Ergot of rye, spur of rye; a disease in the kernels Gaites, single sheaves tied in a particular manner,
of that grain, p. 822.

Feeding pastures, pastures used for feeding stock, Grease, a disease in horses, explained, s. 6514. 6516.
p. 905.

H.

Ha ha, a sunk fence, p. 474.
Hacking and picking. See Picking.
Hainault mowing, explained, s. 3172. p. 515.

Hammel, a small shed, with a yard for feeding
one, or at most two animals, p. 469.

Hands of tobacco, leaves tied up by their footstalks,
so that the leaves spread out like the hand, s.
3945. p. 641.

Hangs, slopes, s. 3945. p. 641.

Harled, p. 497. See Lipped.
Hash, explained, s. 2716. p. 419.
Hatches, flood-gates, p. 726.

Hatted kitt, explained, s. 7105, p 1048.
Hattocks, shocks, s. 3173. p. 515.

Haulm, the base of the stalks or stems of all crops,
after the seeds are reaped or gathered. The
haulm of peas is in some places called pea ryse.
Head and heel of gates, explained, p. 500.
Heading down trees, lopping or cutting off the heads
of trees, p. 651.

Heading sheaves, the hood sheaf or sheaves of
shocks of corn, p. 515.

Headmain, explained, s. 4411. p. 726.
Heckles, iron combs, p. 923.
Heckling flar, combing, p. 916.

Helmets, a variety of pigeon, p. 1095,

Hepatic affections, affections of the liver, p. 1037.
Herbage plants, forage plants, such as clover and
other plants cultivated chiefly for the herb, to be
used either green or made into hay.
Hide-bound, a disease in horses and cattle when the
skin cleaves to the sides, s. 6425. p. 977.
Hink, explained s. 5171. p. 832.

Hinny, explained, s. 6768. p. 1013.

Hirsel, a Scotch term of the same meaning as the
English term "herd," s. 6793. p. 1017.

Hoars, thick mists, p. 772.

Holmes, small islands, but larger than aits.

Hood-sheaf, a sheaf placed on the summit of other
sheaves for a covering, p. 516.

Hook bones, bones in the hind quarter of cattle, s.
6799. p. 1018.

Horny frog of the horse, the prominence in the
hollow of a horse's foot, p. 976.

Horsemen, a variety of pigeon, p. 1095.

Horses, pieces of wood used in barking trees,
p. 659.

Hot fur, explained, s. 5906. p. 824.
Hot yellows, explained, s. 7256. p. 1065.
Hove, explained, s. 7254. p. 1065.
Huckaback, a kind of cloth, s. 5933. p.917.
Humerus, the arm bone, p. 955.

Hummelling machine, explained, p. 440.
Hunger rot, explained, s. 7264. p. 1066.
Hungry soil, barren soil needing much manure,

p. 773.

Husbandman, one who farms generally; that is,
who both produces corn and cattle, and attends to
the dairy, the poultry, the woodlands, and the or.
chard. A farmer may confine himself to grazing,
or to breeding or haymaking, or milking or raising
green crops for the market, &c., but in none of
these cases can he with propriety be called a hus.
bandman. This term husbandman, therefore, is
not exactly synonymous with farmer.
Husbandry, the culture of arable grass and wood-
lands, the management of live stock, the dairy,
poultry, &c., and, in general, what constitutes the

Iris, the coloured circle in the eyes of animals, s.
6371. p. 970.

Isometrical perspective, explained, p. 472.

Isosceles triangle, a triangle which has only two of
Itinerating libraries, libraries, the books of which
its sides equal, p. 503.

are carried from one place of deposit to another,
and thence issued, p. 756.

Jacobines, a variety of pigeon, p. 1095.
Jumper, a tool used by masons for boring holes in
land stones to be reft by gunpowder, p. 743.
Jumping pole, a long stiff pole, by which persons in
the fens are enabled to jump across ditches or
drains twenty feet wide, by planting the pole
towards the middle of the drain, and springing
from bank to bank: a small piece of board, called
a quant, is fastened to the bottom of the pole to
prevent its sinking into the mud. See Quant.

