The Architect, Engineer, and Operative Builder's Constructive Manual; Or, A Practical and Scientific Treatise on the Construction of Artificial Foundations for Buildings, Railways, &c: With a Comparative View of the Application of Piling and Concreting to Such Purpose ... To which is Added, an Analysis of the Principal Legal Enactments Affecting the Operations of the Practical Builder. Illustrated by Notes of Cases Occurring in Actual Practice

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J. Williams, 1839 - Foundations - 180 pages
 

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Page 2 - Rennie, in the centre of the commercial world, will subsist to tell the most distant generations, here was a rich, industrious, and powerful city. The traveller, on beholding this superb monument, will suppose that some great prince wished, by many years of labour, to consecrate for ever the glory of his life by this imposing structure. But if tradition instruct the traveller that six years sufficed for the undertaking and finishing of this work ; if he learns that an association of a number of private...
Page 40 - ... pulley. Since the tension of the cord is uniform throughout its length, it follows that in this machine the power and weight are equal. For the weight stretches that part of the cord which is between the weight and pulley, and the power stretches that part between the power and the pulley ; and since the tension throughout the whole length is the same, the weight must be equal to the power. Hence it appears that no mechanical advantage is gained by this machine.
Page 2 - This is the bridge of giants !' " If, from the incalculable effect of the revolutions which empires undergo, the nations of a future age should demand one day, what was formerly the New Sidon, and what has become of the Tyre of the West, which covered with her vessels every sea ? — most of the edifices, devoured by a destructive climate, will no longer exist to answer the curiosity of man by the voice of monuments ; but the...
Page 12 - To proceed to a greater 233 depth, the lengthening rods, before described, are put in requisition. The auger is detached from the handle by unscrewing it ; a piece of rod D is screwed in its place, and the auger screwed on to the rod. With the instrument thus lengthened seven or eight feet, the boring is renewed by means of the auger, as long as the earth is found to be sufficiently soft and yielding. Whenever it proves otherwise, or hard and rocky, the auger is detached from the rod, and the chisel...
Page 125 - H, which directs the course of the heat and' flames throughout the whole mass of the lime ; the lowermost and principal portion of which attains a white heat, the upper a red heat, and the intervening portions the intermediate gradations of temperature. " When the kiln is completely charged with lime, the openings in front...
Page 13 - ... chisel in this way, recourse is had to pecking, which is done by lifting up the implement and striking it against the opposing substance till it is chipped away, or reduced to powder, to a certain depth. The rod and chisel are then again drawn up, and the auger substituted for the chisel, for the purpose of extracting the pulverized stony matter contained in the hole. The chisel and the auger are thus employed alternately where the ground is hard and stony — the one for chipping away, or pulverizing,-...
Page xxiv - It consists for the most part of rather fine grains of quartz, with a few spangles of mica, cemented by clay and oxide of iron. Its colour is generally brownish red, and it has but little cohesion ; on which account large tracts of loose deep sand are found in many parts of it. Sometimes it occurs nearly of a cream colour, and is then sufficiently hard to form an excellent building stone : it does not effervesce with acids, and no shells or other organic remains have been found in it.
Page 28 - He knew very well that under the layer of pot-earth there was no other good ground to be found till he came to the low-water mark of the Thames, at least forty feet lower. His artificers proposed to him to pile, which he refused, for though piles may last for ever when always in water (otherwise London Bridge would fall), yet if they are driven...
Page 49 - Notwithstanding the momentum, or force of a body in motion, is as the weight multiplied by the velocity, or simply as its velocity, when the weight is given or constant ; yet the effect of the blow will be nearly as the square of that velocity ; the effect being the quantity the pile is driven into the ground by the stroke. For the force of the blow, transferred to the pile, being destroyed in some certain definite time by the friction of the part within .the earth, which is nearly a constant quantity,...

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