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penham in Cambridgeshire. His daughters were, 1. Bridget, married to commiffary general Ireton, and afterwards to lieutenant

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tained; and in all other things according to the laws (3) Journals. of these nations and not otherwife (s).'On the loe, vol. vi. 25th, the humble petition and advice being prefented p. 310. by the parliament, was folemnly fworn to by his Highnefs, who with great pomp was then anew inaugurat- Whitlock's (r) See ed (1) Thus Cromwell was baulked in his hopes of account of the diadem by his near relations and intimate friends! it in note Men of principle we may fuppofe, who chofe rather ("). to difoblige him, and forfeit their employments than to build again what they had deftroyed. Rare examples of integrity.--Had the crown been placed on the head of the Protector, in purfuance of the advice of the parliament, 'tis not improbable it might have ftrengthned his own government, and enabled him to tranfmit to (u See the pofterity many very valuable priviledges (u). But for humble Pewant of this, his houfe of peers was of no weight; his army was neceffary, but troublefome; and he was perpetually exposed to the clamours or confpiracies of several factions.-Certain 'tis, it was eligible in his own eye, and in the eye of Thurloe, and therefore it may well be fuppofed they faw many advantages in it.It appears at firft fight that it would have reftored the conftitution, as founded on an original contract. mention has been made more than once of Cromwell's houfe of lords, 'tis proper the reader fhould have fome information concerning them. The fecond article of the petition and advice recommended the calling of parliaments confifting of two houfes. This fuited well with the title of King, which was at firft intended for the Protector; and probably, if that had been affumed, many of the antient nobility and gentry would have been pleased to have had feats in the upper houfe. But though the crown was refused, the project of a house of lords was continued. The number was not to exceed feventy,

general. Fleetwood. 2. Elizabeth, wife to John Cleypole, Efq; 3. Mary, married to ord Fauconberg. 4. Frances, wife to Mr. Rich,

feventy, nor to be lefs than forty. Their nomination was placed in the Protector, with the approbation of the house of commons. Cromwell was under fome difficulty about the choice. Some were fit, but not wilHing to ferve; others willing and defirous, but very unfit. At length, on the 10th of December, 1657, another houfe was nominated, and writs iflued out for fummoning the members of it; who on the 20th of January following, fat in that which was formerly the houfe of lords. The number of the members of this houfe were fixty two, among whom were the earls of Manchefter, Mulgrave, and Warwick; the lords Say and Sele, Fauconberg, Wiartm, Eure, and Howard, afterwards earl of Carlisle; the viscount Life, eldest son of the earl of Leicester, the lord Broghill, and the earl of Caffils; befides many gentlemen of the beft families, fuch as Montague, Ruff, Holart, Onflow, St. John, Pierpoint, Crew, Popham, Hampden, and others. Intermixed with thefe were men who had risen by their own valour and intereft from very fmall beginnings and mean employments; of which fort were Jones, Pride, Heufin, Barktead, Whalley, Goff, Berry and Cooper. To thefe were added the Protector's two fons, his fons in-law Cleyple and Fleetword, the commiflioners of the Great Seal, and of the treasury, with others of near relation to the court (*). All the old nobility, lord Eure excepted, refufed to fit in this new aflembly, on account, I fuppofe, of the mean original of fome of the company, or of the authority by which they were convened.

However, they did nothing of any importance. The fecluded men.bers being admitted into the houfe of

(*) Walkly's New Catalogue of Lords, &c. and fecond Narrative of the late Parliament, &c. printed in the 5th year of England's flavery under its new monarchy. 4to. 16,8.

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Rich, grandfon of the Earl of Warwick, and afterwards to Sir John Ruffel, of Chippenham, in Cambridgeshire.

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commons, as before obferved, turned all things against the court; refufed any intercourfe with the new houfe of lords, and behaved fo ill in the eye of the protector, that, in great heat, he diffolved them.--This was the last parliament that fat during Gramwe I's life, he being compelled to wrefle with the difficulties of his place, fays Mr. Maidlane, fo well as he could, without parliamentary affillance, and in it met with fo great a burden, as (I doubt not to fay it, drank up his. fpirits, of which his natural conftitution yielded a vaft flocke) and brought him to his grave (u).' This (a) Thurlor, feems to confirm what Burnet fays, that it was generally believed that his life and all his arts were exhaufted at once, and that if he had lived much (x) Vol. i. longer, he could not have held things together (x).' p. 68.