К.

Kelp, the ashes of any description of Fùci or other
seaweed, p. 1205.

Knees for ship-building, crooked pieces of timber,
having two branches or arms, and generally used
to connect the beams of a ship with her sides,
8. 3034. p. 491.

Knuckering, explained, s. 6587. p. 972.
Kyloes, the name given to the cattle of the He-
brides, s. 6796. p. 1018.

L.

Lachrymal gland, the gland which secretes or sup
plies the lachrymæ or tears, p. 970.

Lacteals, the absorbents of the mesentery, which
originate in the small intestines, and convey
the chyle from thence to the thoracic duct, p.
968, See Crabb's Tech. Dict.

Lactometer, explained, s. 7008. p. 1037.
Lampas, a swelling of the wrinkles or ribs in the
roof of the horse's mouth; analogous to the gum-
boils in man, p. 980.

Land, a term employed in Cambridgeshire and
other counties, to designate what more generally
is termed a ridge; that is, one of those compart-
ments which lie between gutter and gutter in
arable fields. The ridge, in Cambridgeshire, is
the highest part or central line of the lands, just
as the ridge of a house is the highest part of its
roof. In Scotland, a ridge includes the whole of
the surface between gutter and gutter. Land.ap.
pears the fitter term.

Land, ground, earthy surface in opposition to wa
ter or rocks. The term ground is generally ap-
plied to a comparatively limited extent of surface,
as garden grounds, hop grounds, &c, in opposition
to arable lands, wood lands, &c.

Land-fast stones, stones fixed or imbedded in the
soil, p. 483.

Land-reeve, explained, s. 4638. p. 760.

Larva, the grubs, maggots, or caterpillars of insects,
803.

Laryngeal sonorous sacs, hollows in the windpipe
which modulate the voice of animals, s. 6764.
p. 1013.

Larynx, the windpipe or trachea, p. 972.
Lateral shoots, shoots emitted on the sides of
branches; laterally; quite distinct from latter
shoots, with which they are occasionally con- -
founded, p. 478.

business of the head of a family living by agri-Laying in hedge-planting, laying down the sets
cultural industry in the country.
Hybrid, bastard or spurious, p. 1013.

Hydatid, the Tenia glóbulus, an insect occurring
in the skull of the sheep, p. 1049.
Hydropic rot, explained, s. 7261. p. 1065.
Hygrometer, an instrument for ascertaining the de-
gree of moisture in the atmosphere, p. 773.

I.

Imago, the perfect state of insects, p. 1112.
Impinge, to strike against, s. 4361. p. 719.
In and in system of breeding, p. 301.

Incision of objects on roads, the marks, traces,
tracks, or ruts made, s. 3571. p. 575.
Increments, proportional rates of increase, s. 3552.
p. 572.
Indigence, peculiar to, springing out of the nature
of, p. 1012.

Induration, hardening, p. 717.

Infield, an obsolete Scottish term for enclosed lands
near the farmstead, as opposed to such as are at
a distance from it, and uniaclosed, s. 802. p. 130.
Ings. See Saltings.

or plants horizontally on the bed prepared for
them, s. 3944, p. 640,

Laying an old hedge, explained, s. 3026. p. 490.
Leaping ill, explained, s. 7255. p. 1065.
Leasehold, property held on lease, p. 552.
Legget, explained, s. 3193. p.

518.

Leguminous crops, crops of the various kinds of
pulse, as peas, beans, tares, saintfoin, lucern,
clover, &c., p. 800.

Levelling, explained, p. 535.

Leverage, the act of using levers, or the power ac-
quired by the use of them, p. 575.

Light-lyered, the dew-lap of a light colour, s. 6798.
p. 1018.

Ligneous plants, woody plants, as trees or shrubs,
p. 476.
Lipped and harled, a wall built of stones without
mortar, but which has the joints afterwards filled
with mortar, and the whole wall plastered over
with what is called rough-cast, or harling in Scot-
land. The mixture used for harling is lime, sand,
and small stones about the size of peas. Dashing
in England is the forcible casting of small stones

like the above, only washed quite clean, into the
soft recent plaster of exterior walls, in order to
resist the action of rain.

