their plate, for its better fecurity; they packed lum, or the Cromwell, P. 24. 12mo. a full View P. 4. 8vo. ' deny or fcruple the rendring their horfes to them who 'fhould fight the Lord's battle in their ftead (y).' I am (y) Flagel no judge of military affairs: but I think 'tis a maxim Life, &c. of that good difcipline makes good foldiers.' Cromwell Oliver was quite exact in this, and the behaviour of his army was fuch as merited the greatest praise, even abstracted Lond. 1663. from its valour. Let us hear an eye witness: a pane- Perfect Pogyrift he is; but on this occafion feems to have adhered litician, or pretty much to the truth. Quicquid effuciunt in te of the Life dementes Olivari, nauci non facio, religiofiffiimum of Oliver 'imperatorem, religionis mediis in exercitibus defenfo- Cromwell, rem, protectorem, propagatorem, nemo nifi laudum Lond, 1680. • tuarum fupra modum invidus hic reperitur, qui te non fufpexerit, admiratus fuerit, obfervantia fummâ non coluerit, Enim vero ubinam terrarum tàm religiofus 'vifus eft imperator, tamquè religiofus exercitus? Miratus ego fum, varias Angliæ provincias tunc pro negotiorum meorum, vel principis mei Sereniffimi Ducis • Gueldria Comitis Hacmunda neceffitate peragrans, • eafquè militibus tu's refertas, ita quietas, tranquillas, pacatas, quafi ne unus quidem in illis miles effet, fic addictas pietati, quafi monachorum non militum legiones in pagis ipfarum difperfæ degerent. Ita certa fingulis diebus tùm fundendis Deo precibus, tùm audiendis dei præconiis, erant affignata tempora, milites ipfos adeò modeftos, nihilque nifi Deum, pietatem, religionem, virtutem refpirantes, ut ingenuè fatear cum ftupore non mediocri fæpè fufpexi. Atque ne putet hic aliquis velle me blandiri, oleum Olivaric divendere, vel in illius aures inftillare, teftem Deum. adhibeo, quod fæpiffime præfidiarios Olivarii, modô fuprà dictô milites adiens, ne vel inverecundum verbulum unquam ab ullius ex illis ore perceperim, jusjurandumque nullum, fed meram humanitatem, urbanitatem, pietatem, verecundiam, modeftiam ani• madverterim. Unde nequaquam in Olivarii militibus • locum packed up the fame, but were prevented from fending it, by the diligence of Oliver, who locum habere poteft quod de omnibus aliis jampridem • decantatum eft, Nulla fides pietafquè viris qui caftra fequuntur, • Multa fides pietafquè viris qui caftra fequuntur (z).' Warwick, fpeaking of his army fays, they had all either naturally the phanatick humour, or foon imbibed it: a herd of this fort of men being by him drawn together, he made ufe of the zeal and credulity of thofe perfons, teaching them, as they too readily taught themselves, that they engaged for God, when he led them against his vicegerent the King: and where this opinion met with a natural courage, ⚫ it made them the bolder, and too oftner the crueller for it was fuch a fort of men, as killed brave young Cavendish and many others, after quarter given ⚫ in cold blood. And thefe men, habited more to fpiritual pride, than carnal riot or intemperance, fo confequently having been induftrious and active in their former callings and profeffions, where natural courage wanted, zeal fupplied its place; and at first they ⚫ chofe rather to dye than fly; and cuftom removed fear of danger: and afterwards finding the sweet of good pay, and of opulent plunder, and of preferment, fuitable to activity and merit; the lucrative part made gain feem to them a natural member of godlinefs (a).' Though many fhades are thrown into Warwick's picture, it is ftill beautiful in comparison of a diffolute, undifciplined, wicked beaten army,' which Clarendon tells us the King's was, when Lord Hopton took its command: an army, whofe horfe, he fays, their friends feared, and their enemies laughed at; being terrible only in plunder, and refolute in running . away. who on this, as well as other (R) occafions, shewed himself an active partizan. In the courfe away (6). Such would not have been entertained by () vol. iv. Cromwell. I fhall clofe this note with the laft writer's p. 729. character of Cromwell's army, given before both houses of parliament Sept. 13, 1660: I fay Cromwell's army, for 'tis well known they were the fame men, for the most part, who had been formed by him, and fought under his banners. No other Prince, fays the chancellor, in Europe, would be willing to difband fuch an army; an army to which victory is entailed, and which, humanly fpeaking, could hardly fail of conquelt whitherfoever he should lead it.-An army whofe order and difcipline, whofe fobriety and manners, whose courage and fuccess hath made it famous • and terrible over the world.— -His Majefty knows they are too good Englishmen to wish that a standing army fhould be kept up in the bowels of their own country; that they who did but in Bello pacis gerere negotium, and who whilft an army lived like good hufbandmen in the country, and good citizens in the city, will now become really fuch, and take delight in the benefit of that peace, they have fo wonderfully brought to pafs (c).' gium, before thofe who were beft of all of its truth and propriety! Nothing after this can be ad- 126. 