THE RESCUE OF CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH, BY THE subject selected for the principal illustration All made him think they would fat him to eat him. Yet in this desperate estate to defend him from the cold, one Maocassater brought him his gown, in requital of some beads and toys Smith had given him on his first arrival in Virginia. shoulders painted red, with oil and pocones mingled together, which scarlet-like colour made an exceeding handsome show, his bow in his hand, and the skin of a bird with her wings abroad dried, tied on his head, a piece of copper, a white shell, a long feather, with a small rattle growing at the tails of their snakes tied to it, or some such like toy. this while Smith and the king stood in the midst "The savages having drawn from George Cassen guarded, as before is said, and after three dances whither Capt. Smith was gone, prosecuting that op- they all departed. Smith they conducted to a long portunity, they followed him with three hundred house, where thirty or forty tall fellows did guard bowmen, conducted by the king of Pamaunkee, who him, and ere long more bread and venison was in divisions searching the turnings of the river, found brought him than would have served twenty men, I Robinson and Emry by the fireside, those they shot think his stomach at that time was not very good; full of arrows and slew. Then finding the Captain, what he left they put in baskets and tied over his as is said, that used the savage that was his guide head. About midnight they set the meat again beas his shield (three of them being slain and divers fore him, all this time not one of them would eat a others so galled) all the rest would not come near bit with him, till the next morning they brought him him. Thinking thus to have returned to his boat, re- as much more, and then did they eat all the old, and garding them, as he marched, more than his way, slip-reserved the new as they had done the other, which ped up to the middle in an oasie creek and his savage with him, yet durst they not come to him till being nearly dead with cold, he threw away his arms. Then according to their composition they drew him forth and led him to the fire, where his men were slain. Diligently they chafed his benumbed limbs. Two days after, a man would have slain him (but He demanding for their captain, they shewed him that the guard prevented it) for the death of his son, Opechankanough, king of Pamaunkee, to whom he to whom they conducted him to recover the poor gave a round ivory compass-dial. Much they mar-man then breathing his last. Smith told them that velled at the playing of the fly and needle, which at Jamestown he had a water would do it, if they they could see so plainly, and yet not touch it, be- would let him fetch it, but they would not permit cause of the glass that covered them. But when he that, but made all the preparations they could to asdemonstrated by the globe-like jewel, the roundness sault Jamestown, craving his advice, and for recomof the earth, and skies, the sphere of the sun, moon, pense he should have life, liberty, land, and women. and stars, and how the sun did chase the night round In part of a table-book he wrote his mind to them at about the world continually; the greatness of the the fort, what was intended, how they should follow land and sea, the diversity of nations, variety of com- that direction to affright the messengers, and without plexions, and how we were to them Antipodes, and fail send him such things as he wrote for. And an many other such like matters, they all stood as ama-inventory with them. The difficulty and danger, he zed with admiration. Notwithstanding, within an hour after they tied him to a tree, and as many as could stand about him prepared to shoot him, but the king holding up the compass in his hand, they all laid down their bows and arrows, and in a triumphant manner led him to Orapaks, where he was after their manner kindly feasted, and well used. Their order in conducting him was thus: drawing themselves all in file, the king in the midst had all their pieces and swords borne before him. Captain Smith was led after him by three great savages, holding him fast by each arm, and on each side went six in file with their arrows knocked. But arriving at the town (which was but only thirty or forty hunting-houses made of mats, which they remove as they please, as we our tents) all the women and children staring to behold him, the soldiers first all in file performed the form of a Bissom so well as could be, and on each flank, officers as sergeants to see them keep their orders. A good time they continued this exercise, and then cast themselves in a ring, dancing in such several postures, and singing and yelling out such hellish notes and screeches, being strangely painted, every one his quiver of arrows, and at his back a club, on his arm a fox or an otter's skin, or some such