Loam, any soil in which clay and organic matter
exist in considerable proportions, and so as to ren-
der it neither very adhesive or hard, nor soft and
loose.

Lock spit, explained, s. 3823. p. 620.

Longe, a long leather thong, used in the process of
longing or lunging horses, p. 1001.
Lymph, a clear, colourless, rather viscid humour,

separated from the blood, and specifically heavier
than water, s. 6950, p. 967.

Lymphatics, lymphatic vessels, are the absorbent
vessels that convey the lymph into the thoracic
duct, and form, with the lacteals, what is called
the absorbent system. The use of these vessels

is to draw in by a capillary attraction the fluids
contained in the circumjacent cavities, p. 968.
See Crab. Tech. Dict.
Lymphatic absorbents, 968.
Lacteals.

See Lymphatics, and

M.
Maceration, the act of steeping or soaking in water,
p. 869.
Malic acid, an acid obtained from apples, by satu-
rating the juice with alkali, and pouring in the
acetous solution of lead, until it occasions no
more precipitate. See Crabb's Tech. Dict.
Mallinders, a disease in horses, s. 6710. p. 1007.
Manege riding, explained, s. 6672. p. 1003.
Martingal, a thong of leather, fastened at one end
to the girths under the belly, and at the other to
the noseband of the bridle, to prevent a horse from
rearing, p. 1001.

Maturation, the process of ripening, p. 816.
Maxillary glands, the glands belonging to the jaw
bones, p. 972.

Meal of milk, the quantity yielded at one time of
milking thus, the morning meal, the evening
meal, 8. 7103. p. 1048.

Medilla, marrow, p. 967. In plants it signifies the
pith.

Meers or meres, cattle ponds in Derbyshire, p. 735.
Memel timber, fir timber from the port of Memel in
Prussia, in the Baltic, p. 504.

Mere, a lake, pool, or pond.

Mesentery, a membrane in the cavity of the abdo-
men attached to the vertebræ of the loins, and
to which the intestines adhere, p. 975.
Meslin, a union of flocks, s. 736. p. 118.
Meslin, mesling, mescelin, maslin, or mescledine,
corn that is mixed, as wheat, rye, &c, to make
bread. This term occurs in old acts of parliament
for the regulation of rivers, as that of the Cam;
mescelin being in former days a frequent lading
in that neighbourhood,

Mesta, explained, s. 756. p. 118.
Metacarpus, the shank, p. 965.

Metal bed of a road, explained, s. 3630. p. 585.
Metalliferous ores, ores which contain metals, p.
629.

Metals of a road, the material of which a road
is formed, as broken quarry stone, boulder stones,
and other kinds, p. 612.

Metayer system, the system of farming lands in
many parts of the Continent, in which the produce
is equally divided between landlord and tenant,
p. 184.
Midden, dunghill, p. 807. "The midden is the mi-
ther o' the meal kist."
Milsey, a provincial term for a sieve, in which milk
is strained, s. 7064. p. 1045.
Mortices, holes, cells, or receptacles made in posts,
&c. to receive the tenons of rails, &c., p. 493.
Mould, organic matter in a finely divided and de-
composed state, with a little earth mixed, as ve
getable mould, leaf mould, peat mould, &c.
Mourat, explained, s. 7137, p 1052.

Mow, a compartment in a barn, into which corn in
the straw is stacked or packed.

Mow-burn, to heat by fermentation in the mow, p.

825.

Murrain, a wasting, contagious, and most fatal
disorder among cattle, s. 6943. 7250.

1245

0.

Obstetrics, considerations appertaining to the foaling,
Calving, yeaning, &c., of animals, s. 6969. p 1035.
Odometer, from odos, a way, and metrco, to mea
sure, an instrument by which the quantity of
Esophagus, the weasand or gullet, p. 972.
space passed over on foot, or in a conveyance, may
be ascertained, s. 2506, p. 376.
Omentum, the caul, p. 973.

