ecute. And however much he might need and desire the immense gains which he very justly anticipated from the commercial part of the enterprise, we have no doubt that his chief desire was the opportunity of a wild tramp home, through our immense wilds and savage tribes. More than a year was consumed in abortive negociations for this purpose, in which he had almost succeeded several times, with the patriotic Robert Morris and others. At length dispairing of success in this country, he sailed for Spain in June 1784; and thence to France, pursuing the same object with increasing ardor-with occasionally greater hopes of successand with the like total defeat. In France he met with a very kindred spirit, in the person of the famous Paul Jones, who advanced him money, of which he was destitute, and who at one time entered deeply into his plans, and made extensive arrangements for embarking with him personally in the expedition. He also became intimate there with Mr. Jefferson, Lafayette, and other men of distinction; and had the address to win their respect and confidence and pecuniary aid. In a letter to his cousin in America, he says, at this

time:

You wonder by what means I exist, having brought with me to Paris this time twelve months only three louis d'ors. Ask vice-consuls, consuls, ministers, and plenipotentiaries, all of whom have been tributary to me. You think I joke. No; upon my honor, and, however irreconcileable to my temper, disposition, and education, it is nevertheless strictly true. Every day of my life, my dear cousin, is a day of expectation, and consequently a day of disappointment. Whether I shall

morsel of bread to eat at the end .. months, is as much an uncerit was fourteen months ago, ore so. The near approach, so often made to each exppiness and distress, withly entering into either, has

rendered me so hardy, that I can meet either with composure. pp. 167, 168.

He now began to turn his eye to the east, resolved to search his object by land across the north of Europe and Asia, as he could not make his passage to the west by sea. To this end Mr. Jefferson, who warmly patronised this project, put matters in a train for obtaining the requisite passport from the Empress Catharine to traverse her dominions. But before an answer was returned from the Russian court, Ledyard was delightfully surprised by an invitation to London, sent him by an eccentric English gentleman who had met with him in France, with an offer of a free passage in a ship then just ready to sail for the desired coast. It is needless to say that he at once accepted the proposal and was soon on board. A present of twenty guineas from his eccentric friend, who was Sir James Hall, enabled him to purchase "two great dogs, an Indian pipe, and a hatchet." This singular outfit was designed as an equipment for his ultimate tour across the American continent. His dogs were to be his companions and his guard, and to assist in taking game for food; his hatchet was for convenience; and his pipe for an emblem of peace.

The vessel went down the Thames and put to sea. Now was "the hap piest moment of his life." But she was not out of sight of land before she was brought back by an order from government. On this he wrote to Dr. Ledyard as follows:

I am still the slave of fortune, and the son of care. You will be surprised that I am yet in London, unless you conclude with me, that, after what has happened, nothing can be surprising. I think my last letter informed you, that I was absolutely embarked on board a ship in the Thames, bound to the Northwest Coast of America. This will inform you, that I have disembarked from said ship, on account of her having been unfortunately seized by the cus

tom-house, and eventually exchequer ed; and that I am obliged in consequence to alter my route; and, in short, every thing, all my baggage-shield, buckler, lance, dogs, squire, and all gone. I only am left;-left to what? To some riddle, I'll warrant you; or at all events, I will not warrant any thing else. My heart is too much troubled

at this moment to write you as I ought to do. I will only add, that I am going in a few days to make the tour of the globe from London east on foot. I dare not write you more, nor introduce you to the real state of my affairs. Farewell. Fortitude! Adieu. pp. 170, 177. (To be Continued.)

Gymnasium at New-Haven.-This institution just established by the Messrs. Dwights on a very liberal scale, is now opened, with flattering prospects. From forty-five to fifty scholars are engaged, of whom thirty have arrived. The Instructors are,

Rev.

M...IS. E. DWIGHT and & Principals. Prof. ANDREWS, late of the University of North Carolina, Teacher of Latin. Mr. JOSEPH A. PIZARRO, late Teacher of Spanish in Partridge's Military Academy.

Mr. CHAS. A. COULOMB, late Teacher of French in Nassau Hall. Mr. SOLOMON STODDARD, Jr., Teacher of the Greek Language. Mr. STYLES FRENCH, Teacher of Mathematics.

Mr. ALDYS S. ALLEN, Teacher of Penmanship, Gymnastics, and Music.

The Instructors in the German and Italian Languages are not yet arrived. We purpose to give a more full account of the institution at another time.

Aldenia. The Rev. Timothy Alden, President of Alleghany College, following the example of the Bishop of Ohio, has laid out a village with this name, in honor of the benefactors of the College. Two of the streets are called Winthrop and Bentley streets, in memory of the late Hon. James Winthrop, and the late Rev. Dr. Bentley, the two greatest benefactors of the institution; another is named Thomas Alley, after the late Isaiah Thomas, Esq. of Worcester.

Moral power of the Press.-The value of the press as an auxiliary in the cause of benevolence is strikingly

exhibited in the following estimate. Without the aid of printing some of our noblest institutions, as the Bible and Tract Societies, could not even exist, and all the benevolent operations of the age would be reduced to a very limited scale.

