HENRY the Second in right of his mother, annexed her paternal coat, the LION OF Aquitaine, which having been of the same field, metal, and form with the LEOPARDS, they were from thenceforward jointly marshalled in one shield, and blazoned three LIONS as at present, instead of two LEOPARDS and one LION.

The FRENCH HERALDS call our LION passant guardant UN LEOPARD; or properly UN LEON LEOPARDE BUONAPARTE, therefore, when he vaunted that the EAGLES OF FRANCE should drive the BRITISH LEOPARDS* into the sea, may with much more probability be regarded as having used the common French Heraldic expression, instead of having cast a sneer, as was generally supposed, upon the substitution made by HENRY the Second, of the Lions for the Leopards before borne in the Arms of England.

* In the year 1235 the Emperor FREDERICK sent to HENRY the Third a present of three LEOPARDS, in token of what he considered the Royal arms. They were placed in the TOWER, and were the origin of the ROYAL MENAGERIE that has ever since been kept in that fortress; though some authors have stated that HENRY the First kept wild beasts there,

The whole of the ROYAL ARMS are included within a GARTER, around which is inscribed the motto of the ORDER OF ST. GEORGE, "HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y' PENSE;" with the device at the bottom, on a scroll, of " DIEU ET MON DROIT;" first assumed by RICHARD the First, to intimate that he did not hold his kingdom in vassalage to any mortal: and it was the PAROLE of the day given by that Monarch at the Battle of GISORS, A. D. 1198; from which time it was adopted as his particular motto, in token of the success he then obtained. EDWARD the Third took the same motto, which has been continued by his successors until this moment, with the exceptions of Queens ELIZABETH and ANNE, both of whom preferred "Semper eadem," i. e. always the same; and of King WILLIAM the Third, who chose "Je main tiendrai,” I will maintain. A gallant assumption, peculiarly appropriate to the circumstances under which he became Monarch of this kingdom; and bearing a close resemblance to the noble spirit of antient times; "I have impressed this treaty with the pommel of my sword," said CHARLEMAGNE to an ambassador, “and with the point I will maintain its condition."

MOTTOES OF SOVEREIGNS, and of STATES, may in general be regarded as the WAR CRIES of particular periods; though among NOBLES and OTHERS of less degree, in modern times, they are usually allusive to peculiar circumstances in

the histories of their families, or in some instances merely chosen according to the fancy of the party.

The SUPPORTERS to the ROYAL ARMS, are—on the Dexter side, a LION GARDANT, for ENGLAND; and on the Sinister, an UNICORN, for SCOTLAND; JAMES the First, as King of SCOTLAND, had Two UNICORNS, for his Supporters, and that gave reason to his carrying ONE when he ascended the united throne of the two kingdoms.

The title of DEFENDER OF THE FAITH, still retained in the Royal style, belonged antiently to the kings of England, though it had not been generally assumed by them. "We are and will be Defenders of the Catholic Faith," is an expression to be found in writs of RICHARD the Second. Pope LEO the Tenth *, in the in the year

* The following is a copy of what "The most Holy Bishop Pope LEO the Tenth" wrote to HENRY upon the occasion,

"We receive this Book with great joy; truly it is such, as nothing could have been sent more acceptable to us, and our venerable brethren. But indeed we know not whether more to praise, or to admire, that most potent, prudent, and truly most Christian King, who with his sword has totally subdued -the enemies of Christ's Church, that (like the heads of the Hydra, often cut off, and forthwith growing up again) has so often endeavoured to tear in pieces the seamless coat of CHRIST, And at length the enemies being vanquished, has settled in peace the Church of God and this holy See. And now having the knowledge, will, and ability of composing this Book against this terrible monster, has rendered himself no less admirable to the whole world by the eloquence of his style, than by his great wisdom. We render IMMORTAL thanks

1521, renewed that dignity, which was afterwards confirmed by CLEMENT the Seventh, in consequence of HENRY the Eighth having written an answer, then much esteemed, to LUTHER'S book on the Babylonian Captivity. Upon the suppression of the Monasteries, the Pope issued a bull, annulling this title; but his attempt was as futile in that respect, as was his silly effort to depose that Sovereign; the English Parliament, in the 35th year of HENRY's reign, established it beyond the power of change from foreign interposition, giving that Monarch not only a complete confirmation of the title, but the power of exercising it. The Pope's supremacy in England was totally suppressed, and the King acknowledged SUPREME HEAD OF THE CHURCH as well as of the STATE; thereby laying the foundation of that REFORMATION which was afterwards so completely and happily accomplished

to our Creator, who has raised up such a Prince, to defend his Church, and this holy See. Most humbly beseeching him bountifully to bestow on this great Prince a most happy life, and all other good things that he can wish for; and after this life to crown him in his celestial kingdom with a crown of eternal glory. We to our power, by God's assistance, shall not be wanting in the performance of any thing that may tend to the honour and dignity of his Majesty, and to his and his kingdom's glory."

LEO is stated by many authors to have accompanied this letter by the present of a CARDINAL'S CAP, from which circumstance it is alleged HENRY the Eighth is generally delineated with a cap of that description on his head instead of a crown.