State and Government in Medieval Islam

Abbasid accepted according affairs al-Bāqillānī al-Dīn al-Fārābī al-Ghazālī al-Jāhiz al-Māwardī al-Tūsī Alī Allāh amir appointed Arabic text asabiyya authority Baghdad bay‘a believed Buyids caliph century claim com­ command con­ concerned dār delegation dhimmī discussion divine doctrine duty enjoin exercise Fadl Allah Fatimid forbid evil functions fuqahā ghayba Gibb God’s hujja Ibādī Ibid Ibn al-Muqaffa Ibn Khaldūn Ibn Qutayba Ibn Taymiyya ijmā imām imamate Imāmī Imāmiyya incumbent Islamic Ismā‘īlī Jamā‘a jihād judgement jurists justice khalīfa kharāj Khārijīs khums king kingship Kitāb land Laoust later Mu‘āwiya Mu‘tazilī Muhammad mujtahids muqaddimah Muslim obedience obligatory office of qādī Persian text person philosophy political prayers prophet qiyās Qur’ān Quraysh rebels recognised regard religion religious rule ruler Safawid Shāfi‘ī shar‘ī sharī‘a Shī‘a Shī‘ī Shi‘ism successor sultan sunna Sunnī taqiyya temporal theory tradition ulamā Umar Umayyads umma unjust usurped valid vicegerent wazir zakāt Zaydī