It is announced in the London Times,

that that paper is now printed with an improved machine which takes off the astonishing number of four thousand copies in an hour, or seventy in a minthe contents of one of the numbers of ute. It is computed that to write out that paper would employ an amanuensis six days; and as about 8000 copies are circulated daily, it would constantly require 48,000 persons to accomplish what is now done with one press.

The American Bible Society is now prepared to print at the rate of three hundred thousand copies of the Scriptures yearly. We shall leave it to our readers to make the estimate how maduce Bibles at this rate, together with ny scribes would be requisite to prothe number of buildings, desks, &c. which would be necessary for their accommodation.

But this is not the whole view of the

matter. The great saving of paper is to be taken into the account-to say nothing of the comparative neatness of execution. "The paper requisite for an amanuensis to write out in an ordinary hand, the contents of the Times newspaper, would cost twelve times as much as the paper used for printing it; the great bulk of this paper would. make it very inconvenient to read, and almost impossible to circulate, the jour

nal.

"The importance of compression then is obvious, and if, for the sake of it, the amanuensis should be obliged to compress his writing into the same

space as the printing, supposing it possible, it would take at least four times as long to perform his task. To write out in this way the Times newspaper would, therefore, occupy one hundred and ninety-two thousand scribes. But the press which works off this newspaper is moved by steam, and completes the impression in two hours; if it were necessary, the same press might be kept going twenty four hours, in which time it would do the work of two millions two hundred and four thousand scribes!!! Yet all the manual operations which produce this result are performed by about two dozen hands! Such are the advantages we owe to mechanical art, that one man can do, in the present day, what four centuries ago, would have required one hundred thousand!"

Education in France.-M. Charles Dupin, of the French Chamber of Deputies, in a speech against the policy of the late ministry, makes the following singular statement.

You have been told, Gentlemen,

that the ministry had prosecuted certain objects of public utility: I acknowledge it; I say more, the thing was indispensable. It was necessary to make a grant of some small sums out of the millions annually drawn from private fortunes, under the name of public tax, in order that the people might believe in the necessity of taxation, but it is in the very inequality of the appropriations that I discover the spirit of the ministry. Gentlemen, France contains 2 1-2 millions of horses, and 32 millions of men. The ministerial budget allows for the improvement of breed, and for the bringing up of 2 1-2 millions of horses, 1,805,000 francs; and for the improvement of the human race, for the primary instruction of 32 millions of men, it allows 50,000 francs. Thus, for the amelioration of 100 horses in France, the public treasury allows 72 francs, and for the amelioration of 100 Frenchmen it only allows 16 hundredths of a franc."

RELIGIOUS.

Letters to an Anxious Inquirer, designed to relieve the difficulties of a friend under Serious Impressions. By T. Charlton Henry, D. D., late Pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church, Charleston, S. C. Charleston.

Etchings from the Religious World. By Thomas Charlton Henry, D. D., late Pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church, Charleston, S. C. Charleston, 1828.

Unitarianism an Exclusive System; or the Bondage of the Churches that were planted by the Puritans: a Sermon, preached on the occasion of the Annual Fast, April 3, 1828. By Parsons Cooke, Pastor of the East Church in Ware. Belchertown.

RELIGIOUS.

The late anniversaries in New-York, in the month of May, were attended with more than undiminished interest. The Reports of the various Societies are not yet printed, but valuable abstracts from them have been published in the New-York Observer.

The American Bible Society, notices in the beginning of its Report, the death of four of its Vice Presidents within the year; Tilghman, Worthing ton, Phillips, and Clinton; and the death of one of its managers, Thomas Eddy, of the Society of Friends. It also mentions the resignation of its lat venerable President, the Hon. John Jay, and the election of the Hon. Richard Varick in his stead; also the resignation of the Treasurer, W. W. Woolsey, Esq. and the election of John Adams, Esq. in his stead.

In the course of the past year, 21 have been added to the number of Life Directors, and 123 to the number of Life Members; making the aggregate of the former, 179, and of the latter, 1,113.

The number of Auxiliary Societies was stated in the Report of last year, to be 547; to which number, 44 have since been added, making the total number at the present time, 591.

The Receipts of the past year, from all sources, have amounted to $75,879 93; being an increase of $10,687 05 over those of the preceding year. Of this sum, $44,603 48 was received in payment for books, $2,240 towards liquidating the debt on the Society's House, and $17,610 36 as free donations to the Institution.

The whole number of books printed during the year, or now in the press, is 118,750. Of this number, 65,250 are English Bibles, and 53,000 English Testaments. The stereotype plates for a Sunday School Bible and Testament have been completed, and books printed from them, highly satisfactory to the Board, as they doubtless will be to the public generally.

From the first of May, 1827, to the 1st of the present month, there have been issued from the Depository 73,426 VOL. II. No. VI.