8vo. ded. fo honeftly and (c) Lives of What an elo- the Lord able to judge vol. ii. p. Chancellors, Lond. 1712. As high a character is par- given of are thefe men in the continuation of his the Life of (R) They were prevented by the diligence of Oliver, who fhewed himself an active partizan.] I intend not to ticularize the military exploits of Cromwell, they fufficiently known. Europe founded with them; and they will be long talked of. However, as this was first exploit, it may merit fome attention, as well as rectify fome mistakes. Great complaint is made of him in the Querela Cantabrigienfis, in the following words: Mafter Cromwell, burgefs for the town of Cambridge, and then newly turned a man of war, was fent down by his mafters above, at the invitation of his masters G 3 • be Clarendon, vol. ii. p. 40. (Querela Cantabrigienfis, 8vo, P. 182. course of the war he gave full proof of his bravery and good conduct; at Marflon-Moor he turned the fortune of the day, and there .by below (as himself confeffed) to gather what ftrength he could to ftop all paffages that no plate might be fent: but his defigns being fruftrated, and his opinion as of an active fubtile man, thereby fomewhat 'fhaken and endangered, he hath ever fince bent himfelf to work what revenge and mifchief he could < against us. In purfuit whereof, before that month was expired, down he comes again in a terrible man< ner with what forces he could draw together, and • furrounds divers colleges, while we were at our devotion in our feveral chappels, taking away prifoners, feveral doctors of divinity, heads of colleges, and thefe he carries with him to Lenden in triumph (d).' This ftory is repeated by the editor of Dr. Barwick's Lond. 1685. life, but by the extract from the journals, in the foregoing note, it appears that his defign of ftopping the plate intended for the King was not fruftrated, and therefore the former part of the story must be without foundation. May writes, that the first action Cromwell undertook was to fecure the town of Cambridge for the parliament, about the middle of January. Universities of all places were moft apt to adhere to the King's party, efteeming parliaments, and efpecially this, the greateft depreffors of that ecclefiaftical dignity, in hope of which they are there nurtured : Upon which reason they were packing up a large quantity of the plate that belonged to all the colleges, to fend it away to the King, which would have made a ⚫ confiderable fum. This was forefeen by Cromwell; who by a commiffion from the parliament, and lord • general Effex, had raised a troop of horse, and came (e) Hißory down into that country, with authority to raise more 'forces as occafion ferved; he came to Cambridge foon enough to feize upon that plate (e).'-What the quanFolio. Lond. tity of plate in the whole was, which was packed up of the Paz ljament, b. iii. p. 79. 1647. for by obtained great honour to himself, and advantage to his masters. His courage notwithstanding has been called in question (s): I. P. 24. 8vo. for the King, appears not: but the particular pieces fent from St. John's college for the purpose, amounted (ƒ) Barto two thousand fixty five ounces and three fourths (f). wick's Life, So that probably the whole was a good booty. But Cromwell feldom did things by halves. • Whilst I was • about Huntington, vifiting old Sir Oliver Cromwell, his uncle and godfather, at his houfe at Ramfey, he told me this ftory of his fuccefsful nephew and godfon; that he visited him with a good strong party of horse, and that he had asked him his bleffing, and that the few hours he was there, he would not keep on his hat in his prefence; but at the fame time, he not only disarmed, but plundered him: for he took (g) Waraway all his plate (g).' This was in character: the wick, p. uncle was treated with proper refpect; the cavalier 251. prevented from doing mifchief! Cromwell well underftood his duty. (s) His courage however has been called in question.] It has been observed that there is no opinion fo abfurd as not to have been embraced by some men, The imputation of cowardice to Cromwell would not easily have been thought on, by thofe who had feen or heard of his exploits. But prejudice works wonders, and in a trice levels or exalts characters in the eyes of even wise and understanding men. Lord Holles was undoubtedly of this number; but being oppofed and oppreffed by Cromwell and his party, he could fee nothing to admire, but every thing to blame in him. He engaged in a particular oppofition to Cromwell, fays Burnet, in the time of the war: they hated one another equally. Holles feemed to carry this too far, for he would not allow Cromwell to have been either wife or brave; but often applied Solomon's obfervation to him, that the battle was not to the strong, nor favour to the man of understanding, but that time and chance happened G 4 6 to |