BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY; CONTAINING An Historical and Critical ACCOUNT OF THE LIVES and WRITINGS OF THE Most Eminent Perfons In every NATION; Particularly the BRITISH and IRISH; From the earliest Accounts of Time to the present Period. WHEREIN Their remarkable ACTIONS or SUFFERINGS, VOL. III. LONDON: Printed for T. OSBORNE, J. WHISTON and B. WHITE, M DCC LXI. ΑΝ Univerfal, Historical, and Literary DICTIONARY. C C. ELIUS AURELIANUS, or, as fome have called him, Lucius Cælius Arianus, an ancient phyfician, and the only one of the fect of the methodists, of whom we have any remains, was of Sicca, a town of Numidia, in Africa. This we learn from the elder Pliny; and we might almost have collected it, without any information at all, from his ftile, which is very barbarous, and much refembling that of the African writers. It is half Greek, half Latin, harsh, and difficult: yet ftrong, mafculine, full of good fenfe, and valuable for the matter it contains. It is frequently very acute and fmart, especially where he exposes the errors of other phyficians; and always nervous. What age Cælius Aurelianus flourished in, we cannot determine, there being fo profound a filence about it amongst the ancients: but it is very probable, that he lived before Galen, fince it is not conceivable, that he fhould mention, as he does, all the phyficians before him, great as well as fmall, and yet not make the least mention of Galen. He was not only a careful imitator of Soranus, but also a ftrenuous advocate for him. He had read over very diligently the ancient phyficians of all the fects; and we are obliged to him for the knowledge of many dogmas, which are not to be found but in his books De celeribus & tardis paffionibus. The beft edition of these books is that published at AmfterVOL. III. B dam Bayle, General dam in the year 1722. He wrote, as he himself tells us, feveral other works; but they are all perished. This however, which has efcaped the ruins of time and barbarifm, is highly valued, as being the only monument of the Medicina methodica, which is extant. He is allowed by all to be admirable in the history and description of diseases. CASALPINUS (ANDREAS) an eminent philofopher and physician, was born at Arezzo, about the year 1159. After being long profeffor at Pifa, he became firit phyfician to pope Clement VIII. It fhould feem from a paffage in his Quæftiones peripatetica, that he had fome idea of the circulation of the blood. "The lungs, fays he, drawing "the warm blood, thro' a vein [the pulmonary artery] "like the arteries, out of the right ventricle of the heart, "and returning it by an anastomosis to the venal artery [the "pulmonary vein] which goes to the left ventricle of the "heart, the cool air, being in the mean time let in thro' the "canals of the afpera arteria, which are extended along "the venal artery, but do not communicate with it by in"ofculations, as Galen imagined, cools it only by touch"ing. To this circulation of the blood out of the right "ventricle of the heart thro' the lungs into its left ven❝tricle, what appears upon diffection anfwers very well: "for there are two veffels which end in the right ventri"cle, and two in the left: but one only carries the blood ❝in, the other fends it out, the membranes being con"trived for that purpose." His treatife De plantis entitles him to a place among the capital writers in botany; for he there makes the diftribution of plants into a regular method, formed on their natural fimilitude, as being the most safe and the most useful for helping the memory and difcovering their virtues. Yet, which is very furprizing, it was not followed, nor even understood, for near a hundred years. The reftorer of method was Robert Morifon, the firft profeffor of botany at Oxford. Cæfalpinus died at Rome, Feb. 23, 1603. His Hortus ficcus, confifting of 768 dried fpecimens pafted on 266 large pages, is ftill in being. The titles of his writings are, Kárompor, five fpeculum artis medicæ Hippocraticum. De plantis libri xvi. cum appendice; printed at Florence in 1583. De metallicis libri iii. Quæftionum medicarum libri ii. De medicamentorum facultatibus libri ii. Praxis univerfæ medicinæ. Demonum inveftigatio peripatetica. Quæftionum peripateticarum libri v. CESAR iii. CESAR (JULIUS) a learned civilian, was born [A] near Tottenham in Middlefex, in the year 1557. He took the degree of bachelor of arts, May 17, 1575, as a member Biogr. Brit. of Magdalen-hall, Oxford; and went afterwards to study Wood, Fafti, in the university of Paris; where, in the beginning of 1581, vol. 1. col. he was created doctor of the civil law; to which degree he Biogr. Brit. was also admitted in 1583 at Oxford, and two years after became doctor of the canon law. In the reign of queen Eliza- Ibid. beth, he was master of requefts, judge of the high court of admiralty, and mafter of St. Catherine's hofpital near the Tower. Upon king James's acceffion, he was knighted by that prince at Greenwich. He was alfo conftituted chan- Ibid. cellor, and under-treasurer of the exchequer, and, on the 5th of July 1607, fworn of his majefty's privy council. He obtained a reverfionary grant of the office of master Ibid. of the rolls, and fucceeded to it on the 1st of October 1614; upon which he refigned his place of chancellor of the exchequer. He was continued privy councellor by king Charles I. and appears to have been alfo cuftos rotulorum of the county of Hertford. Fuller fays, he was chancellor Camden's of the duchy of Lancafter. He died April 28, 1639, in annals of the 79th year of his age, and lies buried in the church of king James. Biogr. Brit. Great St. Helen within Bifhopfgate, London, under a monument defigned by himself; which is in form of a deed, and made to resemble ruffled parchment, in allufion to his office, as mafter of the rolls. He was a man of great gravity and integrity, and remarkable for his extenfive bounty and charity to all perfons of worth, or that were in want. He made his grants to all perfons double kindness by expedition, and cloathed (as Lloyd expreffes it) his very denials in fuch robes of courtship, that it was not obviously difcernable, whether the request or denial were moft decent. He was also very cautious of promifes, left, becoming unable to perform them, he might multiply his enemies, whilft he intended to create friends. Befides, he obferved that great perfons efteem better fuch perfons they have done [A] His father Cæfar Adelmar, (or Dalmarius, Dalmare, or Athelmer) phyfician to queen Mary and queen Elizabeth, was lineally defcended from Adelmar count of Genoa and admiral of France in the reign of Charles the great, A.D.866. This Cæfar Adelmar's mother was daughter to the duke de Cefarini, from whom he had the name of B 2 great |