A Mechanistic Approach to Plankton EcologyThe three main missions of any organism--growing, reproducing, and surviving--depend on encounters with food and mates, and on avoiding encounters with predators. Through natural selection, the behavior and ecology of plankton organisms have evolved to optimize these tasks. This book offers a mechanistic approach to the study of ocean ecology by exploring biological interactions in plankton at the individual level. The book focuses on encounter mechanisms, since the pace of life in the ocean intimately relates to the rate at which encounters happen. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
12 The Encounter Problem | 4 |
13 This Book | 8 |
Random Walk and Diffusion | 10 |
Bacterial Motility | 14 |
23 Ficks First Law | 17 |
24 Diffusion to or from a Sphere | 18 |
25 Feeding on Solutes | 20 |
58 Attack or Fleethe Dilemma of a Parasitic Copepod | 95 |
59 Maximal Signals Optimal Sensitivity and the Role of Turbulence | 96 |
510 The Evolutionary Arms Race | 98 |
Zooplankton Feeding Rates and Bioenergetics | 101 |
The Functional Response in Oithona davisae | 104 |
63 Other Functional Responses | 105 |
Prey Selection | 107 |
65 Prey Switching | 113 |
26 Maximum and Optimum Cell Size | 22 |
Large yet Small | 24 |
28 Diffusion Feeding | 26 |
Feeding in Nauplii | 28 |
210 Bacteria Colonizing a Sphere | 30 |
211 Effect of Shape | 31 |
Chemical Signals | 32 |
Diffusion and Advection | 35 |
33 Flow around a Sinking Sphere | 37 |
34 Mass Transport to a Sinking Sphere | 39 |
Oxygen Distribution around a Sinking Sphere | 40 |
Osmotrophs Diffusion Feeders and Bacterial Colonization of Sinking Particles | 43 |
Re Pe and Sh for Turbulence | 45 |
SmallScale Heterogeneity | 49 |
Mate Finding in Copepods | 50 |
Particle Encounter by Advection | 57 |
Flagellate Feeding | 58 |
Comparison of Encounter Mechanisms | 60 |
Encountering Prey in Calm Water | 67 |
46 Turbulence and PredatorPrey Encounter Rates | 69 |
Feeding of the Copepod Acartia tonsa in Turbulence | 72 |
48 When Is Turbulence Important for Enhancing PredatorPrey Contact Rates? | 74 |
Negative Effects of Turbulence on PredatorPrey Interactions | 75 |
Ballistic versus Diffusive Motility | 77 |
Hydromechanical Signals in the Plankton | 83 |
Deformation and vorticity | 85 |
Prey Perceiving Predator | 87 |
Predator Perceiving Prey | 88 |
55 To What Flow Components Does a Copepod Respond? | 89 |
56 Sensitivity to Hydrodynamic Signals | 91 |
Egg Production Efficiency in a Copepod | 115 |
68 Scaling of Feeding and Growth Rates | 117 |
69 Feast and Famine in the Plankton | 118 |
Population Dynamics and Interactions | 122 |
Phytoplankton Blooms | 123 |
73 Phytoplankton Population Dynamics and Aggregate Formation | 125 |
74 Phytoplankton Growth and Light Limitation | 127 |
75 Scaling of Growth and Mortality Rates | 128 |
Life Tables | 130 |
Critical Population Size and Allee Effects | 133 |
78 LifeHistory Strategies | 135 |
79 Interacting Populations | 140 |
710 From Individual to Population | 149 |
Structure and Function of Pelagic Food Webs | 151 |
81 Two Pathways in Pelagic Food Webs | 152 |
Conditions for Phytoplankton Development | 154 |
Nutrient Input and Sinking Flux | 155 |
Empirical Evidence | 158 |
85 Cell Size and Nutrient Uptake | 161 |
86 Cell Size Turbulence and Sinking | 162 |
87 Cell Size Turbulence and Light | 164 |
88 Why Are Not All Phytoplankters Small? The Significance of Predation | 165 |
Examples | 166 |
The Paradox of the Plankton | 170 |
811 Fisheries and Trophic Efficiency | 173 |
812 Fertilizing the OceanIncreasing the Fishery and Preventing Global Warming? | 177 |
183 | |
205 | |