One bout stitch, a ridgelet formed by the going
and returning of the plough, s. 5235, p. 839.
Ophthalmia, an inflammation in the coats of the
eye, proceeding from arterious blood got out of the
vessels, and gathered together between the coats,
s. 6758. p. 1012.

Optic nerve, a nerve which perforates the bulb of
the eye, and communicates with the brain; so
that every sensation derived from sight depends
on the optic nerve, p. 970.

Outfall, the lower end of a water-course, p. 714.
Outfield, uninclosed farm lands at a distance from
the farmstead, s. 802. p. 130.
Owls, a variety of pigeon, 1095.

P.

Pacing, one of the motions taught the horse,
s. 6672. p. 1003.

Pancreas, the sweet bread. It is composed of in-
numerable small glands, the excretory ducts of
which unite and form one duct, called the pan-
creatic duct, that conveys a fluid very similar to
saliva into the intestines, called the pancreatic
juice, which mixes with the chyle in the duode-
num.-Crabb.

Pane of ground, a four-sided compartment of grass
ground, adapted for irrigation, p. 726.

Panicle, an irregularly divided branch of flowers,
as in the oat, p. 826.

Pantile, a gutter tile, p. 708.

Papier mache, mashed paper, which, when mixed
Paring and burning, taking off the turf or surface
up with glutinous substances, may be moulded
into various shapes, p. 810.
of grass or waste lands, and incinerating it by
means of fire, in order to prepare the soil for
aration, p. 520,

Parotid glands, explained, s. 6588. p. 972.
Passaging, one of the motions taught the horso,
8. 6672. p. 1003,

Pastern, explained, s. 6319. p. 965.
Patella, explained, s. 6325. p. 965.
Paucity, fewness, p. 784.

Peelers, the same as barkers. Persons employed
to deprive trees of their peel or bark, p. 662.
Pendro, explained, s. 7267. p. 1066.
Pellicle, little skin or coat, p. 822.
Pelt rot, explained, s. 7264. p. 1066,
Penultimate, the last but one, p. 801.
Percolate, to strain, or trickle through, p. 581.
Percolation, the act of straining, purification or
separation by straining, p. 522.

Perichóndium, explained, s. 6336. p. 967.
Perforans of the horse's foot, explained, s. 6420.
p. 976.
Pericranium, explained, s. 6336. p. 967.
Peridesmium, explained, s. 6356, p. 967.
Periosteum, a general uniting membrane to bones
and their appendages, s. 6356, p. 967.
Periphery, the circumference or orbit, p. 429.
Peripneumonia, explained, s. 7251. p. 1065.
Peristaltic motion, the vermicular, worm-like, or
creeping motion of the intestines; by which they
contract their spiral fibres so as to propel their
contents, p. 975.

Petits, a variety of pigeon, p. 1095.
Pharynx, explained, p. 972.

Picking and hacking, loosening with a pick-axe or
mattock, and by separating with some cutting
Picking of hop plantations, explained, s. 6025. p. 926.
tool, s. 3322. p. 538.
Piecework, work done and paid for by the measure of

quantity, or by previous estimation and agreement,

in contradistinction to work done and paid for by Rake hot, to steam or reek hot, s. 6723. p. 1008.
the measure of time, p. 976.
Pigeon-cat, explained, s. 7540. p. 1096.

Piggery, the compartment in a farm-yard, with
sties and other accompaniments allotted to pigs.
Pile, the shag or hair on the skins of animals. Each
hair may be called a pile, s. 7140. p. 1052.
Pillow-slip, pillow case, p. 1049.
Pining, explained, s. 7272. p. 1066.
Pinning, explained, s. 7260. p. 1065.
Pip, explained, s. 7525. p. 1095.

Pipe drain, explained, s. 4296. p. 710.

Pith and Pithing, by butchers, explained, s. 6308.
p. 964.

Pline table, a square board with lines drawn on its
upper side, used in taking angles and in measuring
land, s. 2998. p. 481.

Plashing an old hedge, interweaving the stems in
hedges, s. 3025. p. 490.

Plumassier, one who prepares feathers for orna-
mental purposes, p. 1088.

