east, in preference to other points; a level or flat area of sufficient extent for the buildings, yards, and gardens; grass-land sufficient for one small enclosure or more; and suitable outlets to the different parts of the farm, and to public roads and markets.

4157. Some of these requisites may be supplied by art, as shelter, by plantations; water, by wells and ponds; a flat, by levelling; and grass-lands, by culture: the direction of the roads depends entirely on the designer. But in some cases the situation of the farmery cannot be rendered central, as it frequently happens in the fenny districts of Cambridgeshire, where danger might be incurred from extraordinary floods; and in the case of mountainous sheep farms, where a central situation might be so elevated as to be deprived of most of the other requisites. Still, even in these cases, the general requisites ought to be attained as far as practicable; and there are degrees of attainment, as to a central situation, to be arrived at even among fens and mountains.

4158. Excellent examples of different descriptions of farmeries are to be found in Berwickshire, Northumberland, East Lothian, and on the Marquis of Stafford's estates in Shropshire, Staffordshire, and Sutherland. Besides a great number of cottages and farmeries of different descriptions, thirty-seven new farmeries have been erected by the Marquis of Stafford in Shropshire alone. Loch, Lord Stafford's agent, in describing these (Account of Improvements on the M. of Stafford's Estates, &c.), states, that "much attention and consideration have been given to the plans of these buildings, with the view of combining as many advantages as possible, and of arranging the different parts in such a way as to save the time of the tenant and his people, and in order that their extent might be reduced to the least size practicable, securing at the same time the accommodation required. The most approved plans in both ends of the island were consulted, and a gradual improvement has been made on them. The latter ones combine the advantages of the English and Scotch buildings, avoiding, it is hoped, their respective defects. To almost every one of these homesteads is attached a threshing machine, constructed on the best principles: wherever water could be obtained, that has been made use of as the impelling power; and, of late, some of the more extensive farms have been provided with steam-engines for that purpose."

4159. In selecting a few of these examples, the first we shall mention is that of Sidera, or Cider Hall, in Sutherland, erected in 1818. The soil of this farm is of a light and excellent quality, particularly suited to the Norfolk rotation of husbandry, which is followed by Rule, the new tenant, a native of the county of Roxburgh. The house and homestead cost 2200l. It is built, in the most sufficient manner, of stone and lime, and covered with Easdale slate, from the west coast of Scotland. In the garden, which is an old one, there are some of the finest holly trees to be met with any where, with several apple, pear, and gean, or small black cherry, trees, of so considerable a size as to show that there is nothing in the climate to prevent the growth of even the more delicate kinds of timber, if not exposed to the sea breeze.

4160. The accommodations of the house are, on the ground floor, a parlour, lobby, and staircase, family room, pantry, and kitchen; behind may be an open yard, and in front a flower-garden; the chamber story, a bedroom and bedcloset, two bedrooms, maid servant's room, and bedroom. The offices contain a cart-house, stable, tool-house, threshingmill, and straw-house, horse-course, cattle-sheds, dairy, calf-pen, cow-byre, feeding-byre, boothy (i. e. booth or lodge) for ploughmen; pigsties, and poultry above; paved way, and cattle-yards.

4161. As an example of a Northumberland farmery for a farm of from 400 to 500 acres, we have recourse to The General Report of Scotland. The accommodations are as follows: In the dwelling-house are the entrance, stairs to chambers and cellars, and lobby, dining-room, pantry, coal-closet, parlour, business-room, kitchen, back-kitchen, dairy, store-room, poultry, farm-servants' kitchen, boiling-house, root-house, riding-horse stable. In the economical buildings are a cart-shed, straw-barn, and granary over; corn-barns, hinds, byre for three cows, byre for ten cows, with feeding passage in the centre; calf-house, loose-horse place, stable, feeding sheds for cattle, with feeding passage along the centre; pigs, dung-places, straw-yards, cart-shed, and open court. The aspect of the house is south, and the garden and orchard are in front of it.

4162. As an example of a very complete farmery for a turnip and barley soil, we give that of Fearn (fig. 605.), erected by the Marquis of Stafford in the parish of Escall Magna, in Shropshire, in 1820. The farm contains 460 acres of turnip soil; and the farmery the following accommodations, including a threshing machine driven by steam. In the house are two parlours (a, a), family-room (b), brew-house, two stories (c); pantry (d), milk-house (e), kitchen (ƒ), bedrooms (g), menservants' bedroom (h). In the court offices a hackney-stable (i), stair under cover (k), waggon-shed and granary over (1), tool-house (m), cow-house (n), places for turnips and straw (o, p), steam-engine (q), barn (r), straw or other cattle-food (s), stall-fed cattle (t), stables (u), turnip-houses (v), piggeries, poultry, tools, and necessary (w), cattle-sheds to each yard (r).

4163. As an example of a farmery to be managed by a bailiff, we give that of Skelbo, also in Sutherland. The farm consists of 450 acres, the greater part taken from a heathery waste. It contains a suitable house for the grieve or bailiff, and attached to the office is a threshing machine, combining a corn or meal-mill. Its accommodations

are, a chaff-house, corn-rooms, threshing mill, with water-wheel and straw-house; cattle-sheds, poultry-houses, and piggery; stables, byres, cart-shed, cattle-shed, dairy, meal-house, lodge for ploughmen, paved way, and cattle-yards.

4164. As an example of a small farmery in the county of Stafford, we select that of

606

k

Knollwall. (fig. 606.) The extent is 104 acres; the soil is strong and rather wet, and there are some water and other meadows. The house and yard-buildings are of brick and tile, and their accommodations are, a kitchen (a), a brew-house (b), parlour (c), sitting-room (d), pantry (e), milk-house (ƒ), court-yard open (g), coals (h), hackneystable (i), turkey-house (k), pigsties (1), waggon-horse stable (m), corn-bay (n), barn (0), straw-bay (p), cow-tyings (9), fodder-bins (r), calf-houses (s), and waggon-shed, granary over, connected with barn (t).