42

Bibles in English, 57,053 Testament in English, 1,643 Bibles in Spanish, 1,447 Testaments in Spanish, 299 Bibles in French, 270 Testaments in French, 312 Bibles in German, 88 Testaments in German, 43 Bibles in Welsh, 10 Bibles in Dutch, 1 Gælic Bible, 11 Testaments in Portuguese, 4 Mohawk Gospels:-Making a total of 134,604 copies, which is an increase of 62,996 over the issues of the previous year.

The total number distributed since the formation of the Society in 1816, is SIX HUNDRED AND FORTY-FOUR THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED AND SEVEN

TY-FIVE.

Of the issues of the present year, 127,347 have been by direct sale, and 7,260 as gratuitous distributions.

At the beginning of the year the Society had but eleven presses, and those worked by hand. This class of presses has been increased to 20.Here they have been obliged to stop; for their House would contain no more, and at the same time leave room for the other operations of the Society. Finding themselves thus straitened, they have recently procured additional ground, and are about to commence the erection of another House, which will be completed in the coming July. In this House are to be placed 8 presses, worked by steam-power, (equal to 20 of the former kind;) together with 20 hand-presses now in their present building, which must be removed from the present House, to give additional room for binding. When these changes are made, the Board expect to be able to print at the rate of 300,000 copies per annum.

The number of Agents employed by the Society the past year is 11. They have directed their efforts rather to the formation of Auxiliaries and Branches than to the collection of funds, and in this work much has been accomplished.

The principal part of the foreign Scriptures mentioned above have been sent to the Mexican and South American States, and to the West India Islands. The manner in which a part of these were distributed is rather remarkable. The vessel being wrecked in which they had been shipped, they

were plundered by the Indians, carried to Maracaibo, and there sold at a high price to such as wished to purchase.

At the request of Mr. Parvin, at Buenos Ayres, 271 Spanish Bibles were sent to his care for sale or distribution, and 274 to a correspondent at Monte Video, in Brazil. Others have been sent to Matanzas and Port au Platt, in the West Indies, and a small quantity in Dutch and English to St. Thomas; designed principally for the supply of families whose Bibles had been destroyed the preceding year by a distressing fire in that Island.

Very recently, the Managers voted $500 to supply the Rev. Jonas King with copies of the Greek Scriptures for distribution in his contemplated visit to Greece.

Following the principles of the British and Foreign Bible Society, the Managers, some time since, procured stereotype plates for the Catholic Bible, designed for distribution in parts of South America, where the common Bible would not be received.

The late discussion in Great Britain as to the lawfulness of circulating the Apocrypha in connexion with the canonical books, even for good purposes, has raised a similar question among the Managers of this Society. To perpetuate that harmony which so happily prevails among their Auxiliaries, and prevent an evil which has shaken the British and Foreign Society as with the heavings of an earthquake, the Board have with great unanimity resolved that no books containing the Apocrypha, shall hereafter be issued from their Depository. The plates of the Spanish Bible (the only one containing the Apocrypha,) are, therefore, to be speedily altered, and the inspired books to be circulated, as their Great Author prepares the way.

American Tract Society.-The Report begins with a brief allusion to the extraordinary operations of the past year in extending the circulation of the Holy Scriptures, increasing the number of missionaries in our own and foreign lands, multiplying the number of Sabbath Schools, and promoting the better observance of the Sabbath. Equally signal have been the smiles of Providence upon the efforts for the circulation of Religious Tracts: insomuch that, although the results of the

previous year were so great as to be attributed by many to the excitement of novelty or some other temporary influence, they are only to those of the year now closing as three to five.

The Report makes mention of the death of the Hon. William Phillips, one of its Vice Presidents, and Rev. Drs. Henry and Payson, two of its Directors. It also speaks of the death of the Rev. Leigh Richmond, author of the "Dairyman's Daughter," the "Young Cottager," and the "African Servant," and the Rev. William Rust, author of the "Swearer's Prayer."

Within the past year the Publishing Committee, in the discharge of their responsible duties, have examined a number of treatises, both original and selected, and have adopted twelve new tracts into their duodecimo series in English, which extends that series to page 204 of Vol. VII. To the series in Spanish seven have been added. In the German language, which in some portions of our country is extensively spoken, twenty-four Tracts have been stereotyped and published; three have been printed in the Hawaiian language for circulation at the Sandwich Islands; and two, together with the Ten Commandments and four handbills, in Italian, for circulation in the Island of Malta.

Besides the above in the duodecimo form, sixty-five Children's Tracts have been stereotyped, and most of them printed.

Through the liberality of four respectable friends of the cause, of as many different denominations, who contributed $800 for the purpose, that excellent work," Doddridge's Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul," has also beed stereotyped and printed, and will be sold at the low price of 37 1-2 cts. per volume.

Of the American Tract Magazine, 5000 copies are issued monthly. The Christian Almanac for 1828 was published in twenty distinct editions, one of which was fitted for general circulation throughout the United States, and the others to the meridian and latitude of the following places respectively; Boston, Hartford, Albany, Rochester, Utica, New-York City, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Richmond, Charleston, Raleigh, N. C., Augusta, Geo., Huntsville, Alab., Washington,