matter for his vambrace, their heads and In quoting from this work, the orthography of the narrative has been changed, but the style is preserved. told the savages, of the mines, great guns, and other engines exceedingly affrighted them, yet according to his request they went to Jamestown, in as bitter weather as could be of frost and snow, and within three days returned with an answer. But when they came to Jamestown, seeing men sally out as he had told them they would, they fled; yet in the night they came again to the same place where he had told them they should receive an answer, and such things as he had promised them, which they found accordingly, and with which they returned with no small expedition, to the wonder of them all that heard it, that he could either divine, or the paper could speak; then they led him to the Youthtanunds, the Mattapanients, the Payankatanks, the Nantaughtacunds, and Onawmanients upon the rivers of Rappahannock, and Patawomek, over all those rivers, and back again by divers other several nations, to the king's habitation at Pamaunkee, where they entertained him with most strange and fearful conjurations : As if near led to hell, made in a long house, and a mat spread on the one Not long after, early in a morning, a great fire was side, as on the other; on the one they caused him to sit, and all the guard went out of the house, and presently came skipping in a great grim fellow, all his brains, Pocahontas, the king's dearest daughter, And having life suspected, doth painted over with coal, mingled with oil; and many heads bedecked with the white down of birds; but snakes and weasels' skins stuffed with moss, and all every one with something: and a great chain of their tails tied together, so as they met on the crown white beads about their necks. At his entrance beof his head in a tassel; and round about the tassel fore the king, all the people gave a great shout. The was as a coronet of feathers, the skins hanging round queen of Appamatuck was appointed to bring him about his head, back, and shoulders, and in a manner water to wash his hands, and another brought him covered his face; with a hellish voice and a rattle a bunch of feathers, instead of a towel to dry them: in his hand. With most strange gestures and pas- having feasted him after their best barbarous manner sions he began his invocation, and environed the fire they could, a long consultation was held, but the with a circle of meal; which done, three more such conclusion was, two great stones were brought belike devils came rushing in with the like antique fore Powhatan: then as many as could laid hands tricks, painted half black, half red: but all their eyes on him, dragged him to them, and thereon laid his were painted white, and some red strokes like mus-head, and being ready with their clubs, to beat out taches, along their cheeks: round about him those fiends danced a pretty while, and then came in three more as ugly as the rest; with red eyes, and white strokes over their black faces, at last they all sat down right against him; three of them on the one hand of the chief priest, and three on the other. Then all with their rattles began a song, which ended, the chief priest laid down five wheat corns, then straining his arms and hands with such violence that he sweat, and his veins swelled, he began a short oration at the conclusion they all gave a short groan; and then laid down three grains more. After that, began their song again, and then another oration, ever laying down as many corns as before, till they . had twice encircled the fire; that done, they took a bunch of little sticks prepared for that purpose, continuing still their devotion, and at the end of every song and oration, they laid down a stick betwixt the divisions of corn. Till night, neither he nor they SAMUEL BRADY, the hero of the following advendid either eat or drink, and then they feasted merri-ture, was over six feet in height, with light-blue eyes, ly, with the best provisions they could make. Three fair skin, and dark hair: he was remarkably straight days they used this ceremony; the meaning where- and athletick, a bold and vigorous backwoodsman, of they told him, was to know if he intended them inured to all the toils and hardships of a frontier life, well or no. The circle of meal signified their coun- and had become very obnoxious to the Indians, from try, the circles of corn the bounds of the sea; and the numerous successful attacks on their war-parties, the sticks his country. They imagined the world and from shooting them in his hunting excursions, to be flat and round, like a trencher, and they in the whenever they crossed his path, or came within midst. After this they brought him a bag of gunpow-reach of his rifle; for he was personly engaged in der, which they carefully preserved till the next spring, to plant as they did their corn: because they would be acquainted with