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Mr. Cowly obferves, that he feemed evidently to be near the end of his deceitful glories, and his own ar(y) Difcourfe my grew at laft as weary of him as the reft of the on the go'people (y). In another place he tells us, it was be- vernment of lieved Cromwell died with grief and difcontent, becaufe Cromwell, he could not attain to the honeft name of a king, and p. 96. the old formality of a crown, though he had before exceeded the power by a wicked ufurpation.'That care, anxiety, difappointment and vexation prey on the fpirits, and waffe the conftitution, is known to all; that these were the lot of Cromwell, as they are of most of thofe who are placed on the pinnacle of glory, and attentive to their duty and their fame, may very eafily be conceived by fuch as have read the foregoing notes; that the government of Cromwell was greatly embarrafled by the madnefs of parties, the eftrangement of friends, and the want of money to pay the armies which it was neceflary to keep on foot: I fay that this was fo, is too evident to be denied.But had

the

In his death he difplayed his wonted (BBBB) firmnefs and enthufiafm. His body was buried with more than regal magnificence (*) in Westminfier-Abbey, from whence,

the life of the protector been prolonged, 'tis not impoffible he might have got the better of his difficulties, and maintained his poft in fpight of all oppofition. For we are to remember it was Cromwell who had dared to feize the government; to raife money by his own authority; to create and diffolve parliaments; to combat with Kings, and to fcatter terror through the nations.By what means he would have done this, whether by (2) Thur- fecuring Fleetwood and Deforowe, to whom he owed his loc, vol. vii. difappointment, in affuming the crown, and calling another parliament, must be left to the conjecture of the reader. The latter he certainly had thoughts of before his fickness (z).

P. 99.

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(BBBB) In his death he difplayed his wonted firmness and enthufiafm] When the fymptoms of death, says Mr. Ludlow, were apparent upon him, and many minifters and others affembled in a chamber at hall, praying for him, whilft he manifefted fo little remorfe of confcience for his betraying the publick caufe, and facrificing it to the idol of his own ambition, that fome of his laft words were rather becoming a mediator than a finner, recommending to God the condition of the nation that he had fo infamoufly cheated, and expreffing a great care of the people whom he had fo manifeftly defpifed. But he feemed, above all, concerned for the reproaches he faid men would caft upon his name, in trampling on his afhes when dead. In this temper of mind he de(a) Vol. ii. parted this life (a) '—I fancy Mr. Ludiow had in his eye the following expreffions which Cromwell is faid to have made ufe of in his ficknefs, in a prayer addreffed to the Su

p. 612.

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(*) The expences of his funeral are faid to have amounted to 60,000l.

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whence, after the restoration, it was removed, and treated with all poffible indignity. His character has been very differently

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that was

preme Being. Lord, although I am a miferable and wretched creature, I am in covenant with thee, through grace, and I may, I will come to thee for thy people, thou haft made me (though very unworthy) a mean inftrument to do them fome good, and thee service; and many of them have fet too high a value upon mee, though others wish, and would be < glad of my death; but Lord, however thou doft difpofe of mee, continue and go on to do good for (b) Collecthem. Give them confiftency of judgment, onetion of fe· heart, and mutual love, and go on to deliver them, veral paffagand with the work of reformation, and make the ing his late name of Chrift glorious in the world. Teach thofe, Highneffe, who look too much upon thy inftruments, to depend of his fick⚫ more upon thyself; pardon fuch as defire to trample nefs, by one the duft of a poor worm, for they are thy peoupon 'ple too (b).'-This was all in character.Two bed-chamgroom of his or three more of his expreffions, when death was in hisber. 4to. view, will fhew us in what temper he left the world. Lond. p. 12. Lord, thou knoweft, if I do defire to live, it is to Id. p. 6. fhew forth thy praife, and declare thy works (*)'—Again he faid, I would be willing to live to be fur-tation from ther serviceable to God and his peopie, but my work is done, yet God will be with his people.'-Thefe fayings feem to evince the greatnefs of his mind; the main thing he had in view, to have been the publick good; and ftrongly confirm what is faid to have been the avowed opinion of the moft excellent Tillotson, That at laft Cromwell's enthufiafm got the better of his hypocrify.'The night before his death, and not before, lord Fauconberg fays, he declared his fon Richard his fucceffor, in prefence of four or five of his (Thurloe, council (c).

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1659.

See the quo

Bates in

note [F].

vol. vii. P. 375.

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