4165. As an example of a middle-sized farmery on a clayey soil, we may refer to that of Newstead, in Staffordshire. This farm contains 314 acres, and the tenant, Ford, is said to be an example to the whole country. The accommodations of the farmery are, in the dwelling-house, an outer kitchen, and kitchen, -master's room, brew-house, dairy, pantry, parlour, bedrooms, cheese-room, attics. In the court a shed for waggons, with granary over, hackney stable, waggon-horse stable, cattle-sheds, turnip-houses, fodder-house, straw-bays, threshing-mill with water-wheel, corn-bay, tool-house, workshop, bay for unthreshed corn, small granary, and pigsties.

4166. As an example of an economical farmery for a farm of 50 or 60 acres, we copy from The General Report of Scotland. The accommodations are:- in the house, a kitchen, parlour, store-room, pantry, with three bedrooms, and a light closet over; closet, milk-room, and scullery. In the economical buildings are, a stable with a loose stall, byre for ten cows, cattle-shed, barn, cart-shed, with granary over; pigsties and cattleyard. This appears one of the most compact and eligible plans for the farmeries of arable farms under 100 acres.

4167. As an improved Berwickshire farmery, we submit another specimen from The General Report. Its accommodations are calculated for a farm of 600 acres, and consist, in the dwelling-house range, of a porch, lobby, dining-room, parlour, kitchen, scullery, coal-place, store-room, dairy, pantry, business-room, poultry, steaming-house, bailiff's room. The economical buildings contain a riding-horse stable, tool-house, cart-shed, with granary over; corn-barn, straw-barn, feeding-house for 36 head of cattle, roothouse, byre for cows, calf-pens, stable for ten horses, pigs, with yard and troughs, cattlesheds, dung-basin, and urinarium under; cattle-yards, cart-road paved, rick-yard, mill track, open court, lawn, garden, and orchard.

4168. A farmery for a turnip soil of from 600 to 900 acres, from the same work, deserves consideration as a very complete specimen of arrangement. Omitting the farm-house, the economical buildings contain a stable, cow-house, servants' cow, roothouse, young horses' stable, straw-barn, corn-barn, stable, cart-shed, place for pickling wheat, killing sheep, or other odd jobs; feeding-house, carpenter's workshop, pigs, geese, common poultry, turkeys, pigs, cattle-sheds, dung and straw courts, with urinariums in the centre of each, paved cart-road round, open-court between the yard and dwellinghouse, rick-yard, paddocks of old pasture, ponds for drinking and washing the horses' legs.

4169. The accommodations for a farm-house, suitable to such a design and to the style of life which the person who can occupy such a farm is entitled to enjoy, are as follows: In the parlour story there is a lobby, with staircase to chambers and cellars, drawing-room, bedroom, a family work-room, dining-room, business-room, kitchen, barrack-room or manservant's room, store-room, dairy, &c. On the first floor are two best bedrooms, two other bedrooms, bed-closets, another closet, and a water-closet; over are servants' rooms.

4170. As a farmery for an arable farm near London of 350 acres (fig. 607.), we shall give as an example one erected (with some variations) in the county of Middlesex, in 1810. It is to be observed, that in Middlesex farming a great object is hay, especially meadow hay, for the London market, which gives rise to the covered spaces for loaded carts (x); it being the custom to load the carts at night, place them under cover, and yoke and go on the road early the following morning. The accommodations of this farmery

are, in the dwelling-house, a lobby and stair (a), dining-room (b), drawing-room and green-house (c), a housekeeper's room, nursery or butler's pantry (d), dairy (e), kitchen (f), back kitchen and brew-house (g), gig-house or coach-house (h), small stable (i), harness-room and stair to men's room and hay-loft (k). In the economical buildings are a granary (1), pigs (m), carts or odd articles (n), water-closet (o), poultry (p), litter for the stable (g), stable for twelve horses (r), chaff-room (s), litter (t), room for cutting hay into chaff (u), places for horse food, or straw, hay, &c. (v), cattle-sheds (w), open colonade for loaded hay-carts (r), straw end of barn (y), corn-floor (), unthreshed corn and corn-floor (&), machine (1), mill course (2), cows (3), cow-food (4), calves (5), bailiff's house (6), implements (7), wood-house, coals, &c. (8), kitchen-court to master's house (9), garden (10), poultry-yard (11), bailiff's garden (12), lawn, shrubbery, and sheep-walk (13), pond (14), rickyard (15), stack-stands (16), urinarium (17).

4171. In the elevations of this farmery (fig. 608.), some attention has been paid to effect, by intermingling trees, chiefly oaks, with thorns and honeysuckles.

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4172. An anomalous design of a farmery for a hay-farm (fig. 609.), calculated for effect and for inspection from the sitting-room (a, a), contains the following economical buildings: A poultry-house with granary over (a), a chaise-house with men's room

over (b), rabbits (c), tools (d), carts (e), open sheds for carts or other implements (f), sick horse or cow, &c. (g), pigs (h), stable (i), calves (k), cows (1), open passage lighted from above and pump (m), saddle-horse, &c. (n), straw (o), chaff-cutting room (p), hand-threshing-machine (q), unthreshed corn (r), loaded carts of hay (s, t), hay-ricks with roof movable on wheels to protect the hay while binding (u), ponds (v), lawn (w), yard (r). Sitting in the circular room (a, a), the master may look down the light passage which has a wire door, and along the oblique front of the buildings, and see every door that is opened. He may also, as appears by the elevation (fig. 610.) see the men binding hay under the movable covers.