the nature of that seed. Opitchapam, the king's brother, invited him to his house, where, with as many platters of bread, fowl, and wild beasts, as did environ him, he bid him welcome; but not any of them would eat a bit with him, but put up all the remainder in baskets. At his return to Opechancanough's, all the king's women, and their children, flocked about him for their parts, as a due by custom, to be merry with such fragments. But his waking mind in hideous dreams did oft see wondrous shapes Of bodies strange, and huge in growth, and of stupendous makes. At last they brought him to Meronocomoco, where was Powhatan their emperour. Here more than two hundred of those grim courtiers stood wondering at him, as he had been a monster; till Powhatan and his train had put themselves in their greatest braveries. Before a fire upon a seat like a bedstead, he sat covered with a great robe, made of Rackoon skins, and all the tails hanging by. On either hand did sit a young wench of sixteen or eighteen years, and along on each side the house, two rows of men, and behind them as many women, with all their heads and shoulders painted red; many of their LEGEND OF BRADY'S HILL. more hazardous contests with the savages, than any other man west of the mountains, excepting Daniel Boone. He was in fact an "Indian hater," as many of the borderers were. This class of men appear to have been more numerous in this region, than in any other portion of the frontiers, and this doubtless arose from the slaughter at Braddock's defeat, and the numerous murders and attacks on defenceless families that for many years followed that disaster. Brady was also a very successful trapper and hunter, and took more beavers than any of the Indians themselves. In one of his adventurous excursions, to the waters of the Beaver river, or Mahoning, which in early days so abounded with the animals of this species, that it took its name from the fact, it so happened that the Indians surprised him in his camp and took him prisoner. To have shot or tomahawked him on the spot would have been but a small gratification of satiating their revenge by burning him at a slow fire, in the presence of all the Indians of their village. He was therefore taken alive to their encampment, on the west bank of the Beaver river, about a mile and a half from its mouth. After the usual exultations and rejoicings at the capture of a noted enemy, and causing him to run the gauntlet, a fire was prepared, near which Brady was placed, after being stripped naked, and with his arms unbound. Previously to tying him to the stake, a large circle was formed around him, consisting of Indian men, women and children, dancing and yelling and uttering all manner of threats and abuse that their small knowledge of the English language could afford. The prisoner looked on these preparations of death, and on his savage foes, with a firm countenance and a steady eye, meeting all their threats with a truly savage fortitude. In the midst of their dancing and rejoicing, a squaw of one of their chiefs came near him with a child in her arms. Quick as thought, and with intuitive presence, he snatched it from her and threw it into the midst of the flames. Horrourstruck at the sudden outrage, the Indians simultaneously rushed to rescue the infant from the fire. In the midst of this confusion, Brady darted from the circle, overturning all that came in his way, and rushed into the adjacent thickets with the Indians at his heels. He ascended the steep side of the present hill, amidst a shower of bullets, and darting down the opposite declivity, secreted himself in the deep ravine and laurel thickets that abound for several miles to the west of it. His knowledge of the country and wonderful activity, enabled him to elude his enemies, and reach the settlements on the south of the Ohio river, which he crossed by swimming. The hill near whose base this adventure is said to have happened, still goes by his name, and the incident is often referred to by the traveller, as the coach is slowly dragged up its side. Brady's Leap-Captain Brady seems to have been as much the Daniel Boone of the northeast part of the valley of the Ohio, as the other was of the southwest, and the country is equally full of traditionary legends of his hardy adventures and hairbreadth escapes, although he has lacked a Flint to chronicle his fame, and transmit it to posterity in the glowing and beautiful language of that distinguished annalist of the West. From undoubted authority, it seems the following incident actually transpired in this vicinity: their commander to the Indian village, lying on the river in the present township of Northampton in Portage county. As he approached the chasm, Brady, knowing that life or death was in the effort, concentrated his mighty powers and leaped the stream at a single bound. It so happened that, in the opposite cliff, the leap was favoured by