Pluviometer, rain gauge, s. 4742. p. 773.

Pneumonia, an inflammation of the lungs, p. 981.
Podders, persons employed to collect the green pods
of peas off the plants, p. 837.

Polders, salt marshes in Holland and Flanders, p.774.
Pole evil, or poll evil, a disease of the poll or head,
usually at its hind part, or in the nape of the neck,
s. 6142 p. 980.

Polled, hornless, devoid of horns, s. 6786. p. 1016.
Pommage, the pulpy mass to which apples are re.
duced by grinding in the cider counties, prepar-
atory to pressing out the juice, p. 672.
Pommel, the prominence in the front or fore part of
a saddle, p. 1003.

Potato pies, explained, s. 534. p. 851.

Pouters, a variety of pigeon remarkable for its habit
of pouting, p. 1095.

Preventive pruning, explained, s. 3999. p. 649.
Probang, a flexible piece of whalebone with a sponge
fixed to the end, used occasionally in probing the
throat, s. 6953, p. 1033.

Puddling, explained, p. 620.

Pulls, hills or elevated parts of a road, requiring
extra pulling in draught animals, s. 3237. p. 525.
Pulmonary artery, explained, s. 6345. p. 967.
Pultaceous, of the consistence of a poultice, p. 1005.
Pumiced foot, explained, s. 6521. p. 987.
Puncta lachrymalia, explained, s. 6370. p. 970.
Pupa, the chrysalis state of insects, p. 1112.
Purchase of the bridle, the command or control of
it, s. 6676. p. 1003.

Pursiveness, pursiness, shortness of breath, s. 6693.
p. 1005.

Pyrites, firestone, s. 3228. p. 523.

Pyroligneous acid, acid produced by distillation of
the spray of trees, p. 493.

Q.

Quadrant, a mathematical instrument; the fourth
part of a circle, s. 3350. p. 544.
Quant, a small piece of board at the bottom of a
jumping pole to prevent the pole sinking into the
mud by the weight of the jumper's body.
Quarter-cleft rod, a measuring staff having four
sides, s. 3195. p. 518.

Quartering, the division of planks of wood length-
wise into small four-sided pieces.

Quarters of the horse's hoof, explained, s. 6420. p. 976.
Quick, a live fence or hedge formed of some grow-
ing plant, usually hawthorn.
Quick bends, sharp turns, p. 573.
Quicken tree. See Roan tree.

Quickset hedge, a hedge formed of sets or plants that
are quick; that is, alive.

Quincunx, trees planted in rows, at the same dis-
tance between the rows that the trees are in the
rows, and the trees of one row opposite the vacan-
cies in the other, s. 3928. p. 638.
Quit-rent, a small rent or acknowledgement payable
by the tenants of most manors, s. 1117. p. 179.
Quittor, explained, p. 988.

R.

Rabbet, a moulding, s. 4354. p. 715.
Rabinos, explained, s. 7140. p. 1052.

Rafter, a piece of four-sided timber used in roofs.
Raftering land, ploughing half of the land, and
turning the grass side of the ploughed furrow on
the land that is left unploughed, p. 1166.; as ap-
plied to timber, sawing up planks of trees into
pieces of greater depth than width for rafters to
roof buildings.

Ramose-headed trees, trees whose heads abound in
branches, p. 649.

Ramose-rooted trees, trees whose roots are much
branched, p. 634.

Rath ripe, the property of being early ripe, s. 5082.
P. 823.

Rat's tail, a disease in horses, which causes the hair
of the tail to fall off, and not be again produced,
s. 6710. p. 1007.

Ray, a disease in sheep, explained, s. 7625. p. 1066,
Rectangular fields, fields whose angles are right
angles, p. 680.

Rectangular parallelogram, a figure of four sides,
whose opposite sides are equal, and all its angles
right angles, p. 443.

Red roan, explained, s. 5106. p. 825.
Redwater, explained, s. 5106, p. 1064.
Rete mucòsum, p. 958. A mucous membrane depo.
sited in a net-like form, between the epidermis
and the cutis: it covers the sensible cutaneous
papillæ, connects the epidermis with the cutis,
and gives the colour to the body. Crabb,
Rétina, the true organ of vision, formed by a net-
like expansion of the pulp of the optic nerve,
p. 970.