a low place, into which he dropped, and grasping the bushes, he thus helped himself to ascend to the top of the cliff. The Indians, for a few moment, were lost in wonder and admiration, and before they had recovered their recollection, he was halfway up the side of the opposite hill, but still within reach of their rifles. They could easily have shot him any moment before, but being bent on taking him alive, for torture, and to glut their long delayed revenge, they forbore the use of the rifle; but now seeing him likely to escape, they all fired upon him; one bullet wounded him severely, in the hip, but not so badly as to prevent his progress. The Indians having to make a considerable circuit before they could cross the stream, Brady advanced a good distance ahead. His limb was growing stiff from the wound and as the Indians gained on him, he made for the pond which bears his name, and plunged in, swam under water a considerable distance, and came up under the trunk of a large oak, which had fallen into the pond. This, although leaving only a small breathing place to support life, still completely sheltered him from their sight. The Indians tracing him by the blood to the water, made diligent search all round the pond, but finding no signs of his exit, finally came to the conclusion that he had sunk and was drowned. As they were at one time standing on the very tree beneath which he was concealed, Brady understanding their language was very glad to hear the result of their deliberations, and after they had gone, weary, lame, and hungry, he made good his retreat to his own home. His followers, also, returned in safety. The chasm across which he leaped is in sight of the bridge where we crossed the Cuyahoga and is known in all that region, by the name of "Brady's Leap." Silliman's Journal. THE PITCHER-PLANT. THERE is not, perhaps, among the numerous examples that occur of the provident economy of Nature in the vegetable part of the creation, a more remarkable instance of contrivance adapted to circumstances, or of means suited to the end, than that which is displayed in this wonderful plant, the Nepenthes distillatoria, or pitcher-plant. Brady's residence was on Chartier's creek, on the south side of the Ohio, as before noted; and being a man of Herculean strength, courage, and activity, he was generally selected as the leader of the hardy borderers in all their incursions into the Indian territory north of the river. On this occasion, which was about the year 1780, a large party of warriours from the falls of the Cuyahoga, and the adjacent country, had made an inroad on the south side of the Ohio river, in the lower part of what is now Washington county, but which was then known as the settlement of "Catfish camp," after an old Indian of that name, who lived there when the whites first came into the country, on the Monongahela Being the inhabitant of a tropical climate, and river. This party had murdered several families, found on the most stony and arid situations, Nature and with the plunder had recrossed the Ohio before has furnished it with the means of an ample supply effectual pursuit could be made. By Brady, a party of moisture, without which it would wither and perwas directly summoned, of his chosen followers, ish. To the footstalk of each leaf, and near the who hastened on after them; but the Indians having one or two days the start, he could not overtake them in time to arrest their return to their villages. Near the spot where the town of Ravena now stands, the Indians separated into two parties, one of which went to the north, and the other west, to the falls of the Cuyahoga. Brady's men also divided; a part pursued the northern trail, and a part went with base, is attached a small bag, shaped like a pitcher, of the same consistence and colour of the leaf in the early stage of its growth, but changing with age to a reddish-purple; it is girt round with an oblique band or hoop, and covered with a lid neatly fitted, and moveable on a kind of hinge or strong fibre, which, passing over the handle, contracts the vessel with the leaf. By the construction of this fibre the along the side of a steep hill, climbing nearly to the top, where a bench stands in the shade, before a door in the rock. We sat down to become perfectly cool before entering, while the guide unlocked the door, produced candles and matches, and made his preparations, and here our party completed their equipments; M. and myself laid aside our bonnets, and Mr. S. gallantly made turbans for our heads of coloured handkerchiefs. R. tied his handkerchief over his shoulders in the fashion of a cloak. The guide gave each a candlestick formed of a curved sheet of tin to protect the eyes from the light. We surveyed ourselves in the polished mirrors they afforded, and then entered one by one. I cannot follow our course, for we went up and down, through a narrow, slippery passage, our overshoes often adhering to the clay of the floor. We passed through openings just large enough to admit us stooping to the very earth, and then stood in halls more than fifty feet high. Now we descended on narrow steep ladders, and then climbed piles of rocks, or made a circuit to avoid falling into some deep pit. A map of the cave resembles somewhat the chain of lakes on our Northern boundary, repeated several times. But let me try to systematize. The first object that attracted our attention was the wall of the passage set thick with rugged stalactites. It was a close heavy fringe, covering roof and sides like long icicles, and here let me remark that these formations have not the brilliancy usually ascribed to them except when examined closely with candles. When the light is held behind them they are seen to be transparent and of a rich flame colour. As we passed on, we found the shapes and dispositions of these formations infinitely varied-sometimes they hung in long pointed leaves, depending to the floor, and sometimes in graceful folds like drapery. Our guide conducted us into an opening called the musick room, and striking the columns drew from one spot the sound of a heavy drum, from another, that of a tambarine, and from some small tubes an excellent imitation of the Pandean pipes. Farther on, he struck the rocks with a staff and the whole apartment vibrated under the heavy gong; the sound was so deafening that we held our hands over our ears for pain. We next entered what is called the ballroom, from having been occasionally used for that purpose; it is wide and high, and the dim light of our scattered candles made it seem vast. As we passed out of it and groped our way onward, sweet distant sounds seemed to glide before us; sometimes distinct, and again seemingly lost in some deep cavern beneath or floating through the arches above us. It was our guide's companion, who had preceded us with a flute. We descended a natural stair called Jacob's ladder; this and many other passes are narrow and difficult, and all who attempt them must depend entirely on their own exertions and WE awoke refreshed after the fatigue of our visit strength, as no one can assist another with safety. to the Natural bridge, and ready to continue our Here in odd conjunction with the leaning tower of pilgrimage to the shrine of all-wonderful nature. Pisa, and Cleopatra's needle, are Jefferson's hall, Our drive to Staunton was without incident, and Congress hall, and Washington hall. This last early the next day, we took a comfortable carriage apartment filled me with awe from the vastness for the cavern ten miles from that place. Nothing which belonged to it in that imperfect light. It on the way indicated the existence of such a place, rises far above the rays of the candles, and is lost and when we reached the little inn kept by the in black obscurity. The candle of the guide at the guide, I could have found it in my heart to doubt. opposite end of it, seemed to us a mere point of light. We made our toilet for the occasion, and proceeded Near the centre stands a colossal stalagmite, so like lid is drawn open whenever the weather is showery or dews fall, which would appear to be just the contrary of what usually happens in Nature, though the contraction is probably occasioned by the hot and dry atmosphere, and the expansion of the fibre does not take place till the moisture has fallen and saturated the pitcher. When this is the case the cover falls down and closes so firmly as to prevent any evaporation from taking place. The water being gradually absorbed through the handle into the footstalk, gives vigour to the leaf and sustenance to the plant. As soon as the pitchers are exhausted, the lids again open to admit whatever moisture may fall, and when the plant has produced its seed and the dry season sets in, it withers, and all the covers of the pitchers stand open. Can any thing more than the mechanism of this singular production, evince the Divine benevolence. AMERICAN CAVERNS. WYER'S CAVE, STAUNTON, VA. [Extract from a Journal kept on a Tour from Charleston, South Carolina to New York.] prescribed these fasts as a part of the regimen necessary in this warm region, as well as from religious views. The following description of the carnival at Rome, is from an eyewitness : ! a statue wrapped in drapery, that one can hardly dispel the illusion; this is Washington at a distance; approach it, and it becomes a shapeless mass of stone, dripping muddy water. Lady Washington's apartment boasts a mirror, fringed hangings, and For a long time previous, preparations were going countless folds of drapery. The guide placed his on for this famous festival-masks were displayed light behind these stone curtains, and showed us as at every shop, and masquerade-dresses of every he said "not only a hem but a border." The tower form and fashion, adorned the heads of the giddy of Babel is a large