Rhomboid, a figure whose opposite sides are parallel
and equal, but all its sides are not equal, neither
are its angles right angles, p. 414.
Ribbing, explained, s. 3255. p. 527.
Ricking, explained, s. 3176 p. 516.
Riddle, a large coarse sieve, s. 3655. p. 589.
Ridging, laying the soil up in ridges, p. 508.
Rifting by gunpowder, riving, splitting, or dividing,
8. 4065, p. 661.

Right angles, where a room is exactly square, cach
of the corners of it is called a right angle: in
scientific language it is thus defined, as the fourth
of a circle; or thus, when one straight line,
standing on another straight line, makes the ad-
jacent angles or corners equal to one another,
each of the angles or corners is called a right
angle.

Ring-bone in horses, a disease in the feet of the
horse, p. 960.

Rippling of flax or hemp, the operation of sepa
rating the boles or seed pods, by striking them
against a board, or piece of iron, p. 915.
Ristle-plough, explained, p. 1197.
River-meadows, explained, s. 5769. p. 901.
Roan tree, the mountain ash.

Roguish plants, spurious varieties, s. 5220. p. 88.
Rooflet, explained, s. 3195. p. 519.

Root crops, esculent plants cultivated for their
tubers, bulbs, or other enlarged parts produced
under or immediately on the ground, and chiefly
connected with the root, as the potato, turnip,
carrot, &c.

Roots, the fibres and other ramifications of a plant
under ground, and by which it imbibes ncurish.
ment. Tubers, bulbs, and other fleshy protuber.
ances under ground, are employed by nature for
the purposes of propagation or continuation, and
therefore ought never to be confounded with
common roots, which serve to nourish these
tubers, bulbs, &c., in common with other parts of
the plant.

Rot, explained, s. 7245. p. 1064.

Rouen, the aftermath, the lattermath, or second
crop of hay cut off the same ground in one year,
8. 3169. p. 515.

Rough pile in cattle, coarse hair or wool, p. 784.
Roup, explained, s. 7526. p. 1095.
Rowels, explained, s. 6538.

Rubbers, a disease in sheep, explained, s. 7265. p.

1066.

Rubble stones, loose stones, brick-bats, and the like,
which are put together to conduct water; so called
because they are rubbed together.

Rumbling drains, drains formed of a stratum of
rubble stones, p. 581.

Runner, explained, s. 4140. p. 675.
Runts, a variety of pigeon, p. 1095.

Rural economy, rural affairs, geoponics, agro-
nomics, terms considered as synonymous with
husbandry.

Rust, a disease to which the cereal and other
grasses are subject, and which occasions their
herbage to be of a rusty colour, s. 5741. p. 899.
Rut, to cut a line on the soil with a spade, p. 482.;
also the copulation of deer in the rutting season;
also the track of a cart-wheel.
Rutting Sec Rut.

Shakers, a variety of pigeon, p. 1095.

Shaking quags, shaking bogs; wet spongy soil, p.
694.

Shaley soil, explained, s. 4750. p. 774
Shearer, a reaper, s. 3250. p. 526.

Shearing, reaping, p. 515.

Sheath, land guard of embankments, s. 4562. 4366.
p. 719, 720.

Shearing rivers, the process of mowing the plants
which abound in rivers; the instrument with
which this is effected is formed of a line of scythe-
blades, rivetted together by their extremities, and
which line of scythe-blades is worked or moved
along over the surface of the mud by levers at-
tached to the line, operated upon by men in boats,
8. 3171. p. 515.

Shift of crops, an alternation or variation in the
succession of crops, p. 814.

Shifting beach, a beach of gravel liable to be shifted
or moved by the action of the sea, or the current
of rivers, s. 4332. p. 714.

Shingles, pieces of thin board used as tiles, a com-
mon practice in timber countries on the Continent
and in America, s. 3051. p. 495.