circular rock, with a fluted sur-throng, for many days before its commencement. face, looking like columns bound together. Solo- On Friday, men mounted on horses in showy cosmon's throne is a lofty chair with steps and a cush-tume, paraded the streets, with flags of gold and silion, though I must confess it needs something from ver tissue, velvet, and rich silks, the involuntary the fancy. Objects of interest are found at every donation of the despised Jews, who are also comstep-figures of animals, birds, trees, human features, pelled to defray the expenses of the races. It is and even profiles stand as memorials of nature's said that in former times they were compelled to freakish moods, and the grotesque shapes in which race themselves for the amusement of their more no resemblance to particular things may be traced, favoured fellow-beings, but are now indulged with are found hanging and standing and lying about in the privilege of substituting horses. wild gracefulness, like the tracery of frost executed On Saturday, at about two o'clock, the great bell in stone. We had a delicious draught of cool water of the capitol announced the commencement of the which falls in drops from the rock; some thoughtful sport; the Corso was already filled with coaches, mortal has placed beneath it a vessel fashioned in and persons on foot of every nation under the sun, the world above, that wearied pilgrims may be re- but the masks were few. Some ceremonies I unfreshed. But the darkness, the stillness, and the derstood went on at the capitol, which I did not witecho that every sound calls forth, in this subterrane-ness, in which a deputation of the Jews, formally ous world, were to us most striking; they gave the petitioned the governour of the city, for permision to scene its sublimity, though the impression is strange- remain in it another year, which he grants on conly at variance with the minute examination of perpet-dition of their paying the costs of the races, &c. ually-changing objects, and the frequent discovery The military paraded the Corso with much display, of ludicrous caricatures. Our guide awakened the and soon after, the governour and senator (Rome echoes by a song, to which his fine voice gave full has but one now) swept through it in a pompous effect, and Mr. S. stunned us by firing the pistol. procession of gilded coaches, decked out in all the The pistol! if this companion of our journey has not frippery of bad taste, and glitter of real gold and brass. before received its due notice, let it be here recorded It added, however, as much to the show as harlethat its one effort was not to die away in sound. We quins' many-coloured jackets, or Pulcinello's long were tired enough when our guide announced the nose and pot of macaroni. These ended, the fun end; but all our steps were to be retraced before and merriment commenced; showers of sugar-nuts we could rest. Our candles were burned low, and (made for the purpose of plaster, and an apology for the fearful thought of being left in darkness in such sugar) were exchanged by those in coaches as they a place suggested itself, not as a thing to be appre-passed-a general pelting from the windows, and hended, for we knew that our guide had provided against such misfortune, but as the climax of all possible horrours. To increase the effect, we were listening to a tale from the guide, of a foreigner to whom it once happened, and whose guide found the way out, after hours of peril. At last, we saw gleams | of pale light beginning to contend with the red glare. The effect of suddenly emerging into daylight, after three hours in the cave was strange enough, and resuming the temperature of the world without was as uncomfortable as singular. Worn out as we were, we could not avoid laughing at our plight, covered as we stood with a plaster of red mud over our strange attire. Southern Rose. THE CARNIVAL AT ROME. THE same views which led men to propitiate the higher invisible powers by gifts, sacrifices, and purifications, also introduced fasts, abstinence from pleasure, and penances. By fasts is meant an abstinence from the usual means of nourishment, in order to mortify the appetites, and thereby to propitiate the Deity. In every nation of importance, customs of this kind are found. Their historical origin is in the religious customs of the East, where the priests were originally the physicians of the people, and those on foot, presented a scene of confusion and At the sound of the trumpet, fifteen or sixteen ponies made their appearance, with grooms at their heads dressed in all the extravagance of finery peculiar to the Roman peasants, who with difficulty could arrange the animals against a rope stretched across the street. At a signal given, it dropped and away they went like lightning, dashing up the Corso as if a thousand furies were at their heels. Leaden balls, suspended by strings and filled with needles, |